Geometry Honors Name: _______________________

Unit Overview
In this unit you will…
• Learn the names of polygons and their properties.
• Develop formulas for calculating the interior and exterior angles of polygons.
• Use the hierarchical relationships of quadrilaterals to identify one based on its properties.
• Plot vertices of quadrilaterals in the coordinate plane to identify and prove the specific type of
quadrilateral through coordinate methods.

Unit Calendar
Date Topic Assignment
Thur Fri 9-1 Angles of Polygons • 9-1 Mathspace
3/6 3/7
Mon Tues 9-2 Parallelograms • 9-2 Mathspace
3/10 3/11
Quick Check (9-1, 9-2) • 9-3 Mathspace
Wed Thur
3/12 3/13
9-3 Rhombi & Rectangles
Fri Mon 9-4 Trapezoids & Kites • 9-4 Mathspace
3/14 3/17

Tues Wed Review • Study! Check out the review materials

3/18 3/19 posted to Schoology.

Thur Fri Unit 9 Test • T.B.A.

3/20 3/21 *start Unit 10*

Revised: 3/5/25
 Geometry Formula Sheet
2023 Mathematics Standards of Learning
Geometric Formulas

Regular Polygon b
w h r
d
h

l b a s
b
p = 2l + 2w C =2 r
A = 1 bh
A = lw 2 C= d A = 1 pa A = bh
A = r2 2

b1 r
r
h
h
h

b2 l
V = 4 r3
w
V = r 2h
3
A = 1 h(b1 + b2 ) V = lwh L.A. = 2 rh S.A. = 4 r 2
2
S.A. = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh S.A. = 2 r 2 + 2 rh

B
h l
h l h h
l
B r

V = 1 Bh V = 1 Bh
V = Bh 3 3
L.A. = hp V = 1 Bh
L.A. = 1 lp 3 V = 1 r 2h
S.A. = hp + 2 B 2 3
L.A. = 1 lp
S.A. = 1 lp + B 2 L.A. = rl
2 S.A. = r 2 + rl
S.A. = 1 lp + B
2

Abbreviations
Area A
Area of Base B
Circumference C
Lateral Area L.A.
Perimeter p
Surface Area S.A.
Volume V

Copyright ©2024 by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Education, P.O. Box 2120, Richmond, Virginia 23218-2120. All rights reserved. Except as
permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by
any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may
reproduce any portion of this mathematics formula sheet for non-commercial educational purposes without requesting permission. All others should direct their
written requests to the Virginia Department of Education, at the above address or by e-mail to [email protected].
 Geometry Formula Sheet
2023 Mathematics Standards of Learning
Geometric Formulas

c h (h, k) r
a o

b a
o
a2 + b2 = c2 Sin = ( x − h)2 + ( y − k )2 = r 2
h
Cos =
a
h
o
Tan =
a

Geometric Symbols
Example Meaning
m A measure of angle A

AB length of line segment AB

AB ray AB

AB CD AB is parallel to line CD.

Line
Line segment AB is perpendicular
AB CD to line segment CD.
A B Angle A is congruent to angle B.
ABC DEF Triangle ABC is similar to
triangle DEF.

Copyright ©2024 by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Education, P.O. Box 2120, Richmond, Virginia 23218-2120. All rights reserved. Except as
permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by
any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may
reproduce any portion of this mathematics formula sheet for non-commercial educational purposes without requesting permission. All others should direct their
written requests to the Virginia Department of Education, at the above address or by e-mail to [email protected].

VA00042747 1154853 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D E Printed in the USA ISD6337

 9-1: Angles of Polygons
Definition: A polygon is a closed geometric figure in a plane formed by three or more line segments,
with each segment intersecting exactly two other segments at their endpoints.

Names and Parts of Polygons

To name a polygon, list vertices in consecutive order, starting at any vertex and going clockwise or
counterclockwise. Polygon ABCDE below could also be named polygon CDEAB or polygon BAEDC,
for example.

Sometimes we name a polygon using a more specific classification, like pentagon ABCDE for the one
above. Here are some symbols for more specific types of polygons:
• ABC means triangle ABC
•  ABCD means parallelogram ABCD
•  ABCD means quadrilateral ABCD (yes, the symbol looks like a square, but it just means any quadrilateral)
Diagonals of Polygons Convex vs. Concave Polygons
Convex Concave

NOT diagonals 🚫

Definition: A diagonal is a line segment that Definition: A convex polygons has no diagonals
connects two non-consecutive vertices of a that contains points outside the polygons. (So, a
polygon. concave polygon has at least one!)

Equilateral Polygons Equiangular Polygons

equilateral NOT equilateral 🚫 equiangular NOT equiangular 🚫

Definition: An equilateral polygon has all equal Definition: An equiangular polygon has all equal
side lengths. angle measures.

Regular Polygons
Definition: A regular polygon is a polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular.

If a regular polygon has a

variable or unknown number
of sides, we call it an n-gon
(where n is the # of sides).
More than 12 sides works like
this too (e.g. 13-gon, 100-gon).
Angles of Convex Polygons:
# of # of Sum of Interior Sum of Exterior
Polygon Example Exterior Angles
Sides Triangles Angles Angles

Triangle 3 1 180°

Quadrilateral 4

Pentagon 5

Hexagon 6

Heptagon * 7 *

Octagon * 8 *

      

n-gon n

Theorem: Theorem:
The sum of the measures of the interior angles of The sum of the measures of the exterior angles
a convex polygon with n sides is… one angle at each vertex) of a convex polygon
(with n sides is…

Corollary: Corollary:
The measure of one interior angle of a regular n- The measure of one exterior angle of a regular n-
gon is… gon is…
 9-2: Parallelograms
Definition: A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides.

Definition: A parallelogram is a quadrilateral Which of the figures below appear to meet the
whose opposite sides (both pairs) definition of a parallelogram?
are parallel.

Properties of Parallelograms (Theorems)

While a parallelogram is defined by its parallel sides, there are other characteristics that every
parallelogram has as well. None of these additional properties are the “definition” of a parallelogram, but
they can each be proven to be true starting from a parallelogram’s definition. These properties are
theorems that we will prove to be true.

Opposite sides (both pairs) are

____________________.

Consecutive angles (all pairs) are

____________________.

Opposite angles (both pairs) are

____________________.

The diagonals ___________________

_______________________________.

One pair of opposite sides is both

____________________ and
____________________.
 Insufficient Evidence. Below are three characteristics of quadrilaterals that are each not enough to
determine that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Draw an example (as accurately as you can) for
each one that clearly shows how a quadrilateral can have this property but not be a parallelogram.
One diagonal bisects the other. Two pairs of congruent sides. One pair of congruent opposite
sides.

Theorem Proof #1
“If a quadrialteral is a parallelogram, then its opposite sides are ____________________.”

Theorem Proof #2
“If a quadrilateral has two pairs of ____________________ opposite sides, then it is a parallelogram.”
You Try! Theorem Proof #3

“If a quadrilateral has one pair of sides that is both ________________

and ________________, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.”
Given: ____________________
Prove: ____________________
*Start by drawing diagonal BD (this is not a step in the proof below)

Statements Reasons

1) 1)

2) 2)

3) 3)

4) 4)

5) 5)

6) 6)

7) 7)

8) 8)

Area
The area of a parallelogram is Find the area. Find h, given that the
the product of any base and its quadilateral is a parallelogram.
corresponding altitude.
Parallelograms in the Coordinate Plane
The three points shown below are vertices of a parallelogram. What could be the location of the fourth
vertex?

The diagram shows a general parallelogram with a vertx at the origin and one side along the x-axis. What
are the coordinates of D in terms of a, b, and c?
 9-3: Rectangles, Rhombi, and Squares
Definition: A rectangle is a parallelogram Definition: A rhombus is a parallelogram
with four ___________________. with four ____________________.

Which of the figures below appear to meet Which of the figures below appear to meet
the definition of a rectangle? the definition of a rhombus?

The area of a rectangle is the product of its To find the area of a rhombus, you can:
base and its altitude. Use the parallelogram Use this rhombus-
formula: specific formula:

1
A = d1d 2
2
*not on the SOL formula
sheet!

Because rectangles and rhombi are types of parallelograms, they have all the properties of
parallelograms:
• Opposite sides are ____________________.
• Opposite sides are ____________________.
• Opposite angles are ____________________.
• Consecutive angles are ____________________.
• Diagonals ____________________ each other.
Properties of Rectangles (Theorems)
In addition to the four ____________________ that rectangles have by definition, they have one
more unique property:
• A parallelogram is a rectangle if and only if its diagonals are ____________________.

*Note: this theorem only allows you to identify

a rectangle if you already know the quadrilateral
in question is a parallelogram - there ARE non-
parallelograms with _________________
diagonals that are not rectangles.

Properties of Rhombi (Theorems)

In addition to the four ____________________ that rhombi have by definition, they have two
more unique properties:
• A parallelogram is a rhombus if and only if its diagonals are ____________________.

• A parallelogram is a rhombus if and only if each diagonal ____________________________

______________________________________________________________________________.
 Definition: Use the definition above to help you settle a
dispute:
A square is a parallelogram with four right
angles and four congruent sides. Acute Alice says that some rectangles are rhombi.

Obtuse Ollie says that that is impossible - a rectangle

is never a rhombus.

Who is correct, and why?

Area Examples:

Square Rhombus

Quadrilaterals in the Coordinate Plane

Becca has calculated the lengths of the sides of quadrilateral ABCD and found:

𝐴𝐵 = 10√6, 𝐵𝐶 = 10√6, 𝐶𝐷 = 10√6, and 𝐷𝐴 = 10√6.

How precisely could she classify this quadrilateral?

What other calculations would she need to be more precise in her classification?
 9-4: Trapezoids and Kites
Definition: A trapezoid is a quadrilateral Definition: An isosceles trapezoid is a
with exactly __________________ trapezoid with _______________
of parallel sides. legs.

Area of a trapezoid:

Area Examples:

Properties of Trapezoids (Theorems)

• The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are ____________________.

• The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are ____________________.

• Trapezoid Midsegment Theorem: the midsegment of a trapezoid is ____________________

to the bases and its length is _____________________________________________________.
 Definition: The area of a kite is one half the product of its
A kite is a quadrilateral with two pairs of diagonals.

________________________________________
sides and no ____________________________ 1
A = d1d 2
____________________ sides. 2
*not on the SOL
formula sheet!

Properties of Kites (Theorems)

• A kite has exactly one pair of ______________________________.

• The diagonals of a kite are ____________________.

• If a quadrilateral is a kite, then exactly one diagonal

________________________________.

Kites & Trapezoids in the Coordinate Plane

Give the coordinates for point P in each diagram without using any new variables.
trapezoid: kite: isosceles trapezoid:
Quadrilateral Relationships
Using what you now know about all the special types of quadrilaterals, label each section of the
Venn Diagram below to show the relationships among the types of quadrilaterals.

Word Bank
Isosceles
Trapezoid
Kite
Parallelogram
Quadrilateral
Rectangle
Rhombus
Square
Trapezoid