1.

1 PLANE AREAS

Problem #1

Find the area on the first quadrant bounded by 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis.

−𝑏
Find the vertex (h, k) using the formula 2𝑎

−𝑏 −6
ℎ= = =3
2𝑎 2(−1)
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
𝑘 = 𝑓(3) = 6(3) − 32 = 9

Vertex = (3, 9)

Find the boundaries by determining the

x – intercepts.
𝑓(𝑥) = 0
6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 0
𝑥(6 − 𝑥) = 0
𝑥=0 or x=6
The boundaries are a = 0 and b = 6

Solve for the area by integration

6
𝐴 = ∫ (6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 Answer
0

1 1 6 The area in the first quadrant under

𝐴 = [6 ( 𝑥 2 ) − ( 𝑥 3 )] the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 is equal to 36
2 3 0
square units
1 6
𝐴 = [3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ]
3 0
1 1
𝐴 = [3(6)2 − (6)3 ] − [3(0)2 − (0)3 ]
3 3
𝐴 = 36 − 0
𝐴 = 36 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

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Problem #2

Find the area bounded by the following: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 5.

−𝑏
Find the vertex (h, k) using the formula 2𝑎 𝒙=𝟓
−𝑏 0
ℎ= = =0 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
2𝑎 2(1)
𝑘 = 𝑓(3) = 02 − 3 = −3

Vertex = (0, -4)

Find the boundaries by determining the

x – intercepts.
𝑦=0
𝑥2 − 4 = 0
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥 = −2 or x=2

From the graph, we see that x = 2 is the boundary at a. The value x = -2 is a solution to the
equation but it is not the bounding area. The other boundary is given by the vertical line
x = 5.
Therefore, the boundaries are a = 2 and b = 5.

Solve for the area by integration

5
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑥 2 − 4)𝑑𝑥
2
Answer
1 5
𝐴 = [ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥] The area bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4,
3 2
𝑦 = 0, and x = 5 is equal to 27 square
1 1 units
𝐴 = [ (5)3 − 4(5)] − [ (2)3 − 4(2)]
3 3
65 16
𝐴= − (− )
3 3
𝐴 = 27 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

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Problem #3

Find the area of the region enclosed by the following curves:

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 1

Graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 by plotting the points

𝑥=1
x -1 0 1 2 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1

y 0.37 1 2.72 7.39 20.09

𝑥 = −1

−𝑏
Find the vertex (h, k) using the formula 2𝑎

−𝑏 0
ℎ= = =0
2𝑎 2(1)
𝑘 = 𝑓(0) = 02 − 1 = −1

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥

Vertex = (0, -1)

Based on the graph, the boundaries are

a = -1 and b = 1

Since the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 is above the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, to find the area:
1
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑒 𝑥 − (𝑥 2 − 1))𝑑𝑥
−1
1
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 1))𝑑𝑥 Answer
−1

1 The area of the region

1
𝐴 = [𝑒 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥]
𝑥
bounded by
3 −1
1 1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 ,
𝐴 = [𝑒 − (1)3 + 1] − [𝑒 −1 − (−1)3 + (−1)]
1
3 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1,
2 1 2
𝐴 = [𝑒 + ] − [ − ] 𝑥 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1
3 𝑒 3
is equal to
1 4
𝐴=𝑒− + 3𝑒 2 +4𝑒−3
𝑒 3 𝑜𝑟 3.68 square units
3𝑒

3𝑒 2 + 4𝑒 − 3
𝐴= 𝑜𝑟 3.68 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3𝑒

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Problem #4

Find the area of the region enclosed by the following curves:

𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦

−𝑏
Find the vertex (h, k) using the formula 2𝑎

−𝑏 0
ℎ= = =0
2𝑎 2(1)
𝑘 = 𝑓(0) = 02 − 2 = −2 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦

Vertex = (-2, 0)

Find the boundaries by determining the points

of intersection of both graphs. 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2
𝑦2 − 2 = 𝑦
𝑦2 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0
(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 + 1) = 0
𝑦=2 or y = −1

Therefore, the boundaries are

a = 1 and b = 2

Since 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 is the function on the right and 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2 is the function on the left, the
integral set-up should be:
2
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑦 − (𝑦 2 − 2))𝑑𝑦
−1 Answer
2
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 2)𝑑𝑦 The area of the region
−1 enclosed by
1 1 2 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦
𝐴 = [ 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 + 2𝑦]
2 3 −1
is equal to
1 1
𝐴 = [ (2) − (2)3 + 2(2)] − 9
2 3 square units
1 1 2
𝐴 = [ (−1) − (−1)3 + 2(−1)]
2 3
7 13
𝐴= − (− )
3 6
9
𝐴= 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2
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Problem #5

Find the area bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 1 and 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦 2

−𝑏
Find the vertex (h, k) using the formula 2𝑎
(For 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦 2 )
(For 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 1)
−𝑏 0
−𝑏 0 ℎ= = =0
ℎ= = =0 2𝑎 2(−1)
2𝑎 2(1)
𝑘 = 𝑓(0) = 1 − 02 = 1
𝑘 = 𝑓(0) = 02 − 1 = −1
Vertex = (1, 0)
Vertex = (-1, 0)

Find the boundaries by determining the

𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦2 𝑥 = 𝑦2 − 1
points of intersection of the curves
𝑦2 − 1 = 1 − 𝑦2
2𝑦 2 − 2 = 0
2(𝑦 2 − 1) = 0
2(𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 − 1) = 0
𝑦 = −1 or y=1

Since 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦 2 is the graph on the right and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 1 is the graph on the left, we find
the area by:
1
𝐴 = ∫ (1 − 𝑦 2 ) − (𝑦 2 − 1)𝑑𝑦
−1
2
Answer
𝐴 = ∫ (2 − 2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
−1
The area bounded by the
1 1 curves
𝐴 = [2𝑦 − 2 ( 𝑦 3 )]
3 −1
𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 1 and 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦 2
2 1
𝐴 = [2𝑦 − 𝑦 3 ] is equal to
3 −1
2 2 8
𝐴 = [2(1) − (1)3 ] − [2(−1) − (−1)3 ] square units
3 3 3
4 4
𝐴= − (− )
3 3
8
𝐴= 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3

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