MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON (0018)

Program Name and Code : Mechanical Engineering

Course Name and Code :IHP (22655)
Academic Year : 2024-25
Semester :Sixth

A MICRO PROJECT
On
Types Of Pumps
Submitted in March , 2025 by the group of 4 students
Sr. Roll Enrollment
Name of student
No. No. No.
1 54 Tushar Ramesh 220018017
Rathod 8
2 55 Rahul Muktaji Sadgar
22001801
81
3 58 Tushar Pratap Shinde 22001801
86
4 59 Vaibhav Prakash 22001801
Shinde 87

Project Guide
Prof.K.M. Thakur Sir
(Lecturer in IHP)

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate

This is to certify that Mr /Ms/Ku Tushar Rathod, Rahul Sadgar ,Tushar Shinde ,Vaibhav
Shinde, Roll No. 54,55,58,59 of First Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering
of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018) has completed the Micro
Project satisfactorily in the Subject – Industrial Hydraulics and Pneumatics (22655)
for the Academic Year 2024-25 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Jalgaon Enrollment No: 2200180178,2200180181

2200180186,2200180187

:Date: / /2025 Exam.Seat No

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

n
Instit
Seal

2
 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-
I (Full Name) Tushar Rathod, Rahul Sadgar,Tushar Shinde ,Vaibhav Shinde ,
Roll No54,55,58,59. as a student of Sixth Sem/Year of the Program: DIPLOMA in
Mechanical Engineering humbly submit that I have completed from time to time the
Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report by my own skills and study
between the period from / /2024 to / /2025 as per Instructions/guidance of
Prof.R.Nafade And that following students were associated with me for
this work, however, quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer. And
that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any other literature in
contravention of the academic ethics.

Date: ……/ /2025 Signature of Student

3
 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2024-25 Name of the Faculty: Prof K.M. Thakur Sir

Course: Industrial Hydraulics and Pneumatics (22655) Semester: VI

Title of the Project: Types Of Pumps

COs addressed by the Micro Project:

a)
Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project:

a) Practical Outcomes -

b) Unit Outcomes (Cognitive Domain) -

c) Outcomes (Affective Domain) -

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication
(if any)……………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4for

for performance performance in Total
Roll Student Name in group activity oral/ presentation out
No (D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9) of 5
1 Tushar Ramesh
Rathod
2 Rahul Muktaji
Sadgar
3 Tushar Pratap
Shinde
4 Vaibhav Prakash
Shinde

(Signature of Faculty)

4
 INDEX
SR.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
Introduction 8
1
Types Of Pump 9
2
10
3
Screw Type Rotary Air Pump

11
Centrifugal Air Pump
4

12,15
Reciprocating Pump
5

6 Rotary Air Pump 16

7
Lobe Type or Roots Blower Rotary Air Pump
17
Vane Type Rotary Air Pump
8 18
9 Conclusion 19

10 Reference 20

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 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE DATE

Discussion and finalization of topic
1 1st
Preparation and submission of
2 2nd
Abstract
Literature Review
3 3rd
Collection of Data
4 4th
Collection of Data
5 5th
Discussion and outline of Content
6 6th
Formulation of Content
7 7th
Editing and proof Reading of
8 8th
Content
Compilation of Report And
9 9th
Presentation
Seminar
10 10th
Viva voce
11 11th
Final submission of Micro Project
12 12th

Sign of the student Sign of the faculty

6
 ACKNOWLEDGE
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance & assistance
from many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this all along the
completion of our project. All that we have done is only due to such supervision and
assistance and we would not forget to thank them.

We respect and thank Dr. Parag Patil, Principal, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon for
providing us an opportunity to do the project work in the institute and giving us all support
and guidance which made us complete the project duly. We are extremely thankful to Dr.
Parag Patil Sir for providing such a nice support and guidance.

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher, Prof.R.Nafade

Sir who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project which also help me
doing a create different meanings from the same verbs and help to anchor listener
understand the meaning behind our story.

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 Introduction

An air compressor is a device that converts power, typically from an electric motor or
gasoline engine, into potential energy stored in pressurized air. Air compressors are
commonly used in various industries, such as manufacturing, construction, and
automotive, to power tools and equipment that require high-pressure air. They come in
different sizes, from small portable models to large industrial compressors. We all have
seen a cylinder with motors and pipes used for filling the air to our bicycles or vehicle
tyres. Those cylinders with motors and pipes are air compressors. Thus, an air compressor
is a mechanical device that increases the air pressure above the atmospheric pressure by
compressing it. This high-pressure air is stored in a cylinder attached to it.
What are Air Compressors?

Compression is a process of increasing the pressure of any state of matter. Air compres-
sion is the process of increasing the air pressure above the atmospheric pressure. The value
of atmospheric pressure is given as ‘1 atm’ or ‘101,325 Pa (Pascal’s)’. Or air compressors
produce compressed air and they have many applications. The process is used in manufac-
turing oxygen cylinders, spray cans, etc. Due to these wide applications

The mechanical device used to compress air is called an ‘Air compressor’. Thus, the air
compressor is a mechanical pneumatic device powered by IC engines or electric motors to
convert the kinetic energy of air to potential energy. The compressed air from the air com-
pressors is usually stored in a high-pressure vessel. An example is shown in the images be-
low.

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 Types Of Pumps

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 Screw Type Rotary Air Pumps

The screw type rotary air compressor uses a rotary type positive displacement mechanism.
The explanation is understood with the reference to the image below.

The compressor comprises closely meshing rotors of spiral shape to compress the air. In
practical scenarios, while running the system dry, a pair of timing gears are used to ensure
precise alignment. This also ensures resistance to rapid wear. The lubricating oil forms a
connection in the space between the rotors in an oil-flooded rotary screw air compressor.
This oil acts as a transfer medium of mechanical energy between the rotors to aid in the
rotation of one powered by the other

 Advantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:

o Less noisy while under operation
o Outlet air temperature would be comparatively low
 Disadvantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o This compressor has to be used frequently to avoid rust
o Needs excessive maintenance
 Applications of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Small air compressors or mini air compressors of this type are used as mobile
units to fill the air.
o They are also used in the food packaging industry
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 Centrifugal Air Pump

The rotational energy is imparted to the air by centrifugal air compressors in the possess of

compression.

The rotational energy by the vanes is converted into a centrifugal force that pushes the air
towards the discharge side. The airflow is normal to the axis of the rotating shaft in this
type. The vanes are of two types: Diffuser and Impeller. Impeller vanes are curved which
aids the flow of air. Diffuser vanes are fixed and are used to aid in the conversion of
the rotational kinetic energy of air coming from impeller vanes to pressure energy. The
components in figure 10 are the main components of a centrifugal air compressor.
Centrifugal compressors are sometimes referred to as rotary compressors due to their
construction.

 Advantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:

o Reliable and less expensive
o Ability to handle high-pressure operations.
 Disadvantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Less flexible and stable at higher compressions
o Generates more vibrations.
 Applications of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Mainly used by gas turbines and refrigeration compressors
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 Reciprocating Pump
The reciprocating type is a positive displacement air compressor that is similar to IC en-
gines. The only difference is the absence of combustion gases for the piston to work. These
have a piston connected to the crankshaft reciprocating inside a cylinder. The suction and
delivery valves are at the top of the compressor cylinder.

There are three major types of reciprocating air compressors:

 Single acting
 Double acting
 Diaphragm type.

Single Acting Reciprocating Air Compressors

Let us refer to the image below as we learn more about the type. These are commonly
known as single stage reciprocating air compressors.

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 Single Acting Reciprocating Air Pump
Let us refer to the image below as we learn more about the type. These are commonly
known as single stage reciprocating air compressors.

o Advantages of Single Acting Reciprocating Compressors:

o The compressor has a simple working
o It is Easier to repair
o Disadvantages of Single Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o The system should run at full potential even for a small amount of work out-
put.
o Application of Single Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Commonly used in woodworking, food production in the bakery, and metal-
work.
o They are commonly known as gas air compressors.

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 Double Acting Reciprocating Air Pump
A schematic diagram of a typical double acting reciprocating air com-
pressor is shown below. These are usually categorized under multi-
stage reciprocating air compressors, but let us restrict the study to
double acting/stage compressors concerned with the AE/JE mechanical
engineering exams.

This is a well-known type of positive displacement compressor. Here, unlike single acting,
both sides of the piston are used to intake and compress the air. The piston moves down-
ward and draws the air. It then moves upward by compressing the air and pushing it to-
wards the delivery (exhaust) valve. Here, both sides of the piston are used in the com-
pressor chamber for the total work of air compression. .

o Advantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:

o Greater control over the compression process
o Only the first stage could be used to produce energy
o Disadvantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Higher capital investment
o Complicated repair process
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 o Applications of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o It is well-known to be used in various airforce applications in the military

Rotary Air Pump

Unlike other types of compressors that use piston-cylinder movement, Rotary air com-
pressors use the action of gears to compress air. These compressors involve the rotating
element developing a liquid seal. This creates a suction at the inlet.

The air is displaced positively by the mechanical component in this type of compressor.
There are three major types of this compressor: Lobe type or Roots Blower, Screw type,
and Vane type.

15
 Lobe Type or Roots Blower Rotary Air Pump
A typical roots blower with two lobes is shown in the image below.

There are two rotors in the compressor, and generally one of them is connected to the ex-
ternal drive that drives the other rotor. The shape, technically known as the lobe, of these
rotors, follows a cycloid or involute profile. The mating between these two imparts accur-
ate sealing to the delivery side. Low-pressure air is compressed by the action converting it
to high-pressure air by the end of the process.

o Advantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:

o Simple in design compared with other rotary air compressors.
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 o Efficiency in operating at lower rpm.
o Disadvantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Extremely susceptible to the wear of internal components
o Applications of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o They are commonly used in the pulp and paper industry.
o It is also used in pharmaceutical industries.

Vane Type Rotary Air Pump

The vane type compressor consists of a set of vanes mounted on a rotor as shown in the
image below.

The vanes on the rotor inside the chamber are of variable length. They are in contact with
the walls of the casing as the rotor rotates. The air from the inlet is drawn and compressed
with this action. This completes our discussion on the first category of air compressors. Let
us move ahead with the next major category.

 Advantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:

o Easy to maintain
o Simple design
 Disadvantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:

17
 o Lubricant may contaminate the air
 Applications of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Used in the agricultural industry to supply compressed air to operate farm
equipment

Axial Air Pump

The axial air compressor, a widely known dynamic compressor, is a mechanical device
employed to increase the pressure of the air continuously in the system. In comparison
with the centrifugal compressor, the axial compressors are small in size and lightweight.

Let us have an idea of these types of compressors using the image below.

The compressor has a drum on which the rotating blades are mounted. The fixed blades are
to direct the flow and achieve high speeds. The air radially enters the impeller and is dis-
charged axially from the compressor. In this system, the air is allowed to pass through in a
parallel direction due to the rotating blades. When the axial flow compressors are com-
bined with gas turbines, they can generate electricity.
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 o Advantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Higher flow rate and greater pressure ratio
o Higher thrust and fuel efficiency
o Disadvantages of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o Bulky construction
o High starting power
o Applications of Double Acting Reciprocating Compressors:
o These compressors are used in the construction of jet engines, high-
speed ship engines, and small-scale power stations

Conclusion
After covering the main types of air compressors, it can be stated that there is no clear an -
swer as to which type is the best. As they each offer various benefits and drawbacks, it ul-
timately depends on your application and business needs. For instance, whilst rotary vane
compressors are compact and suitable for construction and dentistry, reciprocating com-
pressors are used when high-pressure requirements are needed, such as the blowing of
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles.

This project report has provided an exhaustive overview of various types of compressors,
highlighting their operating principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The
compressors discussed include reciprocating, rotary screw, centrifugal, axial, scroll, and
diaphragm compressors.

Key Takeaways

1. Efficiency and Performance: Centrifugal and axial compressors offer high efficiency
and performance, making them suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

2. Cost-Effectiveness: Reciprocating compressors are cost-effective and widely used in

small-scale industries and domestic applications.

3. Reliability and Maintenance: Rotary screw compressors offer reliable operation and low
maintenance costs, making them popular in various industries.

4. Noise Reduction: Scroll compressors provide quiet operation, making them suitable for
applications requiring low noise levels.

Future Scope

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1. Advancements in Technology: Emerging technologies, such as variable speed drives
and advanced materials, will continue to improve compressor efficiency and performance.

2. Energy Efficiency: The development of energy-efficient compressors will play a crucial

role in reducing energy consumption and environmental impact.

3. Customization and Specialization: The demand for customized and specialized com-
pressors will increase, driven by specific industry requirements and applications.

Reference
https://testbook.com/amp/mechanical-engineering/air-
compressor-types-and-parts
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/compressor-and-
types/102974483
https://mncompressor.com/types-of-compressors/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressor
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
346733745_Overview_of_Reciprocating_and_Centrifugal_
Compressors

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