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Building Information Systems

The document discusses the importance of integrating technology into business processes to improve efficiency and customer service, using the example of House of Angostura's transition from manual to automated systems. It outlines the steps for building new information systems, including analysis, design, programming, testing, and implementation, while highlighting the benefits of customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Additionally, it covers various methodologies and approaches for system development, including structured methodologies, prototyping, and outsourcing.

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Sami Benamer
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10 views13 pages

Building Information Systems

The document discusses the importance of integrating technology into business processes to improve efficiency and customer service, using the example of House of Angostura's transition from manual to automated systems. It outlines the steps for building new information systems, including analysis, design, programming, testing, and implementation, while highlighting the benefits of customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Additionally, it covers various methodologies and approaches for system development, including structured methodologies, prototyping, and outsourcing.

Uploaded by

Sami Benamer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬

IS Theory and practices (IS321)


Building
Information Systems

IS Theory and
Malak Ahmed Elwerfalli
4141

1
Introduction
The business world has experienced terrible
development and radical changes, which have
caused economic institutions to face many
challenges in the economic, social, political and
technological fields.

Due to the fact that manual processes are inefficient


and have led to high costs, slow work and low
quality customer service, and in order for the
organization to maintain its survival and prosperity
in a full environment full of competitors,
institutional owners and administrators must intend
their business with technology; to save time and
effort and ensure accurate and reliable information
reaches all administrative levels; to be used to
activate.

Discussion
House of Angostura is one of the Caribbean’s
leading rum producers and the world market leader
for bitters

The institution is staffed by a team of 16 sales


representatives taking orders out in the field. The
way of working was heavily manual, tedious, and

2
time-consuming and sometimes produced
inaccurate orders.

The system of Angostura are built by defining a set


of detailed information requirements to improve
sales service.

One of the important requirements: that the


application be able to update the availability of
automatically purchased products from the
company's general inventory and integrate them.

And that the phone system works even in the lack of


communication, where the sales representative can
enter an order on his mobile device.

1. Build a new mobile sales order system.

2. Analysis of the organization’s problems with


current systems.

3. Evaluation information requirements.

4. Choosing the right technology.

5. Redesign of business processes and functions.

The use of technology also reduces various costs


and raises the efficiency of work and customer
service.

3
Customer relationship management
(CRM):
Is a technology for managing all your company’s
relationships and interactions with customers and
potential customers.

The goal is: Improve business relationships to grow


your business. A CRM system helps companies stay
connected to customers, streamline processes, and
improve profitability.

The Benefits of a CRM System:


 Better customer relationships
 Better communications with customers and
coworkers
 Improved customer service
 Increased automation of tasks
 Increased customer retention, upselling and
engagement
 Higher sales results
 Higher employee satisfaction

4
How does building new systems produce
organizational changes?
Building a new information system is a fundamental
change for the organization because of its impact on
jobs, skills, management, organization, and
decision-making.

There are four types of structural organizational


change enabled by information technology:

Automation is a technology that makes a thing


work automatically, whether it is a device, a system,
or a process. Automation includes many elements,
systems, and functions, and provides benefits to
almost all industries, including:

Manufacturing, food and pharmaceutical, chemical


and petroleum, pulp and paper Transportation,
automotive, aerospace, and rail Utilities, water and
wastewater, oil and gas, electric power, and
telecommunications , Facility operations, security,
environmental control, energy management, safety,
and other building automation ,And many others.

Rationalization of procedures and redesign of


business processes are limited to specific parts of
the work. New information systems affect the

5
design of the entire region by changing how the
organization performs its work or even the nature of
the work.

Companies that practice business process


management go through the following steps:

1. Identifying change processes: one of the most


important strategic decisions is to understand the
business processes that need to be improved. When
systems are used to correct errors, the work
becomes more efficient.

2. Analyze the following process: modeling and


documenting business processes, noting inputs,
outputs, resources, and activity sequences

3. New process design: the process is optimized by


designing a new process where it is easier and its
steps are less, a new simplified process is
documented and modeled to compare with the old
process. The administration measures the time and
cost of the current operation.

4. The implementation of the new process: once the


new process is carefully formulated and analyzed, it
must be translated into a new set of procedures and
working rules.

6
5. Continuous measurement: once the process is
implemented and improved, it must be measured
continuously. The deterioration of operations has
been lost over time, as employees retreat from old
methods.

What are the core activities in the systems


development process?
Systems development is a structured type of
problem that is solved with distinct activities. These
activities consist of systems analysis, systems
design, programming, testing, conversion,
production, and maintenance.

System Analysis: It consists of defining the


problem, determining its causes, determining the
solution, and defining the information requirements
that the system solution must meet. Systems
analysis also includes a feasibility study to
determine if such a solution is feasible or achievable
from a financial, technical and organizational point
of view.

System Design: It is the overall plan or model


for this system. It consists of all the specifications
that give the system its shape and structure. The
systems designer details the system specifications

7
that will provide the functionality identified during
systems analysis.

What makes a design superior to others is the ease


and efficiency with which it meets user
requirements within a defined set of technical,
organizational, financial and time constraints.

Programming: The system specification


prepared during the design phase is translated into
software code.

Testing: A comprehensive and thorough test must


be performed to ascertain if the system is producing
the correct results. The test answers the question
"Will the system achieve the desired results under
known conditions?"

Conversion: is the process of changing from the


old system to the new system.

Conversion strategies:

1. The parallel strategy: Both the old system and


its potential replacement have been running together
for some time until everyone is sure that the new
system is working properly , the safest approach

8
The old system can still be used as a backup but it is
expensive.

2. The direct cutover strategy: it completely


replaces the old system completely with the new
system on a specific day. It is a very risky approach
and can be more expensive than running two
systems in parallel if serious problems are found
with the new system.

3. The pilot study strategy: introduces the new


system to only a limited area of the organization,
such as a single department or operating unit. When
this pilot version is complete and working
smoothly, it is installed throughout the rest of the
organization, either simultaneously or in stages.

4. The phased approach strategy: introduces the


new system in stages, either by functions or by
organizational units

What are the principal methodologies for


modeling and designing systems?

Structured Methodologies:
it is the methodology of adopting techniques step by
step starting from top to bottom and progressing

9
from the highest level to the lowest. The structured
methodology is concerned with operations.

The basic tool here is a data flow chart (DFD)that


divides the system into units that showed
manageable levels of detail

Circular boxes represent operations and the box the


external entity or the establishment and the
rectangular data store and arrows represent data
flows

Software design is modeled using hierarchical


diagrams and displays each level of design and its
relationship at other levels

The design takes the main function and divides it


into sub-functions and analyses each function until
it reaches the lowest level

Due to the fact that structured modeling separates


data from operations, object oriented development
addresses this problem

Models based on class concepts or genetics in the


sense that objects belonging to a certain category
have the features of that category

10
What are alternative methods for
building information systems?

The traditional systems life cycle


It is used for large and complex projects, Expensive,
time consuming and inflexible, because it is like a
waterfall; it ends from one stage to move to the next

Prototyping
used when some uncertainty about requirements or
design solutions and often used for designing an
information system’s end-user interface

Application software packages


Company can save time and money by using pre-
written, pre-designed and pre-tested software from
the software vendor

End-user development
They cannot easily handle the processing of large
numbers of transactions or applications with
extensive procedural logic and updating
requirements. It occurs outside of traditional
mechanisms for information systems management
and control. When systems are created rapidly

11
without a formal development methodology, testing
and documentation may be inadequate. Control over
data can be lost in systems outside the traditional
information systems department.

Outsourcing
The participating companies use the software and
computers provided by the Service as the
technology platform for their systems. In another
form of outsourcing, a company could hire an
outside vendor to design and build the software for
their system, but that company would run the
system on their computers.

What are new approaches for system


building in the digital firm era?
1. Providing applications for mobile platforms.

2. Using software packages and online software


services.

3. Rapid application development, common


application design, rapid development.

12
References:
Management information Systems,Kenneth
C.laudon , jane C.laudon .

Itbusinessedge.com

Salesforce.com

ISA.org( International Society of automation)

Automation.com

Scincedirect.com

The Index
Introduction Page 2
Discussion Pages 3,4,5
The organizational Change in building systems Pages 5,6,7
The core activities in the systems development process Pages 7,8, 9
The principles methodologies for modeling Pages 9,10
Alternative methods for building information systems Pages 11,12
The new approaches for system building Page 12

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