Basketball Basics for New Players and Coaches -- Learn the

Basic Rules, Concepts, Court Layout, and Player Positions

The rules of basketball, thankfully, are fairly straightforward.

However, if you’re coaching younger players, these rules can be easily

forgotten once they take the floor.

The three-second rule (which we’ll discuss later in this article) is just one of many
great examples.

But before you can teach the rules to your team, you must know them yourself.

So keep reading, because by the end of this article, you’ll be up to speed on all
the basketball rules so you can teach your players and help them develop
throughout the season!

The Rules
Basketball is a team sport.

Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop
elevated 10 feet above the ground.

The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a

hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-

court line.

If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten
seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line.

If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball.

Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer
have possession of the ball in the area behind the midcourt line.

If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.

 Basketball Court 1

The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling.
The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called
the defense.

The defense tries to steal the ball, contest shots, deflect passes, and garner rebounds.

Points
When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other
team.

If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that
basket is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point.

Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats involving the
number of fouls committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed.

Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws being awarded the
shooter, depending upon where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the
three-point line, then he gets three shots.

Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain
number have accumulated during a half (called “team fouls”).

Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-
and-1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second.
If he misses the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.
Game Clock
Each game is divided into sections, and all levels

have two halves. In college, each half is twenty

minutes long.

In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and sometimes, six)
minute quarters. In
the pros, quarters are twelve minutes long.

There is a gap of several minutes between halves. Gaps between quarters are
relatively short.

If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various
lengths are played until a winner emerges.

Basket Assignment and Tip-Off

Also, each team is assigned a basket or goal

to defend. This means that the other basket

is their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams

switch goals.

The game begins with one player from either team at center court.

A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands
on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off.

Fouls and Violations

In addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other ways
for a team to get the ball.

One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.

FOULS

Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any

type of illegal physical contact.

Hitting
Pushing
Slapping
 Holding
Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive
player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an
attempt to block the path of the defender.

Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled then he gets two free
throws if
his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.

Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a
three-point goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting
a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus,
he could score four points on the play.

Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul
was committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out
of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.

One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the
game, then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he
makes his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.

Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls,
then the fouled player receives two free throws.

Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs

over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was
committed upon.

Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not

establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.

Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and
punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining
possession of the ball after the free throws.

Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player
with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.

Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of
foul. It does not involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the
'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even
arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding
filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.
VIOLATIONS
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball
is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.

Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to
the side of or, sometimes, even under the ball.

Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same
time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.

Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of
the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle,
the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on
a rotating basis.

Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way
down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having
touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's
goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a
violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.

Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court
line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball
is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds.

Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass
the ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time
restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have the ball for more than
five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and levels,
shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time
frame.
]

Player Positions
Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the
basket.

Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are
also responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open
other players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to
get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.

Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents

from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are
expected to get a lot of rebounds because they're taller.

Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a
forward may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required
to operate in the wings and corner areas.

Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside
shots, drive for goals, and rebound.

Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.

Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really
good at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the
ball down the court and set up offensive plays.

Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's

main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to
shoot from the perimeter.

Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes,

contesting shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.
Where Should New Coaches Start?
Now that you understand the fundamentals, the smartest plan you can follow
from here is to help players develop those skills with structured drills and
practices.
Giving players structure with simple plays designed for youth athletes

It even includes diagrams and step-by-step instructions so you can help your
players develop AND have fun doing it...

Even if you have little or no basketball (or coaching) experience.

P.S. Here are a few additional resources to help you master basketball fundamentals:

Shooting
Passing
Dribbling
Lay ups
Jump
stops
Pivoting and
footwork Jab steps
Screenin
g Cutting
Defense
Reboundi
ng

These are all critical fundamentals to master because they'll make you and
your team better, no matter what age level or situation you might be in.