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The Design of a Service-Level Architecture for Handling Big Data Using Mobile Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things -AOS

The document presents a proposed service-level architecture designed to manage big data generated by IoT devices through mobile cloud computing. It addresses challenges related to data storage, processing, interoperability, and heterogeneity, aiming to enhance device communication and integration across various services. The architecture seeks to provide a unified approach to big data management, ensuring efficient data handling and scalability in cloud environments.

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The Design of a Service-Level Architecture for Handling Big Data Using Mobile Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things -AOS

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar983

The Design of a Service-Level Architecture for

Handling Big Data Using Mobile Cloud
Computing and the Internet of Things -AOS
Muhire Eraston1; Dr. Bugingo Emmanuel2
1,2
Masters of Science with Honors in Information Technology at University of Kigali, Rwanda

Publication Date: 2025/03/31

Abstract: The rapid and continuous expansion of interconnected devices equipped with sensors and actuators, utilizing
diverse technologies, has led to an exponential increase in data generation. Effectively storing and processing this vast
amount of data necessitates advanced computational resources, which can be provided by mobile cloud computing systems.
The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has facilitated machine-to-machine communication, allowing extensive data
collection and prolonged storage for processing using robust cloud-based applications and big data analytics. However, there
is currently no established method for managing the enormous volume of data generated by IoT devices in a way that enables
seamless communication in both real-time and non-real-time contexts. This results in challenges related to heterogeneity
and interoperability. Addressing this issue requires the development of a reference architecture that integrates big data,
mobile cloud computing, and IoT, fostering device interoperability and heterogeneity. The proposed service-level
architecture aims to unify these technologies, demonstrating their interaction and facilitating scalability, integration, and
interoperability across various services. Ultimately, this architecture will provide an innovative approach to handling big
data within mobile cloud computing and IoT environments, ensuring seamless communication among devices from different
manufacturers.

How to Cite: Muhire Eraston; Dr. Bugingo Emmanuel. (2025). The Design of a Service-Level Architecture for Handling Big Data
Using Mobile Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things -AOS. International Journal of Innovative Science and
Research Technology, 10(3), 1560-1572. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar983.

I. INTRODUCTION II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

This chapter explores the convergence of big data, The tremendous continued increase in the
mobile cloud computing (MCC), and the Internet of Things interconnection of various devices fitted with sensors and
(IoT) by analyzing their definitions, operational frameworks, actuators, utilizing diverse technologies, results in the
and applications. It examines existing reference architectures generation of vast amounts of data. This data requires
that support the integration of these technologies, providing significant storage and processing capabilities, which mobile
both theoretical and empirical insights. This review serves as cloud computing systems can provide. The rise of the Internet
the foundation for developing a novel architecture tailored to of Things (IoT) has accelerated research into machine-to-
managing big data through MCC and IoT, addressing machine communication, enabling extensive data collection
contemporary technological challenges and opportunities. and long-term storage for cloud-based big data processing.
Additionally, this chapter defines key concepts essential for However, a major challenge remains: there is no standardized
understanding big data within the context of mobile cloud method to manage the enormous data volumes produced by
computing. The rapid adoption and expansion of cloud IoT in a way that ensures seamless communication in both
technology in 2022 have led to the emergence of numerous real-time and non-real-time scenarios. This leads to issues
cloud computing service providers offering various cloud- related to heterogeneity and lack of interoperability.
based solutions. These services range from on-demand
applications to database storage and other virtualized IT To address this, it is essential to design a reference
resources, eliminating the need for organizations to manage architecture that enables the effective handling of big data
infrastructure-related tasks such as installation, updates, through the integration of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)
backups, and security. and IoT. This integration will enhance device interoperability
and heterogeneity. The primary benefit of this study is that
the proposed service-level architecture will unify big data,
MCC, and IoT, illustrating their interconnections and
achieving integration, heterogeneity, scalability, and

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar983

interoperability across various services. Ultimately, the interoperability across different manufacturers and
designed architecture will facilitate the seamless management contributing to the scalability and efficiency of emerging
of big data using MCC and IoT, ensuring device technologies.

A. NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture

Fig 1: NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture

The National Institute of Standards and Technology identifies five key actors: cloud consumers, cloud carriers,
(NIST) cloud computing reference architecture primarily cloud brokers, cloud auditors, and cloud providers.
focuses on defining the requirements of cloud service Additionally, it outlines three service models: Infrastructure
providers rather than their implementation. However, it as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and
emphasizes essential aspects such as portability, Software as a Service (SaaS). (NIST Cloud Computing
interoperability, and security, along with guidelines and Reference Architecture, 2011)
standards, as illustrated in Figure 1. This architecture

Fig 2: The IBM Business Analytics and Optimization Reference Architecture

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IBM’s architecture supports processing large volumes Figure 2. Furthermore, it provides a platform for executing
of both structured and unstructured streaming data, including applications that filter and analyze data. It supports
video, television broadcasts, audio, emails, chat messages, continuous data integration from sources such as data
and transactional data. It serves as a guide for IBM sales, warehouses, cloud storage, and databases, allowing real-time
services, and professionals engaged in designing and updates without requiring system restarts. Additionally, it
deploying big data and analytics solutions. The architecture enables data integration by facilitating access to
categorizes IBM software products based on their capabilities heterogeneous data sources, ensuring seamless retrieval
within a big data and analytics framework, as depicted in regardless of location, format, or vendor. (Analytics, 2016)

B. Oracle Big Data Reference Architecture

Fig 3: Big Data & Analytics Reference Architecture

The architecture shown in Figure 3 above uses data analysis solution so as to accomplish its major objective
capabilities to provide a high description of the big data and of attaining high performance and scalability.

C. Big Data Ecosystem Architecture

Fig 4: Big Data Ecosystem Architecture

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Figure 4 shows the broad view of the variety of data unstructured data. It discusses the main capabilities required
stores for different data structures, different methods of for a more scoped view of Big Data, it also indicates the broad
search and query, and different algorithms and approaches to set of capabilities of the Big Data Ecosystem, technologies.
analyse, store, and recombine both structured and (The Open Group, 2016)

D. The Reference Architecture

Fig 5: IOT Reference Architecture

The Internet of Things at a very high level is not Figure 5 therefore focuses on options for dealing with
complicated. It all comes down to data, lots of data. By 2020 the massive amount of data that comes streaming in from
there will be hundreds of billions of devices connected to the connected devices. (Sqrrl‟s Take on the Big Data Ecosystem,
internet and feeding exabytes of data to the cloud daily. It is 2016)
the software that we create that will take that data and turn it
into business insight.

E. TMF Big Data Analytics Reference Architecture

Fig 6: TMF Big Data Analytics Reference Architecture

Figure 6 illustrates an architecture which provides lower It is a standard architecture for handling data ingestion,
cost effective for data storage with better processing data management, data analysis and real time stream
mechanism which has led to add value to existing data. processing being accessed in the big data repository.

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It is a streaming analytics platform that combines real- system and supports the scalability of devices connected to it
time streaming, discovery, analysis, visualization, and action, from different developers.
which drastically improves the high performance of the

Fig 7: Big Data Reference Architecture

Most Big Data projects use variations of Big Data objectives (Al Amin, 2020). In this study, both open-ended
reference architecture. Understanding the high-level view of and close-ended questionnaires were distributed to AOS Ltd
this reference architecture provides a good background for staff to collect quantitative insights on designing a service-
understanding Big Data and how it complements existing level architecture for big data management through mobile
analytics, big data intelligence, databases and systems. This cloud computing and IoT.
architecture is not a fixed, one-size-fits-all approach. Each
component of the architecture has at least several alternatives  Interview Guide
with its own advantages and disadvantages for a particular An interview guide comprises pre-formulated questions
workload. Companies often start with a subset of the patterns used during structured discussions. Interviews facilitate a
in this architecture, and as they realize value for gaining two-way exchange of ideas, allowing responses tailored to the
insight to key business outcomes, they expand the breadth of interviewee’s knowledge and expertise. (Wellman & Kruger,
use. (Daniel, 2017) 2019; JA, 2018)

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  Data Processing

Python serves as a robust tool for data analysis. This
A. Data Collection Methods and Instruments study utilizes Python libraries such as Pandas for data
cleaning, NumPy and SciPy for mathematical
 Questionnaire transformations, ensuring efficient big data processing within
A questionnaire is a structured tool designed to gather the research framework.
data on a research problem, aligning with the study’s

Fig 8: Conceptual Framework

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IV. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF understanding these demographic characteristics, a more

RESEARCH FINDINGS comprehensive interpretation of the data can be made.

This study's findings are examined and interpreted C. Respondents' Age

based on its clearly defined objectives: designing a robust Analyzing the age of respondents is crucial for
service-level architecture capable of efficiently managing the understanding the demographic makeup of the survey
massive data influx from IoT devices and mobile cloud sample. Age data provides valuable insights into generational
computing systems, developing advanced security measures trends, preferences, and behaviors. It allows for the profiling
to safeguard data integrity, confidentiality, and privacy, and of respondents into distinct generational cohorts, which can
optimizing the architecture to enhance resource utilization be useful in various domains such as marketing, policy
and operational efficiency. planning, and behavioral analysis. By analyzing these age-
related trends, the study can uncover potential correlations
A. Data Visualization and patterns that might influence the design and functionality
Data visualization refers to the graphic representation of of the service-level architecture.
information and data. It uses visual components such as
charts, graphs, and maps to provide an accessible way to D. Importance of Data Visualization in This Context
examine and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data. The use of data visualization tools is critical in this
By transforming raw data into a visual format, it helps context, as it aids in presenting complex information in an
identify key insights and facilitates decision-making. easily understandable format. Through the visualization of
respondents' age, experience, and other demographic data, the
B. Respondents' Demographic Profiles researcher can identify patterns and outliers that would
The researcher began the data analysis by focusing on otherwise be difficult to detect. This helps in drawing
the background characteristics of the respondents. These meaningful conclusions and tailoring the architecture to meet
profiles are based on factors such as service-level architecture the needs and preferences of the targeted user groups.
skills, abilities, age, gender, and years of experience. By

 Distribution of Respondents by Age

Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by Age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 18-30 160 73.7 73.7 73.7
31-45 40 18.4 18.4 92.2
46-55 10 4.6 4.6 96.8
55-65 7 3.2 3.2 100.0
Total 217 100.0 100.0

The age distribution of employees in the IT sector mid-career professionals who bring valuable experience. In
reveals a diverse workforce. A significant majority, 73.7%, contrast, the 46-65 age range makes up 7.8%, consisting of
are in the 18-30 age range, highlighting a strong presence of experienced employees who contribute their knowledge and
younger, tech-savvy professionals who contribute innovation expertise to data center operations. This distribution shows a
and adaptability to the organization. The 31-45 age group balanced mix of youthful innovation and seasoned experience
follows with 18.4%, representing a notable proportion of within the workforce.

 Distribution of Respondents by Qualifications

Table 2: Distribution of Respondents by Qualifications

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid A1 100 46.1 46.1 46.1
Bachelors 92 42.4 42.4 88.5
Masters 15 6.9 6.9 95.4
PHD 10 4.6 4.6 100.0
Total 217 100.0 100.0

The educational background of respondents across a PhD. This suggests a notable presence of highly educated
various sectors shows a diverse distribution. A significant employees, which contributes specialized expertise and
majority, 88.5%, hold undergraduate qualifications, with leadership within the organization. The presence of educated
46.1% having an A1 level and 42.4% holding bachelor’s individuals enhances the accuracy and quality of the data,
degrees. This indicates a solid foundation of technical ensuring that the responses gathered are reliable and can
knowledge and skills among employees. Additionally, 6.9% inform the development of effective solutions for the
of respondents have attained a master's degree, and 4.6% hold community. Distribution of Respondents by Experience.

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Table 3: Distribution of Respondents by Experience

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Less than 1 year 30 13.8 13.8 13.8
1-2 years 71 32.7 32.7 46.5
3-5 years 91 41.9 41.9 88.5
More than 5 years 25 11.5 11.5 100.0
Total 217 100.0 100.0

The experience levels of respondents in the domain 3-5 years of experience, which reflects a significant number
exhibit a varied distribution. Around 13.8% have less than of mid-career professionals with a solid foundation in the
one year of experience, representing individuals who are still field. Finally, 11.5% of respondents have more than 5 years
becoming acquainted with the field. Approximately 32.7% of experience, showcasing a smaller but highly experienced
have 1-2 years of experience, indicating a growing group of group that is likely contributing valuable expertise and
early-career professionals. The largest segment, 41.9%, has leadership within the organization.

E. Relationship of Respondent’s Age and Experience Matter Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Table 4: Relationship between Age and Experience

Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .701a .492 .489 .51628
a. Predictors: (Constant), How many years of experience do you have in managing mobile cloud computing systems?

Table 5: Correlation Significant

ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 55.459 1 55.459 208.068 .000b
Residual 57.306 215 .267
Total 112.765 216
a. Dependent Variable: Respondent's age
b. Predictors: (Constant), How many years of experience do you have in managing mobile cloud computing systems?
Correlations
mexe How can the How can a robust service
architecture be level architecture be
optimized to designed to effeciently
enhance resource handle the massive data
utilization and influx from IoT devices
operational and mobile cloud
efficiency? computing systems?
Kendall's tau_b How can the architecture be Correlation 1.000 .636**
optimized to enhance resource Coefficient
utilization and operational Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
efficiency? N 217 217
How can a robust service level Correlation .636** 1.000
architecture be designed to Coefficient
effeciently handle the massive Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
data influx from IoT devices N 217 217
and mobile cloud computing
systems?
Spearman's rho How can the architecture be Correlation 1.000 .658**
optimized to enhance resource Coefficient
utilization and operational Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
efficiency? N 217 217
How can a robust service level Correlation .658** 1.000
architecture be designed to Coefficient
efficiently handle the massive Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
data influx from IoT devices N 217 217
and mobile cloud computing
systems?
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

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This table indicates that the Correlation Coefficient of Interpreting this interdependency between the
0.636 demonstrates a strong positive correlation between the objectives: the results reveal that enhancing resource
two variables. This suggests that efforts to optimize resource utilization and operational efficiency is intrinsically tied to
utilization and operational efficiency are closely aligned with designing robust architectures for handling the large data
the design of robust service-level architectures for handling influx from IoT and mobile cloud systems. Improvements in
IoT and mobile cloud data. The Significance (p-value) of one area, such as operational efficiency, are likely to lead to
0.000 indicates that the correlation is statistically significant advancements in the other, like the robustness of the
at the 0.01 level, meaning that the observed relationship is architecture. This highlights the interconnectedness of these
unlikely to be due to chance. factors in creating an effective system.

Additionally, based on the Spearman's rho Correlation Refined data analysis insights and correlations further
Coefficient of 0.658, there is a slightly stronger positive illustrate the importance of addressing both optimization and
correlation compared to Kendall's Tau-B. This reinforces the robustness simultaneously to achieve an efficient and scalable
strong relationship between the two questions. The service-level architecture.
Significance (p-value) of 0.000 further confirms the statistical
significance of the correlation, indicating a high level of
confidence in the observed linkage.

Fig 9: Summary Architecture

Based on the above graph shows that Robustness is the strongly correlated with Challenges (0.66) and Measures
highest-rated aspect (4.29), reflecting strong confidence in (0.67), suggesting their importance in creating a robust
the system's robustness. Challenges and Measures are well- architecture. so optimization and Scalability (0.96) are
addressed (~4.0).and Optimization and Scalability are viewed interdependent, emphasizing the need for integrated
as crucial and closely linked (~3.9). Metrics, with the lowest strategies. for metrics moderately correlate with Robustness
score (3.87), highlight the need for better evaluation and (0.65), underscoring the role of effective evaluation in
system assessment mechanisms. This means Robustness is improving overall system performance.

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F. Cross Tabs Results

Table 6: Table Shows Number of Respondents and their Opinion with their Respective Numbers and Departments
What evaluation metrics and benchmarks can be established to assess the performance, scalability, and reliability of the
proposed architecture in real-world scenarios?: Total
Count
How can a robust service-level architecture be Total
designed to effeciently handle the massive data
influx from IoT devices and mobile cloud
computing systems?
Neutral Effectively Very
effectively
Please specify your role or Help Desk/ QA 15 0 0 15
job title within the Datacenter Administrator 2 23 0 25
organization? Network Administrator 0 10 0 10
Customers 0 87 70 157
Cybersecurity 0 0 10 10
Total 17 120 80 217

Fig 10: Respondents with Qualifications

From the above figure 10. highlights the importance of analyzed across respondent qualifications (A1, Bachelors,
evaluation metrics and architectural approaches for and Masters). Respondents with higher qualifications
addressing challenges in IoT and mobile cloud systems, (Masters)

 Interaction between BD, MCC&IOT

Fig 11: Interaction between BD, MCC & IOT

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Internet of things generate and produce data through the devices that use data from the cloud computing will also need
use of Actuators and sensors; however, they have limited the storage and processing power of the big data and in the
storage capacity and low processing power so they use the end, they may be termed as Internet of things. These three
services of the Big Data system to store and process the data technologies are interdependent and they thus need to
that will be stores in the cloud and accessed by mobile devices collaborate and interoperate so as to integrate their
in various applications. It is also imperative to say that mobile functionalities while communicating with efficiency.

 Big Data Classifications

Fig 12: Big Data Classifications

 Data Sources  Introduction

Web Data & social media Web pages, blogs and online Figure 13 represents the proposed architecture design
articles are the sources of both structured and unstructured for handling big data using Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)
data that include text, videos and images. and the Internet of Things (IoT). The components and layers
of the architecture are thoroughly explained. This design is
Messaging services and status updates in social media unique because it integrates three emerging technologies—
are some of the data types from social interaction. Big Data (BD), MCC, and IoT—highlighting their
interdependence. The integration of these technologies is
Proposed Big data architecture essential, as each one cannot function optimally without the
others.

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The architecture fosters collaboration among these This architecture is designed to be open and flexible,
technologies while ensuring high security and effective able to integrate with any technology, policies, and standards.
management of resources and services. As a result, the It is adaptable to various products and services from diverse
designed architecture enables high performance by efficiently audiences, as it employs Open System Interconnection (OSI)
accommodating the heterogeneity of various components, protocols and adheres to the regulations and guidelines
which ultimately supports the seamless interoperability of established by international standards organizations. This
services. openness ensures that the architecture remains scalable and
can evolve as new technologies emerge.

Fig 13: A Service Level Big Data Architecture using MCC and IOT

G. Key Features of this Service Lever Architecture: The model illustrated in Figure 14 highlights the
importance of the layers above the link layer. One of the core
 Device Layer: Supports low-power IoT devices, strengths of this communication model lies in its ability to
existing IoT devices, and IP-capable devices, allowing ensure interoperability between diverse networks. The
interoperability across heterogeneous hardware and subsequent sections provide details on the various layers,
Standardization of protocols and communication ensures explaining how each is designed to meet specific
that devices, regardless of their manufacturer, can requirements of the reference model.
seamlessly communicate Communication stack.
 Physical Layer: The physical layer remains consistent
This model aims at mimicking the ISO/OSI stack, but it with the OSI model definition, which is critical to ensure
puts the focus on IoT systems requirements and that no technology is excluded, and that emerging
characteristics IoT communication stack. solutions can still be integrated into the reference
framework.

H. Performance of the Designed Architecture

The architecture designed to handle big data using IoT
and MCC is built to address input and output bottlenecks, as
it is highly data-intensive and capable of processing large
volumes of data from multiple applications. By integrating
emerging technologies, the architecture facilitates smooth
collaboration among different services, ensuring
interoperability across devices and accommodating diverse
and substantial data flows. This design adheres to most
established standards, protocols, and policies, making it a
convenient and effective solution for its target audience to
adopt in their business strategies.

Fig 14: Communication Stack

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V. CONCLUSION 01.ibm.com/software/data/infosphere/bigdataanalytic
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