Science and

Technology,
and Nation
Building
 Learning Objectives
• Discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine
nation-building;
• evaluate government policies pertaining to science and
technology in terms of their contributions to nation
building; and
• identify actual science and technology policies of the
government and appraise their impact on the development
of the Filipino nation.
 Brief historical background of Science and
Technology in the Philippines
Even before the time of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, various
people and communities already practiced science. They invented tools and
built structures, studied the medical uses of plants, observed heavenly
bodies to predict seasons and weather, and used indigenous science in
agriculture. These are considered indigenous science, which is one of the
foundations of modern science.
The growth of science and its development as a field in the country is a
hybrid of indigenous and foreign ideas. Spain and the United States, being
the former colonial masters of the country, played an important role in building
the foundation of science in the Philippines.
To further strengthen the science program in the Philippines, the
government establishes various science programs, policies, and projects
3 PHASES OF OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
IN THE PHILIPPINES.

● PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
● COLONIAL PERIOD
● POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD ( Before Spaniards
and American Colonization)
- Early Filipino inhabitants develop their own way of
understanding about SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY.
● Use Plants in Medication
● Farming System and animal-raising
● develop different system of Terrestrial and Maritime
Transportation.
- Cordilleras Natives build Rice Terraces by hands and
used Irrigations.
COLONIAL PERIOD
Colonization of Spaniards
● provide modern means of Constructions through
Engineering tools and skills.
● introduced Educational System enjoyed by the Principalia
class.
American Occupation
● Establish Government agencies “ Bureau of Science”
● inclined towards agriculture, food system, medicine and
pharmacy.
● established educational system ( Engineering works and
health). UP, PNU, PUP, TUP, PGH.
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
- Presidential support in development of Science and Technology in
the Philippines.
- Late President Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
● Established and Strengthen many Science related Agencies
( National Kidney and Transplant Institute, PHC, LCOP -and LRT)
● PAGASA in replacement of Weather Bureau
● National Services and Development Board or DOST ( present)
work-learn- round to share
- group of 7 with 6 members
- each group will receive a picture of Former President of the
Philippines.
- identify the name of the president (as group)
- research on what project and contribution they have interms of
S&T.
- WITHIN 5 MINUTES completes all information written in a manila
paper.
- choose 1 representatives that will go round in each group to
gathered information.
- i
FERDINAND E. MARCOS SR.
- The role of Science and Technology in
National Development was emphasized.

- He mandated the DECS, to promote

science coursesin public high schools.

- He proclaimed the 35-hectare lot in

Bicutan, Taguig as the Philippines Science
Community, now the site of DOST.
 FERDINAND E. MARCOS SR.
He assigned the PHILIPPINE COCONUT
RESEARCH INSTITUTE (PHILCORIN) to
promote the modernization of the
coconut industry.
- Several agencies and organizations were
established like NFA, PAGASA, & NAST
(National Academy of Science and
Technology).
- To be the reservoir of Science and
Technological expertise in the country..
- Phi. Sci. H.S. Mindanao & Visayas
campuses were established.
CORAZON C. AQUINO
- IN 1986, NAST was renamed
DOST.
- This was done in order for the
science and technology sector be
presented in the cabinet and
thus play a vital role in the
countries sustainable economic
recovery and growth.
CORAZON C. AQUINO
The Science and Technology Project
plan penned by the DOST aimed to
update the production sector,
improved research, and develope
Infrastructure for S&T sector.
The DOST assigned cabinet level that
includes the following:

1. PAGASA
2. PHILVOCS
3. The Philippines Science Highschool
System.
FIDEL VALDEZ RAMOS
- During his time, the Philippines had
approximately 3,000 competent scientist
and engineers.
- “Doctors to the Barrio” Program was
made healthcare accessible in far-flung
areas.
- “ National program for Gifted Filipino in
Science and Technology”.to all HS
students who planned to take Science and
technology courses in College .
Laws related to Science and Technology was
madated such as;

1. RA 7687- S&T Scholarship Act of 1994

2. RA 7459- Investors and inventions
incentives Act
3. RA 8293- The Intellectual Property
Code of the Philippines.
JOSEPH M. EJERCITO ESTRADA.
- RA 8749- The Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999.
- RA 8792-The Electronic Commerce Act of
2000 that both signed and mandated during
his Term.
- He was also responsible for implementing
cost-effective irrigation technologies and
providing basic health care service for those
who cannot afford
GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
- During her term, Science and
Technology sector were develop to
stregthen the education system and to
address poverty.
- “ Filipinovation” was coined tor reffer
the Philippines as an Innovation Hub in
Asia.
- Promulgated RA 9367 : Biofuel Act to
utilize indigenous material as a source of
energy.
- Farmers was encourage to use rice that
can withstand environmental hazard.
GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
- RA 10601: Agricultural &
fisheries Mechanization Law.
- To modernized the equipment
in agriculture and Fesheries.
BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III.

- He named new National

Scientist;
1. Gavino C. Trono- Marine
Biology
2. Angel C. Alcala: Biological
Science
3. Ramon C. Barba: Horticulture
4. Edgardo D. Gomez:Marine
Biology.
BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III.
- Project “ Nationwide Operational
Assessment of Hazards ( NOAH).
- More integrated and responsive
system deals with disasters.
- Initiated K-12 (STEM)
- PHILVOCS has also came up with
the Valley Fault System Atlas.(
Large Scale Map of Fault lines)
RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
S&T sector is seen to be a priority based on
the budget for research & Development
(R&D).
- Formulating of programs & Policies that
will aid in shaping the country.
- The Philippine Space Technology
Program. Was lounched Diwata-2 in
2018 after the launched of Diwata 1 in
2016. That displayed the Philippine Flag
in space .
RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
- Give importance in Agriculture and
disaster preparedness.
- Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11363,
which established the Philippine Space
Agency (PhilSA) in 2019. The creation of
this agency was a landmark
achievement, as it aimed to promote
space exploration, satellite technology,
and the development of space-related
technologies for various applications
such as disaster management,
agriculture, and communication.
RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
- Digital Transformation
- The government under Duterte also put
efforts into advancing the digital
economy. This includes projects to
improve the country's ICT infrastructure,
such as efforts to expand internet
connectivity in rural areas.
The NCRP clustered these policies
into four namely:
1.SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, EDUCATION,
INTERNATIONAL POLICIES AND GOVERNANCE

▪ Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education

without adding to the curriculum
▪ Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
▪ Developing school infrastructure and providing for
ICT broadband
▪ Local food security
 2. PHYSICS, ENGINEERING AND
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, EARTH AND
SPACE SCIENCES, AND MATHEMATICS
▪ Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment
opportunities
▪ Outright grants for peer monitoring
▪ Review of R.A. 9184
▪ (Government Procurement Reform Act, requires all procuring
entities implementing government infrastructure projects to
evaluate the performance of their contractors using the NEDA-
approved Contructors Performance Evaluation System (CPES)
guidelines for the type of project being implemented.)
▪ Harnessing science and technology as an independent
mover of development
 3. MEDICAL, CHEMICAL, AND
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
▪ Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms
with ASEAN-harmonized standards by full
implementation of Food and Drug Administration
▪ Creating an education council dedicated to
standardization of pharmaceutical services and care
Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct
evidence-based research as pool of information
▪ Allocating two percent of the GDP to research
▪ Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
 4. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,
AGRICULTURE, AND FORESTRY
▪ Protecting and conserving biodiversity by
full implementation of existing laws
▪ Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN
countries
▪ Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and
indigenous people's conservation
▪ Formulation of common food and safety
standards
There are also other
existing programs
supported by the
Philippine
government through
the DOST.

Some of these
projects are the
following:
✔PROVIDING FUNDS FOR BASIC
RESEARCH AND PATENTS RELATED
TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
✔The government funds basic and
applied researches. Funding of these
research and projects are also from
the Overseas Development Aid (ODA)
from different countries.

✔PROVIDING SCHOLARSHIPS FOR

UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE
STUDIES OF STUDENTS IN THE
FIELD OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY.
✔Saloma (2015) pointed out that the
country needs to produce more
doctoral graduates in the field of
science and technology, and produce
more research in these fields,
including engineering.
✔ESTABLISHING MORE BRANCHES
OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE
HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM for
training young Filipinos
in the field of science
and technology.

✔CREATING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY PARKS to
encourage academe and
industry partnerships.
✔BALIK SCIENTIST PROGRAM
✔to encourage Filipino
scientists abroad to come
home and work in the
Philippines or conduct
research and projects in
collaboration with
Philippine-based
scientists.

✔DEVELOPING SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY PARKS
✔in academic campuses to
encourage academe and
industry partnerships
✔ THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE COMPLEX
AND NATIONAL ENGINEERING COMPLEX WITHIN THE
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINE CAMPUS IN DILIMAN.
✔These aimed to develop more science and technology and
engineering manpower resources needed by the country.
They also aimed produce more researches in the fields.

NATIONAL SCIENCE COMPLEX NATIONAL ENGINEERING COMPLEX

 There are many other areas
and fields that the country is
looking forward to embark various
research and projects.
The following are some of
them:
1. Use of alternative and safe
energy
2. Harnessing mineral resources
3. Finding cure for various
diseases and illness
4. Climate change and global
warming
5. Increasing food production
6. Preservation of natural
resources
7. Coping with natural disasters
and calamities
8. Infrastructure development
 Famous Filipino in the field of
Science
Lee Chua (2000) identified the outstanding
Filipino scientists who have made significant
contributions in the Philippine science.
These scientists are also famous abroad
especially in different science disciplines:
agriculture, mathematics, physics, medicine, marine
science, chemistry, engineering, and biology.
1. Ramon Cabanos Barba
for this outstanding
research on tissue culture
in Philippine mangoes

2. Josefino Casas Comiso - for his

works on observing the
characteristics of
Antarctica by using
satellite images
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz - notable
for her research on sea
snail venom

5. Gregory Ligot Tangonan - for

his research in the
field of communications
technology

Gregory Tangonan Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications

- Justia Patents Search
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit - for 6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero
his research on III - for his
herbal medicine research on tilapia
culture
7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.
- for inventing in the
meconium drug testing

8. Lilian Formalejo Patena

- for doing research on
plant biotechnology