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The document provides an overview of data communication, including its components, data flow types, networking basics, and various networking technologies. It explains the roles of senders, receivers, and protocols, as well as different network types and topologies. Additionally, it offers tips for scoring well in examinations related to the subject.

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3 views

Dat

The document provides an overview of data communication, including its components, data flow types, networking basics, and various networking technologies. It explains the roles of senders, receivers, and protocols, as well as different network types and topologies. Additionally, it offers tips for scoring well in examinations related to the subject.

Uploaded by

prof.majid13
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12 JKBOSE – Data Communication Notes

1. Introduction to Data Communication


Data Communication refers to the exchange of data between devices using a transmission medium.
It involves:
- Sender: The device that sends data.
- Receiver: The device that receives data.
- Transmission Medium: The physical path (wired or wireless) through which data travels.
- Protocol: Set of rules for communication.
- Message: The data being transmitted.

2. Components of Data Communication


- Message: The actual data (text, image, audio, video).
- Sender: The device that sends the message.
- Receiver: The device that receives the message.
- Transmission Medium: The path through which data travels.
- Protocol: A set of rules governing communication.

3. Data Flow
- Simplex: One-way communication (e.g., TV broadcasting).
- Half Duplex: Two-way communication, but one at a time (e.g., walkie-talkie).
- Full Duplex: Two-way communication simultaneously (e.g., phone calls).

4. Overview of Networking
Networking is the interconnection of computers and devices to share resources.
- Network Hardware: Routers, switches, hubs.
- Network Software: Protocols like TCP/IP.

5. Identifying Computers Over a Network


- MAC Address: Unique physical address of a device.
- IP Address: Unique logical address for communication.
- DNS: Converts domain names into IP addresses.

6. IP Addressing: Types and Classes


- IPv4 (32-bit address) & IPv6 (128-bit address).
- IPv4 Classes:
- Class A: Large networks (1-126).
- Class B: Medium networks (128-191).
- Class C: Small networks (192-223).
- Class D: Multicasting (224-239).
- Class E: Reserved for future use (240-255).

7. Types of Networking
- PAN: Small network (Bluetooth, Hotspot).
- LAN: Covers a small area (office, school).
- MAN: Covers a city (cable TV network).
- WAN: Covers large areas (Internet).
8. Network Topologies
- BUS: Single cable; failure affects all devices.
- RING: Devices connected in a circular path.
- STAR: Central device (hub/switch) connects all nodes.
- TREE: Combination of star and bus topology.

9. Network Media
- Guided (Wired): Twisted Pair, Co-axial, Fiber Optics.
- Unguided (Wireless): Infrared, Radio Waves, Microwave.

10. Network Devices and Functions


- Hub: Connects multiple devices; broadcasts data to all.
- Modem: Converts digital signals to analog and vice versa.
- Repeater: Boosts weak signals.
- Gateway: Connects different networks.
- Router: Directs data packets between networks.
- Switch: Connects devices in a LAN.

11. Network Technologies


- Ethernet: Wired LAN technology.
- Bluetooth: Short-range wireless communication.
- Wi-Fi: Wireless networking for internet access.

Tips to Score 18+ Marks:


- Practice diagrams (Topologies, Devices).
- Revise definitions and functions (Network devices, Media).
- Understand differences (LAN vs. WAN, Guided vs. Unguided).
- Prepare short notes for revision.

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