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王 영어 여여
o-기
1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문멕상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지
笠흩것은? 笠것은?
The question of whether fish feel pain and respond to In classroom research, a classroom setting can be divided
stress as we do has been an issue of heated debate. The into the backstage region and the front region according to
main reason for the CD � is largely because of the Goffman's approach to people's interactions and "face-work."
huge commercial interests in harvesting fish from the wild. In the theater metaphor, people's behaviors are considered
There is no doubt, however, that fish are highly CZ) � as either CD � on the "frontstage" or the "backstage"
animals and their behaviour suggests they are sentient. To of social life. Social interaction corresponds to performing
gain an unbiased account of pain perception it is wise to as actors on a stage for an audience while also watching as
turn to evolutionary theory. It is clear from comparative if part of an audience. Applying Goffman's metaphor to the
physiology and molecular stt1dies that the pain receptors in classroom setting and the often (2) 쁘민 and formal school
humans are almost ® identical to those fow1d in fish. This discourse developed and maintained around a teacher, who
should come as no surprise because we inl1erited them from traditionally engages in lecturing, could be regarded as the
our fishy ancestors. Similarly the honnones involved in stress "frontstage." Teachers and students ® share this stage.
responses are ve1-y similar across all vertebrates. It would However, the students' quiet social interactions with peers
be fair to conclude that pain and stress in all vertebrates is a can be regarded as "backstage," where they learn the "line"
ve1-y similar and highly @ conse1-ved phenomenon. While for the frontstage, prepare their performances, and then
there are those who argue that the psychological aspect of prevent the teacher from ® � them. Thus, though
pain may differ between animals, this is also highly unlikely the formal classroom space is familiar to the students and
since the physical detection and emotional response to pain the researcher, it is less familiar for the researcher to cross
evolved side-by-side with the expressed outcome being the over into the ® info1mal backstage spaces ofthe classroom,
long-term (5) absence of potentially dangerous stimuli. spaces which are created by discursive registers or speech
* vertebrate: 척추동뭉 ** sentient: 지각이 있는 genres used in quiet peer-to-peer interactions.
*** molecular: 붙자의 * discursive: 두서 없는
** register: （언어의) 사용역, 변이형

4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

않은 것은?
2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 Global climate change can be defined as CI) �
브흡것은? ofthe public good ofclimate stability or excessive use ofthe
Organic material occurs naturally in aquatic environments: co1nmon pool resource ofwaste absorption capacity. At least
fish die, leaves fall into streams and soil washes into rivers. part ofthe solution will undoubtedly involve the new carbon­
This kind of material is fairly CD insoluble, however. It neutral technologies needed to solve the peak oil problem.
breaks down quite slowly, so it does not demand a lot of From the perspective of climate change, though, there is no
oxygen all at once. It's a 홑 different picture when you pour free-rider problem in the deployment of these technologies.
thousands of liters of sewage into a lake. Because sewage is In the absence of climate change, one institution has
made up of lots of small bits of organic material dissolved 2 쁘 to gain from others using alternatives to fossil
or suspended in water, it starts to break down vet-y quickly, 區]s. In the presence of climate change, such technologies
creating an ® immediate demand for large amounts of become ® additive: the more people use them, even without
oxygen. Furthermore, as it breaks down, reduction as well paying, the better off the inventor becomes, since she, too,
as oxidation can occur. When organic material is reduced, benefits from a more stable climate. The countries best able
it liberates ammonia. Neither oxygen ® escalation nor to fund research into carbon-neutral energy sources are
ammonia liberation is good for fish or other aquatic precisely those countries that have made the most significant
organisms. For example, salmon and trout ® 뜨보브혼 a contributions to climate change. This means that cooperative
minimum oxygen level of 6 milligrams per liter to live in provision of such technologies by those countries would
a river. Trout cannot grow if the ammonia concentration prnmote ecological sustainability, @ 묘� distribution, and
exceeds 0.025 milligrams per liter, and they will die if it allocative efficiency. Private, competitive provision would
exceeds 0.25 milligrams per liter. ('}) � all of these goals.
* reduction: 환원 ** oxidation: 산화 * deployment: 전 개 . 배 치

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尸 영어 여여
o-기
9. 다음 반칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 11. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Modern theories have applied and extended early principles Many people are resistant to the notion that numerical
to understand people's behavior when people have the data can convey the beauty of the real world. They feel that
opportunity to interact with others while concealing their somehow converting things to numbers strips away the
personal identity and remaining anonymous. The term magic. In fact, they could not be more wrong. Numbers
deindividuation was coined by Leon Festinger and collea양1es have the potential to allow us to perceive that beauty, that
in the 1950s to describe situations in which people caimot be magic, more clearly and more deeply, and to appreciate it
individuated or isolated from others. According to Festinger more fully. Admittedly, may be removed by
and colleagues, being deindividuated brings about a loss expressing things in numerical form. For example, if I say
of individuality. They proposed that being deindividuated that there are four people in the room, you know exactly
reduces normal constraints on behavior and people can do what I mean, whereas, if I say that someone is attractive
things they normally would not do because they are not you may not be entirely sure what I mean. You may even
directly accountable for their actions. They are, in a sense, disagree with my view that someone is attractive; you are
liberated to do what they like. Festinger and colleagues unlikely to disagree with my view that there are four people
found suppo1i for this idea by demonstrating that participants in the room. Numbers are universally understood, regardless
who were engaged in a group discussion about their parents, of nationality, religion, gender, age, or any other human
while being dressed alike in a dimly lit room, were more characteristic.
likely to make negative comments about their parents than
were participants in a control condition. In other words, CD clarity (2) creativity
the deindividuated sih1ation allowed participants to express (3) accuracy ® ambiguity
views that (5) productivity
* anonymous: 신원 불명 의

CD could boost their own good

(Zl would normally be kept to themselves
(3) would make them highly accountable
® would otherwise be voiced more 行eely
(5) could differentiate themselves from others

12. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을

10. 다음 빈칸에 둘어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 고르시오.

Imagine a toddler going to his mother, tugging on her sleeve, Companies that inspire, companies that command tmst
and when he gets her attention saying, "I need you to watch and loyalty over the long term are the ones that make
me so I can do this all by myself." The mother chuckles us feel we're accomplishing something bigger than just
inwardly and then watches her son build a toy tower. Perhaps saving a dollar.
you, too, smiled at the child's apparent self-contradiction:
How can the child do it "all by myself' and need someone (A ) B ut we do. Every day. B ecause how we feel about
to be paii of the doing? Because autonomy is achieved only something or someone is more power詞 than what we
within relationship, Winnicott called it "the experience of thinl< about it or them.
being alone while someone else is present." This being alone (B) Whether we like to admit it or not, we are not entirely
in the presence of someone else is a pattern that continues rational beings. If we were, no one would ever fall in
throughout life. A dults do not achieve individuation from love and no one would ever stmi a business. Faced with
their parents by walking away and never needing them again an overwhelming chance of failure, no rational person
but rather by using their parents as a secure base from which would ever take either of those risks.
to explore. Autonomy is not a negation of needing others but (C) That feeling of alliance with something bigger is the
a capacity that reason we keep wearing the jersey of our hometown
* mg on' ～울 잡아당기 다 ** chuckle: 빙 그레 웃다 sports team even though they have not made it to the
*** negation: 부정 playoffs for ten years. It's why some of us will always
buy products from a certain brand over other brands,
따 causes them to actively help us even if the brand isn't always the most affordable choice.
CZ) meets the requirements of them
(3) arises from the need being met CD (A) — (C) ― (B) —
CZ) (B) (A) ― (C)
® acknowledges the possible absence of them — (C) — (A) @ (C) 一 (A) — (B)
— (B) ― (A)
® (B)
® leads a self-sufficient life independent of them @ (C)