© JUN 2020 | IRE Journals | Volume 3 Issue 12 | ISSN: 2456-8880

IOT Based Early Flood Detection and Avoidance

M. SHOYEB SAYYAD1, POOJA SURVE2, NAZIM SHAIKH3, MANSI GHARAT4, PRIYA TAMBE5
1, 2, 3, 4
Student, Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani
5
Assistant Professor, Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani

Abstract- Flooding is a natural phenomenon which substantial rainfalls, structural failures and a large
has attracted global attention as a result of its number of human factors. Floods rely on precipitation
negative impact on the society. Developing nations amounts and rates, topology, geology, land use, and
such as India have been predicted to experience antecedent moisture condition.
increased flood occurrences in the coming decade.
The events of flooding are unlikely to change, In the year 2018 Severe flooding affected Indian state
however, its impact on our society can be very well of Kerala due to unusual high rain during monsoon
reduced. There are some places that are more prone season. It was the worst flooding in Kerala in nearly a
to flooding than other places, the implementation of century. In which over 374 people died within
flood alert systems near any major water area or body fortnight. Thirty-five out of 42 dams within the state
of water provides critical information that can open for the first time in history. Kerala received
protect property and save lives. heavy monsoon rainfall on the mid evening of August
and resulting in dams filling to capacity in the first 24
Hence we are designing this project to inform the hours of rainfall the state received 310 mm of rain.
people about the upcoming flood by making use of
the concept of Internet of Things. For that purpose The events of flooding is unlikely to change, however,
we are going to use an android Application to its impact on our society can be very well reduced.
intimate the users. This Project focuses on providing Efficient forecasting and early warning systems can
early detection of flooding and the measures to help mitigate the effects of flooding. The concept of
minimise and avoid floods. The system involves the Internet of things can be used to collect Real time
deployment of sensor nodes at specific flood information from a wide range of environmental
vulnerable locations for real-time flood monitoring phenomenon.
and detection. Flood events relating to flash flooding
and run-off water or overflow are successfully To develop A Real Time Solution to Flood detection
monitored in real time which saves individuals plenty and avoidance Using IoT and Sensor Network, we
of time to prepare against predicted flood proposed a flood detection and avoidance model
occurrence, saving them from the aftermath of flood which requires attention to three basic factors: Data
disaster. collection via water level sensors, data processing, and
the dissemination of flood warning information. While
Indexed Terms- Arduino, Android, BLYNK IOT, automated flood warning systems are often
ESP8266 Wifi Module, Moisture Sensor, Ultrasonic surprisingly expensive to implement, the primary
Sensor factor determining cost for any such system is the
number of Sensor site locations.
I. INTRODUCTION
To tackle the problem of detection of the flooding, we
In India, the rainy seasons occur each year from June are using the Y89 Moisture sensor’s which will act as
to October. Early rainfall is usually in June with full the water level sensor. Where the resistance value will
commencement in July, and stops in the months of be proportionate to the moisture in the soil.
October each year, with a few showers in November.
Flooding is a natural phenomenon which attracts The HC SR04 Ultrasonic sensor will be used to
global interest. It results in tremendous environmental monitor the water level in a body which stores water
destruction and loss of lives. Flooding is a result of which can easily be water dams in our case.

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For making this project IOT compatible we are using can disaster control can be obtained by the user as
the ESP 8266 WIFI module which will allow our necessary.Submit your manuscript electronically for
project to communicate to different elements using review. prepare it in two-column format, including
wifi connectivity for internet. An 16x2 LCD is used so figures and tables(untill it don't fit properly and data is
that the information and acknowledgement of the not visible).
operation of the project can be displayed on the board
itself. The Android application is developed using the B. Flow Chart
BLYNK IOT platform so that the different sensors can
be integrated with the Android Application on a
smartphone.

II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

A. Block Diagram

Once we turn on the circuit the ESP 8266 WIFI

module will try to establish an wifi connection and
As we follow along the block diagram it is evident the once the connection is successful and the circuit is
the the CPU used here is the Atmels ATmega328p connected to the internet and cloud services the data
which is a single chip CPU and all the different from all the relevant sensors will be logged,
modules and sensors are connected to it. We are using
a pair of the Y89 soil moisture sensors to detect the This data will then be compared with the reference
water level in accordance with the ground, whereas for safe and critical values saved on the cloud, if the
determining the reference of the water level in a stored values from the sensors is beyond the critical value
water body like Dams or reservoirs we have used an then the data will be updated on the cloud, the user will
HC SR04 Ulrasonic Sensor.The 16x2 LCD display is be alerted on the android app via a push notification
used to determine the operation status of the project on and if required the Dam gates would be opened via the
the board and the connectivity to the internet is made servo motor and the water will be let out to the extent
possible through the ESP 8266 wifi module. The that the dam is under critical limit. Now, if the values
provision to disperse the critical level of water in the are well under the safety range then the data will only
water body is being relalised through connecting a be updated on the cloud and the information will be
servo motor which represents the heavy duty motors displayed on the LCD display as well as the graphical
that can be used to control the Dam gates as the need interface of the Android application on the user’s
arises. For alerting the users in the area of the flood the smartphone.
BLYNK IOT platform and the Android application on
the smartphone is being used where all the alerts for
the user can be delivered and the data about the crisis

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III. HARDWARE DETAILS The soil moisture sensor consists of two probes which
are used to measure the volumetric content of water.
1. Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04 The two probes allow the current to pass through the
soil and then it gets the resistance value to measure the
moisture value. When there is more water, the soil will
conduct more electricity which means that there will
be less resistance. Therefore, the moisture level will be
higher. Dry soil conducts electricity poorly, so when
there will be less water, then the soil will conduct less
electricity which means that there will be more
resistance.

3. ESP8266 WIFI Module

The HC SR04 Ultrasonic sensor is used to determine

the water level in a contained water body such as Dams
or Reservior. It can be Powered the using a regulated
+5V through the Vcc ad Ground pins of the sensor.
The current consumed by the sensor is less than 15mA
and hence can be directly powered by the on board 5V
pins. This sensor is a very popular sensor used in many
applications where measuring distance or sensing
objects are required. The module has two eyes like
projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic
transmitter and Receiver. The sensor works with the
simple high school formula that is: The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self-contained SOC
with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give
Distance = Speed × Time any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The
ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or
2. Soil Moisture Sensor offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from
another application processor. Each ESP8266 module
comes pre-programmed with an AT command set
firmware, hence we can simply connect it to the
Arduino chip.

4. SG90 Servo Motor

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Servo motors have a geared output shaft which can be 2. Eagle Software
electrically controlled to turn one (1) degree at a time.
For the sake of control, unlike normal DC motors,
servo motors usually have an additional pin asides the
two power pins (Vcc and GND) which is the signal
pin. The signal pin is used to control the servo motor,
turning its shaft to any desired angle. The SG90 motor
has a 2.5kg/cm torque which means it can pull a
weight of 2.5kg when suspended to a distance of 1cm,
for the purpose of the demonstration this motor is ideal EAGLE stands for Easily Applicable Graphical
for our model. Layout Editor, EAGLE is a scriptable electronic
design automation (EDA) application with schematic
IV. SOFTWARE DETAILS capture, printed circuit board (PCB) layout, auto-
router and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
1. Arduino IDE features. EAGLE contains a schematic editor, for
designing circuit diagrams. Schematics are stored in
files with. SCH extension, parts are defined in device
libraries with .LBR extension. Parts can be placed on
many sheets and connected together through ports.
The PCB layout editor stores board files with the
extension .BRD. It allows back-annotation to the
schematic and auto-routing to automatically connect
traces based on the connections defined in the
schematic.

Arduino IDE is an open source software that is mainly

used for writing and compiling the code into the
Arduino Module. It is an official Arduino software,
making code compilation too easy that even a common
person with no prior technical knowledge can get their
feet wet with the learning process. It is easily available
for operating systems like MAC, Windows, and Linux
and runs on the Java Platform that comes with inbuilt
functions and commands that play a vital role for
debugging, editing and compiling the code in the
3. BLYNK IOT Platform
environment. The IDE environment mainly contains
two basic parts: Editor and Compiler where former is
used for writing the required code and later is used for
compiling and uploading the code into the given
Arduino Module. This environment supports both
C and C++ languages.

Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can

control hardware remotely, it can display sensor data,

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it can store data, vizualize it and do many other cool

things. There are three major components in the
platform:

Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces

for your projects using various widgets provided.

Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications

between the smartphone and hardware. we can use
Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server locally.
It’s open-source, could easily handle thousands of
devices and can even be launched on a Raspberry Pi.

Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware

platforms - enable communication with the server and
process all the incoming and outcoming commands.

V. RESULT

The existing problems faced by the authorities for

disaster control related to floods can be overcome by
using the proposed model. The project can be
successful in engaging the users and keep them
informed with all the necessary information needed The status of the operation can be observed on the
during the time of crisis. The water managing circuit of the project itself as the 16x2 LCD display
authorities as well as the users will be able to monitor will indicate the mode of operation which can be
the information in real time, moreover when this beneficial for certain operators where safety protocol
model is used for a long time due to the integration of requires a person to keep personal electronic devices
the cloud services all the data will be logged and saved like phones away from the operating area.
on the servers.
Further there is a massive room for improvement like
the data of repeated years from the cloud can be given
to a artificial intelligence or machine learning
algorithm like linear regression and a prediction of the
rainfall and the flooding can be made very early which
will help the authorities as well as the users to take the
necessary precautions.

CONCLUSION

When this project is compared to the existing practices

which are being used for estimation of water level in
water bodies and Flood control and management very
significant improvement in efficiency will be noticed.
The system is relatively inexpensive to produce install
and maintain and there is no cost involved for the user
to use the Android application as well as the cloud
service as any working internet connection can do the

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job, as the mobile app is backward compatible towards

android 4.0 (version Ice-cream sandwich)
approximately 89% of android users can use the
application.

REFERENCES

[1] Edward Udo, Etebong Isong. Flood Monitoring

and Detection System using Wireless Sensor
Network, ResearchGate, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 767-
782and January 2014.
[2] Jagadeesh Babu Mallisetty and Chandrasekhar V.
Internet of Things Based Real Time Flood
Monitoring and Alert Management system, vol.11,
pp. 34-39 May 2012.
[3] M. S. Baharum, R. A. Awang and N. H. Baba,
"Flood monitoring system (MyFMS)," 2011 IEEE
International Conference on System Engineering
and Technology, Shah Alam, 2011, pp. 204-208,
doi: 10.1109/ICSEngT.2011.5993451.
[4] Sunkpho, Jirapon & Oottamakorn, Chaiwat.
(2011). Real-time flood monitoring and warning
system. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and
Technology. 33. 227-235.
[5] S Vara Kumari, O Sailaja, N V S Rama Krishna,
Ch Thrinisha Early Flood Monitoring System
using IoT Applications International Journal of
Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249-8958, Volume-8 Issue-5, June 2019
[6] Paing Soe, Zayar & Zaw, Phyo & Thant, Pyae &
Oo, May & Khaing, Aye. (2019). IoT Based Flood
Detection System. 10.13140/RG.2.2.16198.73281.

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