Contents

Welcome! pp.4–9 Vocabulary Grammar Speaking

1 Skillful living
pp.10–20
▸ Skills and abilities
▸ Degrees of ability
▸ Present perfect /
simple past
▸ Ask for repetition and
clarification
▸ Future forms Skill focus: Ask for
repetition and clarification

2 Crime in art
and life
▸ Criminal offences
▸ Crime and criminals
▸ Past perfect
▸ Tag questions
▸ Report a theft
Skill focus: Use sentence
stress to express meaning
pp.22–32

Review A My progress 1 p.21 My progress 2 p.33

    
3 On the money!
pp.36–46
▸ Money
▸ Spending
▸ Passive voice: present,
past and future
▸ Participate in a job
interview
▸ -ing form and base form Skill focus: Take turns
effectively

4 Digital life
pp.48–58
▸ Technology nouns
▸ Technology verbs
▸ Third conditional
▸ wish and should have to
▸ Apologize and accept an
apology
express regret Skill focus: Use intonation
to express regret

Review B My progress 3 p.47 My progress 4 p.59

    
5 Media matters
pp.62–72
▸ Advertising (1)
▸ Advertising (2)
▸ Reported speech:
statements
▸ Express annoyance and
disbelief
▸ Reported speech: Skill focus: Use functional
questions and commands phrases to react to news

6 Food for
thought
▸ Describing food
▸ Preparing food
▸ Count and noncount
nouns
▸ Describe an experience
Skill focus: Maintain a
conversation
pp.74–84 ▸ Noncount nouns:
collocations
▸ Permission and ability:
can, could, and be able to

Review C My progress 5 p.73 My progress 6 p.85

    
Exam practice pp.88–93 Projects 1—2 pp.94–97
    
Workbook Unit 1 pp.W2–W8 Unit 2 pp.W9–W15 Unit 3 pp.W16–W22
    
    
two

2
 Listening Reading Writing Global skills

Contents
▸ Understand an interview ▸ Understand a blog ▸ Write an article about ▸ Understand the
about endangered post about non-spoken learning languages value of empathy
languages languages Skill focus: Generate ideas:
Skill focus: Recognize large Skill focus: Recognize the use make a list
numbers and dates of comment adverbs

▸ Understand a short ▸ Understand information ▸ Write a paragraph of a ▸ Understand how

detective story about a literary genre crime story to express yourself
Skill focus: Note down key Skill focus: Understand the Skill focus: Use language creatively
words purpose of a text appropriate to text purpose

Extra practice p.34 Extra communication p.35 Group Chat p.35

▸ Understand a conversation ▸ Understand an article ▸ Write an opinion article ▸ Understand how

about bills about currencies about shopping habits spending habits
Skill focus: Understand Skill focus: Use text Skill focus: Plan and affect well-being
feelings from tone of voice organization to find organize ideas
information

▸ Understand a podcast ▸ Understand an article ▸ Write a “for and ▸ Understand social

about famous people in about social media against” essay media etiquette
computing addiction Skill focus: Use paragraphs
Skill focus: Distinguish main Skill focus: Identify the steps to organize your writing
ideas from supporting ideas in a process

Extra practice p.60 Extra communication p.61 Group Chat p.61

▸ Understand a talk about ▸ Understand an article ▸ Write a summary ▸ Understand how

fake news about satire and Skill focus: Summarize to analyze and
Skill focus: Identify linking censorship information from text evaluate information
words and relationships Skill focus: Recognize topic sources objectively
between ideas sentences

▸ Understand a talk about ▸ Understand an article ▸ Write a social ▸ Understand the

culture shock about food festivals media post power of positive
Skill focus: Identify genre, Skill focus: Decide on the Skill focus: Decide on text action
audience and purpose importance of unknown words type, audience and features

Extra practice p.86 Extra communication p.87 Group Chat p.87

Word list pp.98–100

Unit 4 pp.W23–W29 Unit 5 pp.W30–W36 Unit 6 pp.W37–W43

three
  
  
3
 We lcome!

Goals and dreams Look

1 001 Read and listen. Who is most similar to you, Dream of is a stative verb (like want, need, like, etc.).
Filip, Noya, Tom, or Maria? Why is Maria tired? We don’t usually use stative verbs in the progressive
form.
Filip Hi, 1has anyone seen Maria? She’s usually here
by now.
Noya and Tom No. 2 001 Listen again. Who is it? Write Filip, Noya,

Filip That’s strange. Anyway, have you had a good Tom, or Maria.
summer so far? 1 Filip wants to buy something expensive.
Tom Yes! 2I’ve learned how to play the bass guitar! 2 Maria is preparing for a sports event.
How about you two? 3 Noya is getting ready for a performance.
Noya That’s cool! Yeah, I’ve been busy with my theater 4 Tom can do something new.
club. 3We’ve been working on a musical.
5 Filip has earned some money over the
Tom Great! 4I was in a musical last year. I loved it!
summer vacation.
Noya We’re going to perform it at the Little Theater.
Filip You’re braver than me! I haven’t acted since I was 3 Complete the phrases with the words in the box.
about seven and I’m not planning on doing it again!
Noya Really? I love it! 5I’ve dreamed of being on stage for learn train for dream of work on rehearse
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
as long as I can remember. And I dream of being a save up for
famous actor! We’ve been rehearsing almost every
day since June. The first show’s next week. Come
1 save up for a new bicycle
and see it! 2 learn how to do something
Tom I’d love to! 3 train for a race
Filip Is it free? 4 rehearse a play
Noya No. Tickets are $6.00 each. We’ve sold about 50 5 work on a project
so far.
6 dream of appearing on TV
Filip $6.00!
Noya That’s cheaper than a movie ticket! 4 Pairwork Ask and answer about your goals and
Filip Well, I haven’t been spending any money lately! I’ve dreams right now.
been saving up for a new phone. I lost my old one at
the end of last semester. Are you saving up for anything right now?
Noya How much have you saved?
Filip About $130. Yes, I’m trying to save enough money
Tom Well, that’s good. for a bike. / No, not really.
Filip Yeah, I’ve been walking my neighbor’s dog. Anyway,
where’s Maria? She’s going to be late.
Tom She’ll be here soon, I’m sure. She’s been training for Check it out
a 5k race, so … Find these words and phrases and check their
Filip Really? How long has she been doing that? meanings.
Tom For about six weeks, I think. Oh, look, here she is! bass guitar dreamed of rehearsing
 ​
 ​
Maria Hi, everyone! Phew! Sorry I’m late! saving up for training for Phew!
four

 ​
 ​
4
 W
Simple past / present perfect / 10 Complete the dialogue with the simple past, present

Welcome!
perfect, or present perfect progressive form of the
present perfect progressive verbs in parentheses.
5 Match the highlighted sentences (1–5) in the text Sam Hi, we 1haven’t met (not / meet) before.
with the rules (a–e) below. I’m Sam.
Simple past
Meg Hi, I’m Meg.
Sam Are you new here?
a Use the simple past to talk about finished
Meg No. I 2moved (move) here with my
actions in finished time periods. 4 family about a year ago.
Present perfect Sam Oh, OK. So, how do you spend your free time,
Use the present perfect: Meg?
b to give news about recent events. 2 Meg I’m in a rock band with some friends.
Sam Awesome! What do you do?
c to talk about finished actions in unfinished time Meg I play the guitar. But I 3’ve started (start)
periods. 1 writing songs, too. I 4’ve almost finished
d with since, for, and How long …? to talk about (almost / finish) a new one.
the duration of a situation which began in the It 5’s taken (take) me ages.
past and continues in the present. 5 Sam How long 6have you been working on
(you / work on) it?
Present perfect progressive
Meg About three months!
e Use the present perfect progressive to talk about Sam Oh, really? I 7’ve never learned (never /
an action or activity which began in the past and learn) how to play a musical instrument. In fact,
continues in the present. 3 I prefer sports. I 8’ve been doing (do)
tae kwon do since I was about 5.
6 Look back at the text. Circle the verbs in the present
perfect. Then underline the verbs in the present 11 Groupwork In large groups, ask questions and write
perfect progressive. names. Ask follow-up questions to find out more
information. Use present perfect questions to ask
7 Choose the correct alternatives. Then find examples about experiences and duration. Use the simple past
of for and since in the text. when asking about the details of past events.
We use for / since + a period of time.

8
We use for / since + a point in time.

Complete the diagram with the phrases in the box.

Find someone who …
has been saving up for something for a long
two months March 2004 three days
time.
 ​
 ​
 ​
I was very young half an hour the end of December
 ​
 ​
 ​
six o’clock a long time Tuesday half my life has had some good news.
 ​
 ​
 ​
has dreamed of being famous.
Since For
March 2004, two months, has never learned how to play a musical
I was very young, three days, instrument.
the end of half an hour, has been rehearsing or practicing something.
December, a long time,
six o’clock, half my life
has been training for something.
Tuesday

9 Choose the correct alternatives.

1 We practiced / have practiced the dance yesterday,
but we didn’t practice / haven’t practiced it today.
Shall we do it now? Let’s do it now.
2 a Guess what? I ’ve finally learned / ’ve finally been

learning how to walk on my hands!
b Awesome! I ’ve learned / ’ve been learning how

to do a handstand, but I still can’t do it.
3 Martin ’s trained / ’s been training for the tennis
Challenge
championship for ages now. He ’s trained / ’s been
training for events before, but he’s never worked as Write some sentences about one of the people you
five

spoke to in exercise 11.

hard as this.

5
 Welcome!

Obligation and advice 2 002 Listen again. Decide if the sentences are true (T)
or false (F).
1 002 Read and listen. Which is the biggest problem?
1 Jade thinks she is allowed to paint her room. T
1
2 Elsa thinks Omar needs to get a new homework
Jade I’m fed up with my bedroom. It’s so messy!
page. F
Kendis You ought to clean it.
3 Omar can’t use the Internet to research life in the
Jade Yeah, I guess so. But I hate the color of the walls,
1960s. T
too. They’re so boring!
Kendis You should decorate it. I’ll help you. I love 4 Luke is going to repair Max’s shirt. F
painting! 5 Anita doesn’t want Fabio to go into the house. T
Jade Really? OK. I’ll ask Mom and Dad. I’m sure they’ll 6 Neelam needs to ride her bike to school today. F
say yes.
2
Omar Oh, no! I’ve torn my homework page! I’ll have to
Problems and solutions
ask Mr. Walker for another one. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
Elsa If I were you, I’d tape it together again. It’ll be words in the box.
fine. Anyway, what is your homework?
Omar I need to write an article about life in the 1960s. call decorate fed up with fix messy sew tape
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
And we aren’t allowed to use the Internet! clean tear
 ​
Elsa Why not?
1 I cleaned my bedroom this morning. Look how
Omar We have to interview people we know.
neat it is!
Elsa You should talk to my grandma. She has a lot of
2 I’ve just called 911. They’ll be here soon!
stories about when she was younger.
3 I’ve never sewn a button on.
3
4 Have you ever broken something and taped
Max Oh! This button just came off my shirt.
it together again?
Luke Well, you’d better sew it on again!
Max Um … OK. How do I do that? 5 My bedroom is very messy , but I’m too tired to
Luke You don’t know how to sew a button on? clean it now.
Max Um, no. 6 I’ve been helping my cousins decorate their new
Luke Well, you should learn! I’ll show you! house.
4 7 I know how to fix a flat tire.
Fabio Oh, my gosh! Look at all that smoke coming out 8 I’ve never torn an expensive piece of clothing.
of that house. 9 I’m fed up with this rainy weather.
Anita That looks bad. I’ll call 911.
Fabio I think I should go into the house. There might 4 Pairwork Talk about whether the sentences in
be someone in there! exercise 3 are true for you.
Anita No! You mustn’t go in there. We have to stay
Number 1 isn’t true for me. I didn’t
calm and wait for the firefighters.
clean my bedroom this morning.
5
Neelam Oh, no! My bike has a flat tire! Me neither. / Oh, I did!
Shira I’ll help you. I’m good at fixing flat tires. Where’s
your repair kit? Check it out
Neelam It’s OK. We don’t have to fix it right now. I can
Find these words and phrases and check their meanings.
take the bus to school.
torn tape it together fed up with
 ​
 ​
sew it on flat tire repair kit
six

 ​
 ​
6
 W
5

Welcome!
Complete the sentences with words from
Study strategy
the text.
Make grammar personal
Giving advice When you learn a new grammar structure, use it to write
sentences that are true for you. It’s easier to remember
You 1 should talk to my grandma.
things that are connected to your life.
You 2 ought to clean it.
If I 3
were you, I 4
’d tape it together 10 Read the Study strategy. Then write five sentences
again. about your school and home life using the grammar in
Well, you 5 ’d better sew it on again! exercise 9.

6 Match the sentence halves to complete the rules. 11 Complete the second sentence so that it means the
same as the first. Use the words in parentheses.
1 We use should and ought to a
1 It isn’t necessary to call 911. (have)
2 We use If I were you, I’d … and You’d better … b
You don’t have to call 911.
a to give advice based on our opinion and also to give 2 I think you should fix it. (’d)
general advice.
If I were you, I ’d fix it.
b to give advice based on our personal opinion about a
particular situation. 3 You can ask for help. (allowed)
You ’re allowed to ask for help.
7 Choose the correct alternatives. There may be more
4 You should clean up the kitchen. (better)
than one.
1 a I feel sick. I think I’ll watch TV. You ’d better clean up the kitchen.
b You ought to / If I were you, I’d go to bed. 5 We aren’t allowed to paint the walls. (can’t)
2 People shouldn’t / ’d better not put their own lives in We can’t paint the walls.
danger to help other people.
12 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the
3 a I don’t understand this homework. words in the box.
b You should / ’d better ask Mrs. da Silva to explain
allow / use be / you, / I / ask ought / ask

it to you before you go home.
 ​
 ​
​
have / leave must / wear not have / buy
4 Do you think parents ought to / ’d better teach their
 ​
 ​
children to cook? 1
8 Pairwork Take turns to choose a problem from the Lily Filip, are you 1 allowed to use your
list and give advice. phone at night?
Filip Yes. Why? Aren’t you?
I’m fed up with my hair. Lily No, I 2 have to leave it on the
You should cut it short. bookshelf after eight thirty.
Filip You 3 ought to ask your parents if
I broke my favorite cup. they could change the rule a little.
A button has come off my coat. 2
My handwriting is very messy. Blake I’m fed up with all my clothes, but I can’t afford
I’ve just seen a car accident. to buy anything new.
Pippa You 4 don’t have to buy new clothes.
9 Complete the sentences from the dialogues.
Secondhand clothes are cool!
Prohibition 3
Myra Oh, no! The sign says, “All swimmers with long
We 1aren’t allowed to use the Internet.
hair 5 must wear swim caps,” but I
You 2can’t go in there. don’t have one.
Obligation Ryan Your hair isn’t very long. If I
We 3have to interview people we know.
6
were you, I’d ask the receptionist if you
Obligation and strong advice can swim without one.

You 4must learn!

Challenge
We have to stay
5
calm and wait for the
Imagine you are on vacation. Write a message to a
firefighters.
friend using the simple past and present perfect.
Lack of obligation
We 6don’t have to fix it right now.
seven

7
 Welcome!
Pencils
1 003 Read the article and and complete it with the names of the objects. Listen and check.
Velcro
Air freshener

Jeans Gummy candy

Flip-flops Contact lenses

1 Flip-flops were first worn by the ancient Egyptians

around 6,000 years ago. A similar kind of footwear, 5 Pencils were first used centuries ago, but they
were first mass-produced in Germany in the 17th


called zōri, was worn in Japan about 500 years ago. century. Originally, the wooden part wasn’t painted. In
After World War II, cheap rubber flip-flops were made in the 19th century, however, Chinese graphite became
Japan and sold in the U.S., where they became popular. known as the best in the world, so most of these

2 Jeans simple writing devices were painted yellow—a color

were invented in 1873. Denim, the strong
associated with royalty in China.
cotton fabric they’re made from, came from a French
city called Nîmes (de Nîmes = from Nîmes), and the
6 Contact lenses as we know them today were

pants were worn by sailors from Genoa (Gênes in developed in the 20th century. Incredibly, however, the

French). How many pairs are sold today? About three first pair were made and worn in 1888. They were wide
every second! and heavy and covered the whole eyeball, so people

3 Velcro could only wear them for a few hours!

is used to fasten clothes and shoes. Its
design was inspired by the way the seeds of some
plants stick to animals’ fur. Inventor George de Mestral 7 Air freshener is used to hide a whole range of
bad smells! In ancient times, herbs, flowers, and fruits


noticed this when he was walking in the country with were used, but these days most products are chemical.
his dog in the 1940s. The famous Little Tree brand was designed by a

4 Gummy candy Canadian chemist named Julius Sämann in 1952. It’s

is made from sugar, starch, food
popular among car owners around the world and has

coloring, flavoring, and gelatin. Most gelatin is made
been featured in several movies.
from animal skin and bones.

2 Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Ideas and objects
Correct the false sentences.
1 Zoˉri come from Egypt. F 3 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 I’m named / designed after someone in my family.
They / Zōri come from Japan.
2 If I get an idea for a short story, I usually find it easy to
2 Every minute, about one pair of jeans is sold. F develop / inspire.
Every minute, about 180 pairs of jeans are 3 I’d like to invent / design clothes when I’m older.
sold. / About three pairs are sold every second. 4 There are one or two famous people who really
3 George de Mestral copied an idea from nature. T invent / inspire me.
5 I only enjoy books and movies which are based /
4 Most gummy candy isn’t appropriate for vegetarians. copied on true stories.
T 6 I don’t like eating food which is produced /
mass-produced.
7 I think it would be easy for me to invent / base a new
5 Yellow has been a popular color for painting graphite
video game.
pencils for several centuries. F
It’s been a popular color since the 19th 4 Pairwork Tell your partner if the sentences in
exercise 3 are true or false for you.
century.
6 The first contact lenses weren’t very Sentence 1 is true. I’m named after my
comfortable. T grandmother—her name is Rosa like mine.

7 Julius Sämann created a product which is well known I’m not named after anyone. I don’t know why
my parents chose the name Hector!
as an air freshener for the home. F
eight

It’s well known as an air freshener for cars.

8
 W
5 Match the sentence halves to complete the rules.

Welcome!
1 To form the simple present passive, c a we use am / is / are / was / were + subject
2 To form the simple past passive, d + past participle.
3 To form the interrogative, a b we use by.
4 To say who does / did the action (the agent), b c we use subject + am / is / are + past participle.
d we use subject + was / were + past participle.
6 Complete the text with the words in the box.

are sold was sold made invented is is loved is produced weren’t added
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
was was made was called was developed was put were used is still made
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
Tomato ketchup 1is loved by people around the People made their own ketchup at home, until the first
world. More than 650 million bottles of Heinz Tomato mass-produced ketchup 11was developed by the H.J.
Ketchup 2are sold every year. So when and Heinz Company in 1876. At first, the product
where 3was this popular sauce 12
was sold in glass bottles, but in
4
invented and how 5is it the 1980s, plastic bottles 13were used
6
made ? for the first time.

In the 17th century, British sailors in China tasted a The ketchup we eat today
dark brown sauce which they liked. It 7was made
14
is produced in factories,
of fish and it 8was called ke-tsiap. Back in the U.K., but it 15is still made from
they used mushrooms, nuts, beans, and fish to make a fresh tomatoes, along with
sauce which they called “ketchup.” The sauce onions, vinegar, salt,
9
was put into soups and other dishes. Fresh and spices.
tomatoes 10weren’t added to ketchup until the 1700s.

7 Look back at the article in exercise 1. Find more examples of simple present passive verbs.
Then underline more examples of the simple past passive.

8 Complete the second sentence in the passive. Only use by + agent if necessary.
Dov Moran invented the USB flash drive in 1999.
The USB flash drive was invented by Dov Moran in 1999.
1 People eat different kinds of noodles in different parts of China.
Different kinds of noodles are eaten in different parts of China .
2 Antoni Gaudí designed the Sagrada Família church in Barcelona.
The Sagrada Família church in Barcelona was designed by Antoni Gaudí .
3 Companies sell millions of cell phones every day.
Millions of cell phones are sold every day .
4 Did someone make this hat in a factory?
Was this hat made in a factory?
Challenge
9 Write questions with the correct form of the words.
Find out information about a
Who / flip-flops / first wear? different everyday object or type of
Who were flip-flops first worn by? food (e.g., scissors, paper clips, sticky
1 When / jeans / invent? notes, sleeping bags, potato chips,
ice cream) and write a short
2 Which city / jeans / name after? paragraph about it without
3 What / gelatin / make / from? mentioning the name.
4 Where / graphite pencils / first / mass-produce? Exchange your paragraph with
5 When / first pair of contact lenses / make? another student. Can they guess the
object?
6 Who / the Little Tree air freshener / design?
nine

10 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions in exercise 9.

9
 1
In this unit, we
will …
Skill f u l l i vi n g
15 life skills everyone needs to learn
▸ talk about lif
e skills
ion and
▸ ask for repetit 1 2 3
clarification
▸ generate idea
s for writing
e value of
▸ understand th
empathy
apologize read make
How to …
when a map a speech
you’re wrong and schedule or give a presentation

4 5 6 7

ask questions do first aid cook a meal follow instructions

8 9 10 11

express your ideas fix things take care of recognize emotions

and opinions that are broken other people and be sympathetic

12 13 14 15

spell correctly remember names tell a joke speak a foreign

language or use
sign language
Skills and abilities
1 004 Match the words in the box with the 3 Pairwork Do you agree with the list? Which are the most
pictures. Then listen, check, and repeat. important / least important skills in your opinion? Are there
any other skills you would add? Share your ideas with a partner.
make cook read do
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
recognize ask remember I think first aid is the most
 ​
 ​
​
take follow express spell important skill.
Look
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
fix speak tell apologize
 ​
 ​
 ​
Why is that? sympathetic = kind
Because we all need to know to other people
2 Which of the things in the pictures have you
ten

how to save someone’s life. when they feel bad

done in the last six months?

10 Workbook p.W2
 Key language
1
Degrees of ability Sophie and Mike’s vlog

Skillful living
4 Complete the chart with the skills and abilities from
exercise 1. Some of them can fit in more than one
category. Can you add any others?

USEFUL SKILLS

New skills

communication social practical

ask questions STEP 1

1 Look at the picture. Sophie is holding a broken cup.
What life skill might she need to use?

Vocabulary strategy
Charts are useful to help categorize words into groups. STEP 2
5 005 Listen and put the phrases in order
2 007 Watch or listen. Check (✓) the word or
from the best to the worst (1 = best and
phrase in each pair that the friends mention.
7 = worst). Then listen, check, and repeat.
1 five-day challenge ✓ ten-day challenge
How well can you …? How good at … are you?
2 apologize fix something ✓
I’m pretty good at making speeches. 4
3 take photos ✓ take care of other people
I’m excellent / great at fixing computers. 1
I’m very good at remembering names. 2 3 007 Watch or listen again. Use 1, 2 or 3 words
I’m hopeless / useless / terrible at cooking. 8 from the dialogue to complete each sentence.
I’m not very good at telling jokes. 6 1 People who are doing the same online challenge
as Sophie and Mike have learned to cook, to make
I’m OK at spelling. 5
speeches and to do first aid , for example.
I’m good at taking care of other people. 3
2 To learn her new skill, Sophie decided to
I’m bad at apologizing. 7 follow (an influencer’s) instructions .
6 006 Listen to Yosef talking about what he and his 3 To learn his new skill, Mike decided to do a
sister can do. Check (✓) the things they do well. Put (five-day) (photography) course online.
an ✗ for the things they do badly. 4 Mike’s skills have definitely improved .
Yosef Eleni 5 Sophie found the challenge (really) difficult , but
Mike thinks the cup looks incredible .
1 remembering names ✗ ✓
2 spelling correctly ✗ ✓
3 being sympathetic
4 taking care of other people
✓
✓
✓
✗
STEP 3
5 doing first aid ✓ ✗ 4 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
6 fixing things ✗ ✓ 1 Would you like to do the challenge from the vlog?
Why? / Why not?
7 Pairwork Ask and answer about how good you 2 If you did the challenge, what new skill would you like
are at doing the things in exercise 1. Give reasons or to learn? Why?
examples for your answers. 3 What skills have you learned online?
4 Is it easier to learn new skills online or with a
How good are you at telling jokes?
teacher? Why?

I’m terrible! I can never remember them properly! Real English

eleven

Check the meaning of these words and phrases.

lots of stuff How did it go? Great job!

Workbook p.W2 11
 Reading and Grammar

Humans vs.
a

animals - are we
really smarter?
For centuries, people 1 have asked what makes us
different from animals. We share almost 99 percent of
our DNA with our closest relatives, chimpanzees, but
2
have you ever wondered why they have never evolved as
far as we have? According to some theories, the answer is
our complex brains. The earliest human brains from around
2 million years ago 3 were only big enough to process simple
signals, like sight and smell. As we 4 developed into Homo 3 Animals aren’t aware of themselves
sapiens 1.5 million years later, our brains grew three times … except that some chimpanzees, and a few
bigger. This was to make space for new skills, like speech dolphins and elephants, 10 have all passed the
and problem-solving. However, recent research into animal “Mirror Test.” In this test, a scientist puts paint
intelligence 5 has made some interesting discoveries, and on an animal, and then puts the animal in front
scientists are starting to question the “facts” about our of a mirror and watches its behavior. When they
superior intelligence. see themselves in the mirror, these animals then
check their own body for the paint.
1 Animals don’t use language
… except that several chimpanzees 6 have already learned
to use sign language, and some other species have learned
to communicate in significant ways. In the 1990s, Dr. Irene c
Pepperberg 7 published her studies of working with Alex,
a parrot that could remember and name over 50
different objects!
b
2 Animals can’t solve
problems
… except that some octopuses can
learn how to open containers with
great coordination and get food
out of them. People who work in
aquariums have known this for
years. And a study in 2014 8 made
some important discoveries about
some crows. It 9 found that they
could solve complex puzzles and use
tools to get food.

Check it out
Find these words and check their meanings.
parrot containers aware
 ​
 ​
1 Make a list of all the animals that you can name in
English. 3 008 Read and listen. What is the main idea of the
article?
2 Look at the pictures. Which one shows:
a a Humans are more intelligent than animals.
1 an animal that lives in water but isn’t a fish?
b b Animals are probably more intelligent than we think.
2 a clever animal sometimes called a “feathered ape”?
c c Animals will evolve further than humans will.
3 an animal which is a close relative of humans?

Fun fact
twelve

The largest animal brains are those of sperm whales,

which can weigh 8 kg.

12
 1
Present perfect and simple past Think

Skillful living
4 Look at the highlighted words in the article. Which Choose the correct alternatives.
are present perfect, and which are simple past? We use the simple past / present perfect to talk about
Match the present perfect examples with the uses finished time periods in the past.
below. We use the simple past / present perfect to talk about
We use the simple past to talk about completed periods of time from the past until now.
actions in the past when we say, ask, or know when Javier was a biologist for ten years.
they happened (e.g., last year, a week ago, yesterday). (= He isn’t a biologist now.)
Javier has been a biologist for ten years.
We use the present perfect to talk about:
(= He’s still a biologist.)
A life experiences with ever and never. 2
B recent actions with already and yet. 6 Reference pp.W2–3
C the duration of an ongoing activity that started
in the past, often with for and since, or questions 6 Complete the chart with the phrases in the box.
with How long … 1
last year today this year so far three days ago

​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
D past actions where we don’t know when they yesterday afternoon in 2010 since 1995

​ 
 ​
happened, especially when they have an effect
on the present. 5 10
Finished period Unfinished period

Think last year, three today, this year,

days ago, yesterday so far, since 1995
Grace joined the swim team.
afternoon, in 2010
Grace has joined the swim team.
Both sentences are correct. Complete the rules with 7 Complete the sentences with the present perfect
simple past or present perfect. or simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.
The use of the simple past focuses more on
1 We lived (live) in South Korea for five
the action itself.
years, but then we moved to San Francisco.
The use of the present perfect here has more to
2 They have lived (live) in town since 1985.
do with our present perspective on the event.
• It implies the action was recently completed. 3 He has done (do) karate for years.

• It also implies it is somehow related to the present, 4 “Have you seen (see) Mateo yet today?”

e.g., She has joined the swim team and is ready “No, not yet, but I saw (see)
to compete. him yesterday.”
5 I haven’t watched (not watch) much TV this week.
Reference pp.W2–3
8 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions. Use the
5 Complete the dialogue with the present perfect or present perfect and the simple past.
simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.
• Where / When / you born?
Kyle Oh! I 1’ve already read (already / read) that
• What / like / as a child?
article online.
Elif What 2was it (it / be) about? • What activities / do / like?
Kyle Well, it said that some geniuses, like Galileo • How long / do / them?
or Leonardo da Vinci, 3had (have) • What / the hardest / learn?
dyslexia. • What / the best book / read?
Elif Really? Why do they think that?
Kyle Well, 4have you ever heard (you / ever Where and when were you born?
/ hear) that Leonardo 5used (use) a
special kind of code for recording his ideas? I was born in São Paulo on May 21st, 2008.
Elif Yes, I 6have . He 7wrote (write)
from right to left. He 8did (do) that
so that people 9couldn’t (cannot) read his Challenge
work. Use the ideas below to write a sentence about yourself.
Kyle Well, now some scientists 10have decided Your partner asks questions to find out if it's true or false.
(decide) that perhaps he 11did (do)
that because he 12was (be) dyslexic most exciting thing funniest person best vacation
 ​
 ​
​
most difficult thing strangest food cutest animal
and he 13had (have) trouble with
 ​
 ​
writing. The strangest food I’ve eaten is octopus.
thirteen

Elif That’s interesting. I 14’ve never heard

Where did you eat it?
(never / hear) that theory before.

Workbook p.W3 13
 Speaking Ask for repetition and clarification

1 When did you last talk to someone who spoke a

different language? Did you understand each other?

2 009 Watch, listen, or read the dialogue. Who

is having trouble hearing? Who is having trouble
understanding?
Erwin Hi, Maki. It’s Erwin. How’s Philadelphia? I’m
calling to let you know what time I’m arriving.
Maki Hello, Erwin? You’re breaking up. What did you
say?
Erwin I’m sorry, I’m on the train, and we might get cut
off. Can you hear me now?
Maki Not really. Could you speak up?
Erwin My train gets in at eleven. Shall we meet at
11:30?
Maki What? Sorry, I didn’t catch that.
Erwin I’ll meet you at 11:30 at the hotel.
4 010 Complete the phrases from the dialogue.
Then listen, check, and repeat.
What’s the address?
Maki It’s on— Asking for repetition
Erwin Wait, it’s pretty noisy in here. What was that?
What did you 1 say ?
Maki The hotel’s on Ludlow Street. It isn’t far from 30th
Street.
Erwin I’m sorry, I’m not following you. What do you What? Sorry, I didn’t 2 catch that.
mean by “30th Street”?
Maki 30th Street Station—it’s the name of the central What 3 was that?
station in Philadelphia.
Erwin Oh, OK. Could you repeat the name of the 4
Could you repeat the
street, please?
name of the street, please?
Maki Sure—it’s Ludlow Street. L-U-D-L-O-W.
Erwin Great, see you at 11:30.
Asking for clarification
Skill focus
I’m sorry, I’m not 5 following you.
Ask for repetition and clarification
When you don’t understand or can’t hear what someone
is saying, there are useful expressions you can use to What do you 6 mean by 30th Street?
ask them to repeat a word or a phrase. You can also get
someone to clarify what they mean by asking them to Asking someone to speak louder
explain something further or say it with different words.
Could you speak 7 up ?
3 Pairwork Read the Skill focus. Practice the dialogue
in exercise 2. Explaining the problem
You’re breaking 8 up . What did you say?

I’m sorry, I’m (on the train).

Wait, it’s pretty 9 noisy in here.

fourteen

14
 1
1
5 Look at the situations in pictures 1–3. Where are the people?

Skillful living
Are they having communication problems? What kind?

6 011 Listen and complete the mini-dialogues.

A Sorry, I didn’t catch that.
What did you say?
B I said I’ll be there around six.

A Could you repeat the name of the street, please?

B Sure. Powell Street. It’s off Lincoln Avenue.

A What do you mean by that?

B It was awesome, cool, something different!

Mediation
Your friend is traveling to the U.S. next month. Their English
is pretty good but they’re not confident about their listening
skills when people speak to them quickly. Write a text
message giving them some tips to help them.

2
Beat the clock
Imagine you’re in an English-speaking country. In pairs, you
have two minutes to write down as many situations as you can
think of where you might not be able to hear or understand
someone speaking English to you.

Situations

7 Pairwork Role-play dialogues for the situations below. Take

turns to be the person who is having trouble understanding.

1 One of you is on a really noisy train. You need to explain

 
that your train is late and arrange where and when to
meet when you arrive.
3
2 You’re in a very noisy restaurant. You’re talking about your
 
last vacation, but it’s impossible to hear each other.

3 You’re talking about how you feel. One of you uses

 
the idiom “to be under the weather.” The other doesn’t
understand.

4 You ask a passer-by in the street to tell you the time. They
 
have a very quiet voice and you can’t understand what
they are saying.

Link to life
Why is it important to use polite phrases when asking
for repetition or clarification? What happens to the
fifteen

communication if you don’t?

Workbook p.W5 Extra communication p.35 15

 Reading and Grammar
Future forms 3 Pairwork Discuss the two questions at the end of
the article.
1 Imagine the world of work in the future. How do you
think it will be different? 4 Match the highlighted sentences in the article with
the rules.
2 012 Read and listen. Choose the best title.
a an intention 3
A Us vs. Them: Why humans will always be better
b a future fact or prediction 1
than machines
c an offer, promise, or spontaneous decision 5
B The Future of Work: the tech skills you need to
succeed d a prediction based on evidence 4
C Four life skills you didn’t know you needed e an arrangement 2
5 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 We ’re having / ’ll have a party on the 24th.
As AI (artificial intelligence) 2 I think it will be / is being faster if we take the bus.
and robots take on more of the
3 Look! He ’ll fall / ’s going to fall off his bike!
repetitive jobs in the workplace,
1
our human skills will be more 4 “Hi, Greg. Are you doing / Will you do anything this
important than ever. Here are some weekend?”
worth developing. “Yes, I ’ll see / ’m seeing Jackie.”
Emotional intelligence (EI)
5 “I’m hopeless at math. I ’m not going to pass /
This involves recognizing and expressing our not passing this test!”
emotions appropriately, listening to others carefully, and
responding with empathy. It also means saying “no” when “I ’m helping / ’ll help you study.”
we need to. So, if you have plans and someone asks you
to help them, instead of feeling you have to say “yes,” you
6 Complete the sentences with the correct future form
say, “Sorry, I can’t. 2 I’m meeting a friend this afternoon.” (or of the verbs in parentheses.
whatever your plans are) without feeling bad. 1 “Someone’s at the door.”
Adaptability “I ’ll go (go)!”
We also need to be adaptable, which means changing our 2 We ’re meeting (meet) at 2:30 p.m.
plans when problems happen. How adaptable are you?
tomorrow.
Imagine you’ve said to yourself, 3 “I’m going to make a
cake,” but then you realize there aren’t any eggs. Do you 3 “What are you going to do (you / do) when
a) decide not to do any cooking, b) go to the store to buy you graduate from school?”
eggs, or c) think, “I’ll make cookies instead”? Having a
4 Experts say that humans will live (live)
positive attitude, staying calm when things go wrong, and
being able to think quickly are all important qualities that longer in the future.
will help you when things don’t go according to plan. 5 Is she taking (she / take) her driving test soon?
Decision-making 6 Look at those clouds. It ’s going to rain (rain).
We all make small decisions every day, like 5 “I’ll wait for 7 I promise I won’t tell (not tell) anyone what
my friend,” or “I’ll have pizza for lunch,” but in the world of
you said.
work you’ll need to be able to make bigger decisions with
confidence. Practice decision-making by taking time to think 7 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions. Give as
about the pros and cons of choices you make and about the
much information as possible.
consequences they will have.
Creativity Are you …
Creativity isn’t just about making things. It’s also a way of • doing anything with your friends tonight?
thinking. Look at this picture and answer this question: • doing anything special this weekend?
4
What’s going to happen next? Don’t just think of one
Are you going to …
idea. Push your brain to think of five, ten, or even more.*
Activities like this develop your creativity by making you look • travel when you graduate from school?
at things in new ways and think of new ideas. And the world • go to college?
will always need creative people – in science, technology,
• get up early tomorrow?
engineering, and business, as well as in the arts.

Which of these skills do you already have? Which do you Are you doing anything with your friends tonight?
need to develop?
Yes, I’m meeting my friend Paola at seven.

Challenge
Write about your ideal future. What will it be like?
sixteen

How will it be similar or different than the present?

What kind of job will you have?

16 Workbook p.W4
 Listening Understand an interview about endangered languages
1
1 2

Skillful living
STEP STEP
1 How much do you know about native languages in the 4 014 Listen to an interview with Tyra Nampeyo, a
U.S.? Can you name any Native American people? linguist, about endangered languages. Decide if the
sentences are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false
Skill focus sentences in your notebook.
Recognize large numbers and dates 1 Tyra’s first language is Navajo. F
Before you listen for numerical information in a text, read 2 Mandarin Chinese has the most first language
it and decide what type of information is missing. Think speakers in the world. T
about what large numbers and dates might sound like.
3 The Internet and the world economy have made
Try to guess the answers.
English the number one global language. T
2 013 Read the Skill focus. Then read the article and 4 The main cause of the disappearance of languages
complete it with the dates and numbers in the box. today is colonization. F
Think about what the dates and numbers sound like. 5 Tara believes it’s important to save endangered
Then listen and check your answers. languages because they are a means of
communicating. F
1492 30,000 1,000 17,000 300 10 million 5,000
6 Tyra is working on a project to help keep some
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
languages alive. T

Keeping our languages alive 5 014 Read the sentences and decide what type of
information is missing. Then remember or guess the
answers. Listen again and check.
English is the first language for the majority of people in
the U.S., but that hasn’t always been the case. Before the 1 There are about 7,000 different languages in the
arrival of Europeans 500 years ago, North America was a world today.
place of extraordinary cultural diversity with more than 2 10 languages are spoken by half of the
1
300 different languages spoken. people in the world.
As the Europeans colonized the continent, they 3 Spanish is the second most common first language
suppressed the culture and languages of the native in the world.
people. It has been estimated that between 2 1492
and 1900, the population fell from around 3 10 million 4 Only 50% of all today’s languages will still exist
to fewer than 300,000 people. in 2100 .
Today, about half of the original Native American 5 There are 190 endangered languages in Brazil ,
languages have disappeared. Of those still in use, more according to UNESCO.
than half are spoken by fewer than 4 1,000 people.
There are a few exceptions. The Navajo language, for
example, is still the first language for almost 5 170,000
people. About 6 30,000 people in the U.S. speak
STEP 3
Sioux, and around 7 5,000 people speak Hopi.
Today, there are numerous programs for the
6 Pairwork Read the question below. Then put the
preservation of Native American languages. arguments into two groups: Yes or No. Can you add
more?
Are dying languages worth saving?
1 A language is only useful if it is a means of
communication.
2 People lose their cultural identity without their
language.
3 We lose a part of human history with the loss of a
language.
4 Saving languages is expensive, and we should use the
money for more useful projects.

Digital citizenship
3 Answer the questions. Create a map of languages from your country, with
1 What happened between 1492 and 1900? each language area accompanied by 1) a word in the
seventeen

language, 2) its translation in your language, and

2 Why did over half of the native languages disappear?
3) its English translation.
3 Which Native American languages are still common?

Workbook p.W5 17
 Reading Understand a blog post about non-spoken languages

1 Pairwork Look at the pictures. What can you

see? What do you know about when, where, and
how these forms of communication are used?
Leon the Linguist
Skill focus Hi, I’m Leon – and I’m fascinated by language!
Recognize the use of comment adverbs 10th July, My latest interest – non-spoken languages
Writers often use comment adverbs near the We often talk about “speaking other languages.” But what
beginning of a sentence or clause to indicate how about languages that are never spoken? Naturally, this is of
they feel about the information or opinion they are great interest to me, so I’ve been doing some research …
about to give.
• Fortunately, = they feel pleased or happy about the Latin

information. Used by the Romans about 2,000
• Unfortunately, / Sadly, = they feel sad about it. years ago, Latin is sometimes called a

• Surprisingly, / Amazingly, / Interestingly, / dead language because it’s no longer

Remarkably, = they think the information is the first language of any community.
interesting. Fortunately, however, it isn’t extinct.
• Personally / I think, = they are emphasizing that an Some people still read and write it, and

opinion is their own. many Latin words and phrases are used
• Naturally, / Unsurprisingly, = they are aware that in science, music, law, and medicine.

the reader may already know what they are going Also, Latin evolved into Romanian, Can you figure it out?
to say. French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese Cave = Beware
Recognizing comment adverbs helps you understand – the five “Romance” languages, and canem = of the
the writer’s attitude toward what they are writing English contains many words with !
about. Latin roots.

Coding
2 015 Read the Skill focus. Then read and listen
This is a pretty universal unspoken
to the blog post. Use the comment adverbs to
language, and one which, amazingly,
help you understand Leon’s attitude and opinions
some people seem to think is the
about the information he shares. Choose the most useful language for the future.
correct alternatives. I enjoyed coding at school, but I
1 Leon thinks readers will / won’t be surprised by never thought of it as a language like
the topic of his blog post. French or English. Recently, though,
I heard that in Florida they were considering letting high
2 He is surprised / pleased that some people still
school students study coding instead of a foreign language.
read and write Latin.
Personally, I think this is a bad idea. Coding is about telling
3 He is / isn’t surprised that some people think computers what to do. It doesn’t help you exchange ideas,
coding is the most useful language for the future. thoughts, and feelings with people.
4 Most people believe / He believes that it’s a
Semaphore
bad idea to let high school students study coding
What do you do when you need to communicate with
instead of a foreign language.
someone in the far distance (at sea, for example) and you
5 He wouldn’t be surprised if semaphore was / have no phone signal? Well, if you have the right set of flags,
would like semaphore to be used more today. you can spell out a message by semaphore – assuming you
know how to show each letter and number, that is! In fact,
3 Read the blog post again and answer the
semaphore refers to any communication system that relies
questions. on simple visual signals, including sticks, fire, and light
1 Why is Latin “dead” but not “extinct”? (traffic lights, for example). Semaphore has
2 In which careers might a knowledge of Latin be been used for thousands of years, but sadly it
useful? isn’t used much today. Look out for it at the airport,
though, as traffic controllers use a version of it on
3 In Leon’s view, why should high school students the runway before take-off and after landing.
learn a foreign language?
4 What do semaphore flag positions indicate?
5 Where are two forms of semaphore (no flags) Culture focus
regularly used today?
The most studied foreign language in U.S. schools
4 Groupwork Which of the nine (three non-spoken is Spanish, followed by French, and then German.
and six spoken) languages in the blog post do you Latin is also studied in many schools.
know / would you like to learn? Why?
Link to life
eighteen

How does learning / knowing more than one language help

people to be better global citizens?

18
 Writing Write an article about learning languages
1
1 2

Skillful living
STEP STEP
1 Maria Gonsalves wrote an article in response to this
Skill focus
advertisement in an international English-language
magazine. Read Maria’s article and put paragraphs Generate ideas: make a list
A–D in the correct order, 1–4. Before writing an article, you need to think about the
ideas you want to include in it. One way to generate
Articles wanted! ideas is to make a list:
Languages I speak:
Learning languages Spanish (first language), English, German (a little)
What languages do you know? Another way is to make a chart:
How long have you used them?
Reading Learning Vocabulary prepositions
What have you found hard when learning a new German
language? Give examples.
What has been the best thing for you about Grammar Listening Writing Speaking
learning a new language?
Do you think everyone will speak more than one word order pronunciation
language in the future? Why?
Tell us what you think! 3 Read the Skill focus. Then think about your language
learning experience and generate ideas for your own
My Language Learning Experience article in response to the advertisement in exercise 1.
Languages I know
by Maria Gonsalves
A 3 The best part about learning English and
Spanish for me is that now I can understand many of the How long I’ve used or studied them
American television programs and movies that we see in
Brazil, and I don’t need subtitles anymore!
B 1 I am Brazilian. I started to become interested
in learning another language when I was in elementary
school. I noticed that many television programs and
movies were in other languages and not Portuguese. I Problems when learning
a new language
asked my parents if I could study English at a language
school.
C 4 I think more people will speak a second, third,
or even fourth language in the future as technology will
make language learning easier.
D 2 Now I speak three languages: Portuguese,
English, and Spanish. I learned Portuguese from my Good things about
learning a new language
parents and family, so I’ve used that language since I
was small. I started studying English five years ago. I’ve
studied Spanish for two years. English was hard for me
at first. I couldn’t understand the spelling system at all! Prediction(s) for the future of language learning
Spanish was much easier for me to learn because it is
very similar to Portuguese.

2 Read Maria’s article again. Check (✓) the ideas which

Maria includes in her text.
1 I had to study English at school.
STEP 3
 
2 ✓ I used to find English spelling confusing.
 
3 I know a bit of Italian, but I can’t speak it.
4 Write your own article in response to the
 
4 ✓ Spanish is similar to Portuguese.
advertisement in exercise 1. Use Maria’s article as a
 
5 It’s good to be able to speak with people from model, and use your notes to write your own article.
 
different cultures. Write about 150–175 words.
6 ✓ I can watch American programs without needing
 
subtitles. Challenge
7 ✓ Technology will change the way we learn Exchange articles with another student. Which ideas
 
nineteen

languages in the future. are similar or different from yours?

8 There will be fewer languages in the future.
 
19
 Global skills Understand the value of empathy

▸ Emotional self-regulation and well-being 4 Pairwork Discuss the questions.

1 On a scale of 1 to 5, how easy is it for you to consider
1 Pairwork How can we take care of our physical other people’s points of view? (1 = not at all, 5 =
health? How can we take care of our mental health? extremely) Think about the people and groups below:
How can we take care of our social health? • Your friends Why?
2 016 Read and listen to an article about empathy. • Your family Why?
Then match subheadings (A–D) with paragraphs 1–4. • Teams, clubs, or other groups and communities you
A Empathy in different social situations belong to Why?
B What is empathy? • People you don’t know Why?
C Empathy and social health 2 Which of the techniques in paragraph 3 do you
practice most / least?
D Learning empathy
3 Do you agree that empathy is your superpower?
3 Read the article again. What’s the significance of Why? / Why not?
these words and phrases in the text? 4 Have you ever thought about your social health
before? How good do you think your social health is?
shelter the University of Zurich eye contact work
(1 = not so good, 5 = extremely good) Why?
 ​
 ​
 ​
What could you do to improve it?

EMPATHY
– your superpower!
3 D The good news is that, according to a
study from the University of Zurich, empathy
can be improved with practice. Here are some
techniques you can develop:
• Active listening: Listening carefully when
people speak, and paying attention not just
to their words but to what they’re really trying
1 C Social health is at the heart of our emotional
well-being. Once our basic physical needs of food,
to express.
• Positive body language: Smiling, nodding, and
water, warmth, and shelter are met, we all need to feel

that we belong to someone or a group (family and making the right amount of eye contact.
friends), and that we are loved – or at least liked! And
in order to build and maintain strong relationships, we
need empathy.

• Validating feelings: Telling and showing people


that you understand how they feel.
• Accepting feedback: Being open to hearing

from others about the impact of our actions
and behaviors.

4 A Empathy improves the quality of our

one-to-one friendships and relationships. It
also helps us when we are part of a team, both
in sports and at work, and in our communities.
It’s your superpower – so use it well!

2 B Empathy means understanding other people’s

feelings, respecting their needs, and being able to
Check it out
see things from their point of view. When we put shelter maintain nodding
 ​
 ​
ourselves in other people’s shoes, we improve our put yourself in someone else’s shoes
connections and communication. In fact, empathy is
ct
Go to the proje
twenty

one of the most fundamental human qualities, and

an essential life skill.

20
 My progress
1
Language practice

Skillful living
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form 2 Complete the sentences.
of the words in the box.
I’m sorry, I’m afraid I didn’t catch that. Can you say
do express fix read remember take it again?
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
 ​
1 Sorry, what did you say ? I didn’t hear you.
I’m OK at remembering names. 2 What do you mean “on the green”? I don’t
1 Who’s going to take care of the cat while understand.
we’re on vacation? 3 Hello? Hello? You’re breaking up! Can you hear me?
2 I’m pretty good at reading a map. 4 What was that? I didn’t hear you.
3 He finds it hard to express his opinions clearly. 5 Could you speak up? I can’t hear you very well.
4 I’m good at fixing things that are broken.
5
5 We need someone who can do first aid.

Grammar practice
3 Complete the sentences with the present perfect 4 Complete each mini dialogue with the verbs in the box
or simple past form of the verbs in parentheses. and the correct future form (will, going to, or present
continuous).
Yesterday, Dan told (tell) me about his new cat.
1 I saw (see) a fascinating like visit watch
 ​
documentary about chimpanzees last night.
2 I ’ve never wanted (never / want) to fly. A I 1 ’m going to visit Ali tonight. Should we go together?
B Oh, I can’t. I 2 ’m watching The Horror with Joe at six.
3 Have you read (you / read) that article
A Really? You 3 won’t like it! You hate scary movies.
about dolphins yet?
4 My father rode (ride) horses feel get be
 ​
 ​
when he was a child.
A I don’t feel well. I think I 4 ’m going to be sick.
5 Sandra has worked (work) at the
B Oh, no. I 5 ’ll get you some water. Just relax. I’m
aquarium for about three years.
sure you 6 ’ll feel better soon.
6 We bought (buy) Christmas
presents for our family in October last year. 6
6

Reflect
▸ What information did you find the most interesting in Unit 1? Why?
▸ Which lesson did you find the most challenging? Why?
▸ Which lesson in this unit did you enjoy the most? Why?

I can… I can do
this well
this is OK
I need
practice
talk about skills and abilities. (p.10–11)

use the present perfect and simple past to talk about the past. (p.13)

ask for repetition and clarification. (p.14–15)

use future forms (p.16)

twenty-one

understand an interview about endangered languages. (p.17)

understand a blog post about non-spoken languages. (p.18)

write an article about learning languages. (p.19)

Workbook pp.w2–w8 21
 2
In this unit, we
will …
Cr i m e i n
a r t a n d li fe
1 2

▸ talk about cr
ime

▸ report a thef
t
aph of a
▸ write a paragr
crime story
w to express
▸ understand ho
ely
ourselves creativ
robbery kidnapping

3 4 5 6

pickpocketing vandalism terrorism drug dealing

7 8 9

cybercrime / hacking theft mugging

10 11 12

shoplifting murder burglary

Criminal offences
1 Do you enjoy watching crime movies and TV dramas? 3 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions about the
Why? / Why not? crimes in exercise 2.
1 Which of the crimes do you think are the most
2 017 Match the words in the box with the pictures
serious?
above. Then listen, check, and repeat.
2 Are any of these crimes a problem where you live?
twenty-two

vandalism theft robbery burglary mugging 3 Which of the crimes do you think will increase in
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
murder drug dealing pickpocketing shoplifting the future?
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
terrorism kidnapping cybercrime / hacking
 ​
 ​
22 Workbook p.W9
 Key language
2
Crime and criminals Sophie's vlog

Crime in art and life

4 018 Complete the chart with the words in
the box. Then listen and check.

terrorist rob thief kidnap burglar

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
vandalize murderer kidnapper pickpocket
 ​
 ​
 ​
shoplift mug drug dealer hack steal
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
Noun Person Verb
crime criminal commit a crime Fictional detectives
vandalism vandal 1
vandalize
theft 2
thief 3
steal
robbery robber rob
1
4

burglary 5
burglar burgle
STEP
mugging mugger 6
mug 1 Look at the picture of Sophie.
murder / Who is she dressed as? What's
homicide
7
murderer kill / murder
she doing?
drug dealing 8
drug dealer deal drugs
pickpocketing pickpocket pickpocket
2
9

STEP
shoplifting shoplifter 10
shoplift
11
commit an act
terrorism
terrorist of terrorism
2 019 Watch or listen. Match
the sentences halves.
12
kidnapping 13
kidnap 1 Wednesday Addams c
kidnapper
2 Velma b
cybercrime / cybercriminal /
hacking hacker
14
hack 3 Sherlock Holmes a
a is in a modern TV series and in books from 150 years ago.
Look b solves crimes with a group of friends in a TV series.
rob + a person or a place c was first seen in a comic strip 80 years ago.
He robbed a bank.
3 019 Watch or listen again. Are the sentences true
steal + a thing
(T) or false (F)?
He stole a lot of money from the bank.
1 Sophie knew about Wednesday Addams before she saw
Jenna Ortega play her in the TV series Wednesday. T
5 Complete the news headlines with the correct
form 2 Kat didn't like Scooby Doo when she was younger. F
of the words in parentheses. 3 Ryan enjoyed Sherlock Holmes stories about pickpocketing.
F
1 A local gang vandalized (vandal) stores
and street signs last weekend. 4 The character of Sherlock Holmes has changed a lot. F
2 A teenage hacker (hack) has broken
into a top-secret government website.
3 There has been an increase in pickpocketing
STEP 3
(pickpocket) downtown this year.
4 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
4 Shoplifting (shoplift) is the most common
1 Have you seen any of the movies or TV shows mentioned
crime among youth under 16.
in the vlog? Did you enjoy them? Why? / Why not?
6 Pairwork Think about a fictional crime you 2 Which detective movies or TV shows are popular in your
have read about in a book or seen on TV. Make country? Who are the main characters?
notes about: 3 Why do you think these shows are popular?
• where it happened / when / who to
twenty-three

• what the criminal did / if they were caught Real English

Then talk about the crimes in pairs. Check the meaning of these words and phrases.
How about now? just for fun That's even better!

Workbook p.W9 23
 GrammarandLesson
Reading Grammar
heading

1 Do you watch courtroom TV shows and movies? Do you think they are realistic? Why? / Why not?

2 Look at the picture and read the first two paragraphs of the article. Then choose the best title for the article.

A Crime and punishment

B Justice in young hands
C Thinking of a career in the legal system?

Ava* is 16. She was caught riding on the New York subway when she
hadn’t bought a ticket. Benji* is 15. He was arrested for fighting in the
street with some boys who had insulted him. When Sam* and Alex*, aged
14, walked out of a store with some candy in their pockets, the question
was: had they paid for them? Unfortunately not. All four teenagers are on
trial today.

Benji steps inside the courtroom with his representative to face the judge
and jury. It seems like a normal day in the legal system – but there’s a big
difference. Nobody involved in the trial is over the age of 18.

For years, New York State has been running a system of youth courts.
The judge and jury are teenagers aged 14 to 18. They have to study for
30 hours and pass an exam, and they are paid around $100 a month for
their participation. The youth courts were started in 1998 because the
youth crime rate in New York had become a big problem.

These courts aim to keep minor youth crimes, like shoplifting and
vandalism, out of the adult legal system and prison. Their main goal,
however, is to use positive peer pressure to make sure offenders
understand what they have done and how they have hurt the community.
The aim is not to judge or punish the young people on trial, but to listen
to their story and prevent them from offending again.

The “sentences” decided by the judge and jury are called “sanctions.”
These could be community service, letters of apology, essay-writing,
or lessons about social behavior. The system is so successful that some
schools use the youth courts to discipline their students instead of
excluding them from school.
Check it out
*Names and details have been changed to protect the privacy Find these words and phrases and check their meanings.

of individuals. arrested insulted trial judge jury peer pressure
 ​
offenders community service exclude from school
 ​
 ​
3 020 Read and listen to the article. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
Underline the evidence in the text for your answers.
1 The judge at Ava’s trial is in his twenties. F
2 The system of youth courts in New York State isn’t new. T
3 You can be a member of the jury at a New York youth court if you’re 13. F
4 The judge and jury at a New York youth court don’t receive any money. F
5 The main reason that there are youth courts in New York State is that there are too many
offenders in the legal system and prison. F
6 Young people on trial at a youth court aren’t treated unkindly. T
7 The judge chooses sentences for offenders. F
twenty-four

8 Some teenagers go to youth court because of their behavior at school. T

4 Pairwork Discuss. Do you think youth courts are a good idea? Why? / Why not?
Would you like to work in one? Why? / Why not?

24 Grammar link Workbook p.W00

 2
Past perfect

Crime in art and life

5 Look at the highlighted sentence in the text. Which 8 Read the article quickly and answer the questions.
action happened first? 1 Who was protesting?
a Benji was arrested for fighting in the street with some 2 What were they protesting about?

boys … 3 How long did the protest last?
b (the boys) had insulted him

Underline other examples of had + past participle in

the text. Then complete the chart.
Jailed for Protesting
Past perfect On September 5th, 1981, 36 women, four men and
+ Affirmative a few children 1arrived (arrive) at a military
base in England. They 2had left (leave) Wales in
I / You / He / She / It / We / They 1
had August and walked 120 miles in a protest march against
broken the law. American nuclear weapons being kept in the U.K.
– Negative They established a peace camp, where they lived
I / You / He / She / It / We / They 2
hadn’t and expressed their resistance to the nuclear weapons,
broken the law. mostly through peaceful methods like singing and
dancing, although some of the women
? Interrogative 3
chained (chain) themselves to the fence of
3
Had I / you / he / she / it / we / they the base, just as in 1908, suffragettes in London
broken the law? 4
had chained (chain) themselves to railings in their
Short answers fight for women's right to vote.
Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they had. In March 1982, six months after the first protestors
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they hadn’t.
5
had arrived (arrive), more women 6joined
( join) the protest and blocked the entrances and exits at
the base. By December 1982, the number of women
Think 7
had grown (grow) even further, and 30,000 women
Complete the rule. joined hands in a nine-mile circle around the base.
We use the past perfect to talk about things that happened The weapons were moved away from Greenham
before / after other past events. We often use it with the Common in 1991, but the camp continued in protest
simple past and linkers like before, after, because, against other nuclear weapons. It finally closed in 2000.
when, by the time. Hundreds of women were arrested during the 19-year
protest, and many 8spent (spend) time in
Reference pp.W9–10 prison. Should they have gone to prison for trying to
make a better world? What do you think?
6 Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of
the verbs and the words in parentheses.

steal hear leave not see

 ​
 ​
 ​
1 The detective interviewed us, but we
hadn’t seen anything suspicious.
2 When I got home, I realized that someone
had stolen my wallet!
3 The bus had already left (already) by the time
I arrived at the station.
4 Had you heard (you) about the crime before
you read about it?

7 Choose the correct alternatives. Choose one verb in the

simple past and one in the past perfect in each sentence.
1 The library had closed / closed by the time 9 021 Read again and complete the article with

I had arrived / arrived. the simple past or past perfect form of the verbs in
parentheses. Then listen and check.
2 Nathaniel hadn’t been / wasn’t hungry because he
had already eaten / already ate. 10 Groupwork Discuss.
3 My mom had picked / picked me up after I missed / 1 What other examples of peaceful protest do you
twenty-five

had missed the bus. know about, either from history or more recent
4 Had you read / Did you read the book before you times? Was anyone arrested? If so, why?
saw / had seen the movie version? 2 Should protesters be treated as criminals?

Workbook p.W10 25
 Speaking Report a theft

1 Have you or someone you know ever witnessed or

been the victim of a theft? What happened?

Skill focus
Use sentence stress to express meaning
We usually emphasize the words that are essential to the
message we want to communicate.
Excuse me, I’d like to report a crime, please.
OK, what kind of crime are we talking about?
We say these words (usually nouns, verbs, adjectives, and
adverbs) slightly more loudly and slowly than the other
words in the sentence.

2 022 Watch, listen, or read. What has been

stolen?
Erwin Excuse me, I’d like to report a crime, please. 4 023 Complete the phrases from the dialogue.
Officer OK, what sort of crime are we talking about? Then listen, check, and repeat. Pay attention to
Erwin It’s a theft. Someone’s stolen my bag—and it had sentence stress.
my camera in it.
Officer Oh, I’m so sorry. That’s really frustrating, isn’t it? Reporting a crime
So where did it take place?
I’d like to 1 report a crime.
Erwin It was in the Blue Door Diner on Pine Street. It
was just half an hour ago.
Officer Did the bag have anything in it?
2
Someone’s stolen my bag.
Erwin Well, besides the camera, it had some sports
equipment—and a jacket. It was 3 in the Blue Door Diner.
Officer How big is the bag?
Erwin It’s a big sports bag. It’s purple. Asking about a crime
Officer What’s it made of?
Erwin It’s canvas. Where did it 4 take place?
Officer What brand is the camera?
Erwin It’s a Digipix Pro. 5
How big is the bag?
Officer Do you have any idea who might have taken
your bag?
What’s it 6 made of?
Erwin No, I don’t.
Maki Erwin, you left this at the restaurant …
What 7 brand / make is it / the camera?
3 Groupwork Read the Skill Focus. Then, in groups
of three, practice the dialogue in exercise 2. Use
Do you have any idea who
sentence stress to emphasize the important words. 8
might have taken your bag?

Culture
To report an emergency (a crime in progress, a fire, a
medical emergency, a car crash) in the U.S. and in some
other countries, you should call 911. In many other countries,
the number is 112. In some others, it is 999. What is the
emergency number in your country?
twenty-six

26
 2

Crime in art and life

Beat the clock
In pairs, you have two minutes to write down as many
things as you can think of that you might need to
report as missing—either lost or stolen. Compare your
ideas with the class.

Lost or stolen

5 024 Listen to two conversations and complete

the chart.

Dialogue 1 Dialogue 2
Name 1
Silvia Medina 7
David Lee
Stolen item 2
cell phone 8
(road) bike
Description pink plastic case
9
new; dark green; very light; (made of)

3
aluminum
Make 4
iPhone 12 10
Cannondale
Location 5
bus station 11
outside the cafeteria in the park
Time 6
5:45 p.m. 12
10:30 a.m.

Mediation
An item was stolen from your friend, and they are
nervous about reporting the theft in English. Write
them a message to reassure them, telling them what
kind of questions they will probably be asked.

6 Pairwork Student A: Report the theft of an POLICE REPORT

object. Student B: You are a police officer. Use
the police report form to collect the details of Name:
the theft. Then change roles.
Stolen item:
Challenge
Description:
Can you remember a crime from a film or TV
series you've seen? Describe what happened
to your partner and answer their questions
about it.
Make:

Link to life Location:

Why should we report crime when we are the
twenty-seven

victim? Why should we report crime when we Time:

are a witness? Why might someone not report
a crime?

Workbook p.W12 Extra communication p.35 27

 Reading and Grammar
1 Pairwork How can the number of violent crimes in cities be reduced? Consider the options below.

more police on the streets work and training opportunities better social and emotional education

 ​
 ​
 ​
stronger punishments for people who commit violent crime laws to stop young people from going out at night

 ​
PAZOS Project Wins Award
Palmira, Colombia, has something to be very proud of. Reporter: That’s amazing, isn’t it? How did PAZOS do it?
The municipality was named the winner of the 2022 Andrés: We’ve used three key approaches. Palmira already
UCLG (United Cities and Local Governments) Peace Prize. had a youth violence prevention program in place, and
The prize honors local governments that have started we’ve supported that so that it can keep providing social
successful programs to bring peace to their communities. and emotional education. We’ve also done research into
The program in Palmira is called PAZOS, which comes how other cities have dealt with violent crime, and we’ve
from “Peace and Opportunities”. I interviewed Andrés, followed their example. Finally, we’ve run work training
who works for PAZOS. programs to help young people find work or even set up
Reporter: Andrés, you’ve worked with the PAZOS program their own businesses.
for about ten years, haven’t you? Reporter: And these are just for young people, aren’t they?
Andrés: Yes, I have. Andrés: That’s right. PAZOS is for people between the ages
Reporter: Why did you start working with PAZOS? of 15 to 29 because it’s mostly people in this age group
Andrés: Because I saw the terrible effect of violent who both commit and are victims of violent crime. Of the
crime on the community of Palmira. I wanted to be young people who've trained with us, 86 percent have
part of something that could make a difference. prepared their resumés, and 67 percent of them have had
Sometimes you just have to do something, don’t you? job interviews. Perhaps even more importantly, half of the
participants say they now use dialogue instead of violence
Reporter: Tell us why the PAZOS program has won
to resolve conflict.
this prize?
Reporter: That’s an extraordinary achievement!
Andrés: Back in 2011, there were 98.1 murders per 100,000
people in Palmira. But thanks to the work of PAZOS, by 2021
the rate was 42.9 homicides per 100,000 people.

2 025 Read and listen. Answer the questions. 3 Complete the tag questions.
1 How did the murder rate in Palmira change between 1 The boy was in a gang, wasn’t he ?
2011 and 2021? 2 You’ve read that book, haven’t you ?
2 Which of the strategies in exercise 1 has Palmira used? 3 People shouldn’t steal, should they ?
4 She goes to your school, doesn’t she ?
Tag questions 5 We can’t do anything about it, can we ?
6 It’s an inspiring story, isn’t it ?
Think
Look at the highlighted words in the text. Complete 4 026 Pairwork Read the sentences about
the rules with the words in the box. Colombia. Choose the correct alternatives. Then ask
affirmative negative verb pronoun
your partner using tag questions. Listen and check.
 ​
 ​
 ​
1 Colombia is / isn’t an island.
We use tag questions to ask for confirmation of 2 Colombia has / doesn’t have a border with Chile.
something we’ve just said. In a tag question we use:
3 Coffee is / isn’t grown in Colombia.
• the correct auxiliary or modal 1 verb
4 Colombians speak / don’t speak Portuguese.
 
(e.g., do / does in the simple present).
• a 2 pronoun (e.g., you, he, she, it). 5 The Andes Mountains go / don’t go north-south
 
Note that we use: through Colombia.
• a 3 negative auxiliary or modal verb if the
Colombia isn’t an island, is it?
 
twenty-eight

statement is affirmative.
• an 4 affirmative auxiliary or modal verb if the
 
statement is negative. I don’t think so. / I’m not sure.

Reference pp.W9–10

28 Workbook p.W11
 Listening Understand a short detective story
2
1

Crime in art and life

STEP
1 Pairwork Look at the book cover and picture of
the author. Ask and answer the questions.
1 When do you think the book was written?
2 Where do you think it is set?
3 What do you think happens in the story?

2 027 Guess the missing words in the

encyclopedia entry. Then listen and check.

Edgar Allan Poe, a 19th-century 1 American

writer, specialized in short stories with mysterious, scary,
or supernatural topics. His story The Murders in the Rue
Morgue was first published in 2 1841 .
Many people today believe it was the world’s first 4 029 Read the Skill focus. Then listen to part 2 of
detective story, and it may have inspired the Sherlock The Murders in the Rue Morgue. Dupin is giving his
Holmes stories and the famous 3 detectives of opinions about the crime. Write down key words in
Agatha Christie. In the story, Poe invents the classic relation to the points below.
figure of the brilliant detective who, by analyzing small 1 the chest of drawers: open, nearly empty
4
details , solves an “impossible” mystery that the 2 Madame L’Espanaye and her daughter:
police cannot solve. Set in 5 Paris , this terrifying lived a quiet life, didn't go out much, didn't
story tells how C. Auguste Dupin solves the mystery of need many clothes
a horrible murder, when two 6 women , Madame 3 the police’s theory that the bag of gold was the motive
L’Espanaye and her daughter, Camille, are found (reason) for the crime: makes no sense
murdered at their home in the Rue Morgue. 4 where Madame L’Espanaye was killed:
in the bedroom
3 028 Listen to a description of the murder scene 5 the murderer: superhuman strength, talked in a
in The Murders in the Rue Morgue. Choose the language no one recognized
correct alternatives. 6 final piece of evidence: a hair – not human
1 The police find Camille’s body in a bedroom /
5 Pairwork Compare your notes from exercise 4. How
bathroom.
do you think the women died?
2 There’s an open closet / chest of drawers.
3 There’s a towel / razor and some gray / orange
6 030 Listen to the end of the story. How did the
women die? Make notes, focusing on the key words.
hair on the floor.
Listen more than once if necessary.
4 There’s also a bag of gold / silver coins that had
been delivered two / three days before. 7 Groupwork Should Madame L’Espanaye’s killer be
5 Madame L’Espanaye’s body is found inside / punished? Why? / Why not?
outside.
6 The bedroom is locked from the inside and the
windows are all open / impossible to open. STEP 3
8 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
STEP 2 1 Are there any famous fictional detectives or crime
writers from your country?
2 Do you enjoy crime fiction?
Skill focus
Note down key words Digital citizenship
When you hear a text read out loud, recognizing and
noting down the key words can help you understand Research a fictional crime story and the clues the
the main ideas. Key words are usually stressed and detective found at the scene of a crime. Explain the
clues from your story and let your classmates suggest
twenty-nine

may be repeated. When you look at your notes, try

to see connections between the words, like clues to a solutions to the crime.
puzzle. This will help you identify the main ideas.
Watch the culture video

Workbook p.W12 29
 Reading Understand information about a literary genre

1 Pairwork Look quickly at extracts A–D below. Number them from 1 (most
interesting) to 4 (least interesting). Compare your ideas with a partner.

A Detective fiction is a literary genre that has been popular since 1841. Its most important characteristics are the setting, for
example, when and where the story happens; the detective, usually the protagonist or main character; suspects, who the
detective or the police believe might have committed the crime; and an unexpected outcome – in other words, an ending
that the readers had not imagined.
Crime comics have been around since the 1940s. They are usually set in cities and explore themes like theft, corruption,
and violence. Popular crime fighters have included Batman, Charlie Chan, Tintin, and Dick Tracy. The drawings are often
presented from unusual angles and contrast light and dark.
Thrillers combine crime, mystery, suspense, excitement, and sometimes also horror to …

B THIS WASN’T THE C Crime Fiction - Beginners' Courses

YOU HAVE 24 HOURS. (part-time)
CAREER I DREAMED OF. LEE’S WAITING.
So, you want to write crime fiction, do you? You’ve
come to the right place.
This 100-hour course will equip you with the skills to
write your own detective story. Our expert tutors will
teach you how to:
⚫ create great characters, including a detective your


readers will never forget.
⚫ create a setting that makes your story believable.
⚫ build suspense so your readers will keep reading.
⚫ place ‘‘red herrings’’ in your text – facts or events

that confuse the reader as they try to work out
‘‘whodunnit.’’
⚫ bring your story to a satisfying ending.
I WONDERED IF
YOU WERE HERE. RILEY?! Click here to find out more. ▶
D Chapter three
A Visit to Grafton Cemetery

E xcept for the occasional hoot of an owl,

the forest was silent. Stars pricked the sky,
but there was no moon. Hartley placed his
lantern on the ground, where it threw a small
circle of light. He looked around, then he took
his shovel and started to dig. The earth was
WE HAFTA GET cold and hard. Hartley wondered how ...
OUTTA HERE!
Check it out
corruption angle whodunnit shovel

Skill focus 3 Look at your answers to exercise 2 again. For each

text, what language and features helped you decide?
Understand the purpose of a text Write A–D next to 1–6. You can use each letter more
Literary texts usually aim to entertain us. However other than once.
types of texts have different purposes—for example to
persuade or to explain. Understanding the purpose of a 1 layout and organization A, B, C
text can help our understanding and explain the writer’s 2 font used B
choice of particular language and techniques. 3 use of illustrations B
4 use of descriptive language D
2 031 Read the Skill focus. Then read and listen to
texts A–D. What is the purpose of each one? Match 5 use of factual language A, C
the texts to the verbs. 6 use of bullet points C
1 to entertain B, D 4 Pairwork What other literary genres do you like
2 to inform / explain A (horror, romance, science fiction)? Why? Do you
thirty

3 to persuade C prefer to follow stories in TV series or movies, or to

read them in books, graphic novels, and comics? Why?

30
 Writing Write a paragraph of a crime story
2
2
1 Read the Skill focus. Then answer the

Crime in art and life

STEP questions. Write A, B, or C. Which
paragraph(s) …
1 Read three paragraphs written by students. Match the 1 is written in the first person? B
sentence halves below. 2 is set in winter and in the present day? C
A 3 gives a physical description of a
Sara Kendra heard a knock at the door. Standing in the hot, character? A
August sun was a tall, young woman with a shaved head and 4 uses the past perfect to give information
bright green eyes. She was breathing quickly and had a look about objects? B
of intense fear on her face. Before Kendra could speak, the 5 uses the past perfect to talk about an
woman said, “I’ve just seen the man who I believed killed my action? C
father in town. I can’t go to the police. Can you help me?” 6 uses the past progressive to describe a
character’s action? A, C
“What’s your name?” Kendra asked. 7 has dialogue? A
“Alice,” the young woman replied. 8 begins with a sequencing marker? B

B
As soon as I went into the living room, I knew STEP 2
something wasn’t right. A window was open. Furniture
had been moved and books had been pulled off the 3 You are going to write a paragraph of a crime
story. Choose and circle the elements you are
shelves. Then I saw the box that I usually kept under
going to include in your paragraph.
the sofa. It was lying empty on the floor, and when I
looked, my necklace was no longer in it. I dropped to Crime vandalism theft cybercrime

 ​
 ​
 ​
pickpocketing robbery other
the floor with my face in my hands. I’d had that necklace

 ​
 ​
Time 80 years ago present day the future
since my mother gave it to me in 1949, and it meant

 ​
winter spring summer fall
more to me than words could say.
 ​
 ​
 ​
morning afternoon evening night
 ​
 ​
 ​
Place city country
 ​
C inside outside
James was running down the snowy street as fast as he
 ​
a real place an imagined place
could. He didn’t dare look back, but he was sure the police
 ​
People victim detective police
weren’t far behind him. He turned a corner and found a
 ​
 ​
 ​
perpetrator witness suspect
 ​
 ​
waiting taxi. He jumped in and told the driver to drive
away fast. He sat back and took a deep breath. He couldn’t 4 Make notes about the ideas you chose in
believe what he’d just done. He waited a few moments, then exercise 3. Use your imagination.
took his phone from his pocket. The crime: What evidence is there?

1 Sara Kendra a is the victim of a crime. The time: What details can you include in your
paragraph to show this?
2 Sara Kendra’s visitor b has committed a crime.
3 The narrator of Paragraph B c is a detective.
The place: What details can you include in your
4 James d has witnessed a crime.
paragraph to describe it?

Skill focus
The people: What are their names? How old
Use language appropriate to text purpose
are they? What do they look like?
When you write, you need to use the correct kind of language for
the type of text you are writing. For a literary text, such as a crime
story, this includes:
• the use of the first person (I / we) or third person (she / he / they)
3
 
• vocabulary which describes the setting (time, place, and STEP
 
atmosphere), the characters and their actions
• narrative tenses (simple past, past progressive, past perfect)
5
thirty-one

Use your ideas from exercises 3 and 4 to

 
• dialogue (direct speech)
write your paragraph. Write about 150 words.
 
• sequencing markers (before, after, as soon as, when, next, etc.)
Write freely, then check your work.
 
31
 Global skills Understand how to express yourself creatively

▸ Creativity and critical thinking 3 Complete each sentence with one word from the text.
Are they true for you? Discuss with a partner.
1 Pairwork How do you express yourself 1 I often doodle when I’m bored. I usually draw
creatively? Check (✓) any answers that are true for circles.
you. Then discuss with your partner. 2 My creative ideas don’t flow when I’m sitting
singing or playing a musical instrument alone at a desk.
dancing 3 I don’t mind taking risks with my creativity!
writing stories, poems, songs, or scripts What’s the worst that could happen?
drawing / painting 4 I’m good at coming up with new ideas.
digital art 4 Groupwork You are going to create a plan for a key
making things (e.g., birthday cards, jewelry) scene in a detective novel. Follow the steps below.
acting 1 Together, choose from the ideas in the boxes or use
photography your own ideas.
making videos The main characters in your scene

2 032 Read the blog post and match sentences two or more witnesses witness(es) and detective

 ​
 ​
A–F with blanks 1–6. Then listen and check. witness(es) and police officer victims and detective

 ​
 ​
A Often the best ideas come when we’re bored. victim and police officers

B It builds our confidence and helps us understand The crime they are talking about
ourselves and others better.
C You don’t need to show anyone what you’ve done stolen painting kidnapped teacher

 ​
 ​
unless you want to. vandalized painting
D Ask yourself why you like them. The main point of the conversation
E But creativity is a natural part of all of us, and we
don’t need to write a best-selling book to enjoy it. a difference of opinion looking at the evidence

 ​
 ​
F Make lists. what might have happened

2 Individually, take a moment to imagine what your

characters might say and do. Make lists, doodle, or

Creativity for all

look out of the window for a while if that helps your
ideas flow.
3 Share your ideas with the group.
Would you say that you’re creative? A lot 4 Listen to each other, decide which ideas are the best,
of people don’t think they are, because they and plan your scene in more detail. Make notes.
associate creativity with famous artists,
writers, and musicians. 1 E In fact, I think 5 Tell the class about your scene.
it’s something we should all make more
time for in our lives.
Ways to boost your creativity
As well as being fun and surprising, creative
• 3 F Writing down words connected with an idea
activities like drawing, writing songs,
is a great way to help your creative ideas flow.
singing, and acting can help us live life more
fully. Creativity opens the mind to allow • Reflect. Make a list of songs, videos, movies, books,
new ways of thinking. Coming up with new and TV shows that you enjoy. 4 D
ideas is as important for problem-solving • Take risks. Try a new creative activity (e.g.,
as it is for making art. 2 B It can also songwriting, street dance), or a new way of doing
connect us with others – think of musical something (e.g., writing a script instead of a story).
groups, dance groups, and actors working • Take time out. Go for a walk. Look out of the
on a play. window. Do nothing. 5 A
• Doodle. Just let your pen make lines and patterns
on the page without thinking about what you’re
doing. Interesting ideas often come when you do
this.
Get creative today! 6 C Just give it a try and see
what happens.
thirty-two

ct
Go to the proje
32
 My progress
2
Language practice

Crime in art and life

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the 2 Complete the sentences.
words in the box.
Someone stole my purse.
kidnap pickpocket rob shoplifting steal vandalize 1 I'd like to report a theft.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
2 I think it happened at about eleven o’clock.
Vandals broke several of the library windows overnight.
3 Where did it take place?
1 A gang kidnapped the president’s daughter,
4 What make / brand is the phone?
but they released her a few hours later.
5 Do you have any idea who might have taken
2 They robbed the post office and got away with
your camera?
over $1,000.
3 The thieves stole a famous painting. 5
4 Watch out! There are a lot of pickpockets around here.
5 The shoplifters were two young women.

Grammar practice
3 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 Complete the sentences with tag questions.

Indira Gandhi was / had been India’s third prime minister. Your mom really likes detective stories,
Previously, she 1helped / had helped her father, Jawaharlal doesn't she?
Nehru, who was India’s first prime minister. 1 Edgar Allen Poe didn’t write very many
She studied / had studied history, political science, and
2 detective stories, did he ?
economics at Oxford University. Before that, she 3attended / 2 The witnesses couldn’t identify the
had attended schools in India, Switzerland, and the U.K. suspect, could they ?
In 1955, when she 4was / had been a member of the Congress 3 There will be a new season of Wednesday next
Party’s working committee for four years, Ghandi 5became / year, won't there ?
had become the party’s president. 4 You saw the thief clearly, didn't you ?
On October 31 , 1984, two of Gandhi’s bodyguards killed /
st 6
5 It’s important to report a crime if you see
had killed her because they were angry that she 7ordered / one, isn't it ?
had ordered an attack at the Golden Temple.
5
7

Reflect
▸ What information did you find the most interesting in Unit 2? Why?
▸ Which lesson did you find the most challenging? Why?
▸ Which lesson in this unit did you enjoy the most? Why?

I can… I can do
this well
this is OK
I need
practice
talk about crimes and criminals. (pp.22–23)

use the past perfect to talk about past events. (p.25)

report a theft. (p.26–27)

use tag questions. (p.28)

thirty-three

understand a short detective story. (p.29)

understand information about a literary genre. (p.30)

write a paragraph of a crime story. (p.31)

Workbook pp.W9–w15 33
 Extra practice
Vocabulary 3 Write sentences using the simple past or
present perfect.
1 Complete the sentences with verbs.
1 “How do you spell it?” “S-U-D-O-K-U.” 1 you / ever / try / to speak / Mandarin?
2 Please follow the instructions in the guidebook.
Have you ever tried to speak Mandarin?
3 How many languages does he speak ? 2 my mom / study / Latin / when / she / be / young
4 Steve doesn’t know how to tell a joke. He isn’t
My mom studied Latin when she was young.
funny at all. 3 Mr. Lee / not give / us / a history test / yet
5 I’d like to be a nurse. I want to take care of Mr. Lee hasn’t given us a history test yet.
people who are sick. 4 you / meet / Maria / yesterday?
6 Our car won’t start. Can you fix it? Did you meet Maria yesterday?
7 My sister’s wedding is tomorrow, and I have to 5 I / really / learn / a lot / in this course so far!
make a speech. I’m so nervous! I’ve really learned a lot in this course so far!
8 You’ve really upset Faris, and you haven’t said sorry.
6 people / have / cell phones / since / the 1980s
You need to apologize to him.
People have had cell phones since the 1980s.

Grammar 4 Exam Read the text and questions below. For each
question, choose the correct answer.
2 Exam Look at the text in each question. What does
it say? Choose the correct answers. Hi! My name’s Pernilla and I love learning
languages which not many people speak. Some
1 people think that you should only learn languages
The three-month Spanish
that will be useful in later life, when you finish
course will start on June 16.
school and start work. I’m interested in the history
Beginners welcome.
behind a language and the way of life of the people
who speak it. So, four years ago I started to learn
a The course started three months ago.
Breton, which is a minority language spoken in
b The course will start in three months’ time.
Brittany, France. It has Celtic origins and is very
c The course will last for three months. different than French. There are only around
2 210,000 native speakers now and Breton is classed
as severely endangered by UNESCO. However, the
To: Pedro good news is that the number of children attending
From: Julia bilingual classes has risen by 33 percent. Many
towns have bilingual road signs and immersion
Don’t forget the movie starts at 7 p.m. schools have been created.
Will you meet me at the movie theater?
Why not bring Sandro, too? 1 Pernilla enjoys learning languages because
a it will be useful in later life.
a Pedro will meet Julia at the movie theater.
b she needs languages for work.
b Julia wants to know if Pedro will meet her at the
c she is interested in the culture of the language.
movie theater.
d she is a historian.
c Pedro is taking Sandro to the movie theater.
2 What does Pernilla say about the Breton language?
3
Max, a She learned it four years ago.
Can you wake me tomorrow when b It is spoken throughout France.
you leave for work? I’ve got an c It is only spoken by Celts.
important interview and I can't d There aren’t many speakers of Breton.
be late!
3 How does Pernilla feel about the future of the Breton
Lucia language?
a She thinks its future is in danger.
a Lucia is reminding Max that they need to go to an b She is worried that only 33 percent of French
interview tomorrow. people speak Breton.
b Lucia is telling Max he is late for an interview. c She is optimistic that more children are learning it.
c Lucia would like Max to help her out tomorrow d She believes everyone will attend bilingual classes
thirty-four

morning. in the future.

34
 Extra communication
A
Communication

Review A
1 033 Complete the dialogue with the questions 2 034 The speaker is certain about facts and is just
below. There are three extra questions. Listen and checking. Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
check. ➘
1 She wasn’t at school yesterday, was she?
a How much did it have in it? ➘
2 You don’t know my sister, do you?
b Do you have any idea who might ➘
3 It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?
have taken it? 4 They’ve never met, have they?
➘
c What did the thief look like?
d Where were you traveling to?
3 035 The speaker is uncertain about facts and
is asking a real question. Listen. Then listen again
e Where did this take place?
and repeat.
f What color is the wallet? ➚
1 Tom’s coming to the party, isn’t he?
g What is it made of? ➚
2 They eat meat, don’t they?
h OK. What happened exactly? ➚
3 You came on that school trip, didn’t you?
Amy Good morning. I’d like to report a crime. ➚
4 We haven’t finished, have we?
Officer 1 h
Amy I was traveling on the subway, and I think 4 036 Complete the sentences with tag questions.
someone took my wallet from my pocket. Then listen and put a ➘ or a ➚.
Officer 2 e Officer You were busy last night, 1weren’t you ?
Amy At Bryant Park station. ➚
Officer 3 f Simon I don’t know what you mean, officer.
Amy It’s blue and green. Officer There was a robbery in town, 2 wasn’t there ?
Officer 4
a ➘
Amy About $15. Simon Was there? I didn’t know.
Officer 5 b Officer Don’t act so innocently. We’ve interviewed you
Amy No, I’m afraid I don’t. It was so busy there. before about other robberies, 3 haven’t we ?
➘
Simon Yes, but you’ve never proved anything,
Pronunciation 4
have you ? ➘
Officer What were you doing in town last night?
Speaking strategy Simon Well, I wasn’t in town, 5 was I ? ➘ I
Intonation in tag questions was at home.
If the tag is a real question for which an answer is Officer Was there anybody with you?
expected, it is pronounced with rising intonation ➚. If the Simon No, there wasn’t. You’ll just have to believe me,
tag only asks for agreement or is checking information, it 6
won’t you ? ➘
is pronounced with falling intonation ➘. Officer No, we won’t. You see, we have a video from
last night, and guess who’s in it!
Simon Ah … but I can explain everything!

G r o u p Ch a t 2 Esperanto’s simple and regular

grammar and spelling makes it easy to learn.
5 037 Listen to four people talking about languages
3 The origin of the Romance languages
and language learning. Match the speakers 1–4 with
is Latin .
the questions. There are two extra questions.
4 Some people say that Italian sounds
1 Which language is the most difficult to learn? 3
like singing .
2 Which is the easiest language to learn?
5 Mandarin Chinese is one of the most difficult
3 What is the most romantic language? 2 languages for English speakers.
4 Are many English words used in your language? 6 One word can be pronounced four
5 What is Esperanto? 1 different ways.

6 What is the best age to learn a language? 4 7 Language learning is more difficult
for adults .
6 037 Listen again. Complete the sentences with up
8 Under the age of four, children learn a language like
thirty-five

to three words. their native language .

1 Esperanto was created in 1887 .
7 Groupwork Answer the questions in exercise 5.
Then discuss your answers with the class.

Online Practice Exam practice p.88 35

In this unit, we
3
will …
On t
a
h e m o n ey!
b
c

▸ talk about m
oney

▸ practice a jo
b interview

▸ write an opin
ion article
habits
about shopping
w spending g
▸ understand ho
l-being
habits affect wel e
f
d

l
i
j

Money 3 Pairwork Cover the words in exercise 2 and look at the

1 How well do you think you manage definitions. Say the word that matches each definition.
money? Are you a spender or a saver? 1 pieces of paper or plastic money
2 038 Match the words with the pictures 2 pieces of metal money
above. Then listen and repeat. 3 bills and coins
1 bank card / debit card k 4 a piece of paper showing how much you need to pay
2 check a 5 a piece of paper showing that you have paid for something
3 cash b 6 machine which you can get money from
4 ATM f 7 machine where you pay for things
5 cash register g 8 plastic card that takes money directly from your bank account
6 contactless payment d 9 plastic card you can use to buy things and pay for them later
7 credit card h 10 label showing how much something costs
8 bills l 11 personal identification number
9 PIN c 12 a quick way to pay with your card without needing your PIN
10 price tag j A piece of paper money is a …
11 coins
12 receipt e
Culture focus
thirty-six

The following informal words refer to cash in the U.S.:

a penny = 1 cent a dime = 10 cents a buck = 1 dollar

a nickel = 5 cents a quarter = 25 cents

36 Workbook p.W16
 Key language
3
Spending Sophie and Mike’s vlog

On the money!
4 039 Complete the store signs with the nouns in the
box. Then listen and check.

change sale refunds cash bargains discounts

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
receipt offer debit credit cards contactless
 ​
 ​
 ​
a EVE
SUMMER sale 1
. MURYTHI
ST NG
GO!
Don’t miss these great 2bargains ! A funny present

b Cash ONLY c
PLEASE
3

AT THIS REGISTER.
NO debit 4
keep your 5receipt
as proof of purchase.
STEP 1
OR CREDIT CARDS. 1 Look at the picture. What do you think Sophie
e
and Mike bought? How did they buy it?
d Please check that you have received SPECIAL
7
offer :
the correct 6change at the cash
register. Mistakes cannot be fixed later.
two for the
price of one.
STEP 2
2 041 Watch or listen. What is the problem
f g NO refunds 9
with item in the box?
WE ACCEPT or exchanges.
3 041 Watch or listen again. Are the
ALL MAJOR h HUGE discounts
10 sentences true (T) or false (F)?
credit cards
8
. of up to off!
50% 1 Ryan has often given Sophie and Mike gifts with
his face on them. T
2 Sophie and Mike want to give Ryan a big blanket
i 11 Contactless PAYMENTS with his face on it. F
ACCEPTED UP TO $100 3 Sophie and Mike know the people on the
blanket. F
5 Match the words from exercise 4 with the examples. 4 They can’t get another gift for Ryan without
1 You return an item and get your money back. refund going to the mall. T
2 A shirt that you bought is too small. You return 5 They decide not to give the gift to Ryan. F
it and get a larger one. exchange
3 The bill is $9. You pay $10 and get $1 back. change
4 A store wants to sell things very quickly, so they reduce the STEP 3
prices. sale
5 A percentage is deducted from the usual price. discount 4 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
1 What do you think Sophie and Mike should do
6 040 Complete the questions with the words
with the blanket?
in the box. Then listen and check.
2 Which of these things do you buy online? Which
for by for on around would you never buy online? Why?
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
1 How do you usually pay for things? Do you pay cash shoes accessories (jewelry, sunglasses, etc.)
or do you pay by credit or debit card? clothes gifts for friends
things for your bedroom sports equipment
2 How much do you usually spend on clothes, food, or
entertainment per month? 3 Have you ever returned something that you
3 Have you ever asked for a refund or an exchange? bought online? Why?
Why? Do you always keep your receipts?
thirty-seven

4 Do you usually shop around for bargains? Are Real English

you more likely to buy something if it’s at a discount?
Check the meaning of these words and phrases.
7 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions in exercise 6. You're probably wondering … pay (you) back
I'm happy to go with that!

Workbook p.W16 37
 GrammarandLesson
Reading Grammar
heading

Shopping Trends
Black Friday, Gen Z, and shopping
November 19
It’s Black Friday in the U.S. next week, which means millions of dollars will be spent on gifts and other
purchases as the Christmas shopping season begins. Black Friday doesn’t change, but new shopping trends
are happening, and many of them are being driven by one group of people – Generation Z, or Gen Z, the group
of people born between 1997 and 2013.
Changing values
Shoppers used to focus on price and quality, but Gen Z consumers also care about the values of the
companies they buy from. They’re interested in brands whose messaging they like, and that support
social causes like fair pay for workers, protection of the environment, and equality. Their concern for the
environment means that Gen Z are eager to buy
products that have been made sustainably. They’re also
happy to buy clothing that has been worn
by someone else, which has resulted in a big increase
in sales of second-hand clothes.
Social media
Whereas older generations rely on family, friends, TV
ads, and online reviews to influence their shopping
decisions, the majority of Gen Z consumers say they
use social media to get ideas for shopping. Social
commerce (making purchases on platforms like
Instagram) is on the rise among young consumers and
there’s no doubt that more purchases will be made this
way in the future.
What about you? How much will you be spending over
the next few weeks, and where will you be spending it?

Check it out
Find these words and phrases and check their meanings.
purchases trends being driven by messaging sustainably
 ​
 ​
​ 
second-hand influence
 ​
1 At what time of the year do you spend the most 3 Complete the summary with words from the text.
money? Why? Every year on Black Friday, millions of dollars are spent
on 1 purchases like Christmas gifts. Thanks to the
2 042 Read and listen. Decide if the statements are
shopping habits of Gen Z, we’re seeing some new
true (T), false (F), or not mentioned (NM) in the text.
shopping 2 trends . Gen Z consumers care about a
1 A lot of people in the U.S. start their Christmas
brand’s 3 values and wanting to get things of good
shopping on Black Friday. T 4
quality at a good price. Fair 5 pay for
2 If you were born between 1997 and 2013, you’re workers is important to them, for example, along with
Gen Z. T looking after the environment and 6 equality .
3 Gen Z spends less than other generations at Because of this, they want to buy sustainably-made
Christmas. NM 7
products and are happy to buy 8 second-hand
4 Gen Z doesn’t care about price and quality. F clothing. Gen Z consumers go to social media to find
5 Gen Z often considers social issues when they’re
9
ideas for things to buy. Young consumers
shopping. T are also using platforms like Instagram for social
10
commerce .
6 Shopping for second-hand clothes is less popular than
it used to be. F 4 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions. Explain why.
7 Gen Z consumers aren’t influenced by family, friends, 1 How often and how do you make purchases?
TV ads, and online reviews when making shopping 2 Do you look for shopping ideas on social media?
decisions. NM
thirty-eight

3 What kind of second-hand things, if any, do you buy?

8 Older generations don’t use social commerce. NM 4 What values are important to you when shopping?
5 What’s your favorite festivity or public holiday? Do
you think it has become too commercialized?

38
 3
Passive voice: present, past and 7 043 Listen to the radio program and number

On the money!
future the pictures in the order that you hear about them.

Think
1 Complete the rules with be, being, or been.
We use the passive when the agent of an action is not

known or not important. (When the agent is known
or important, we use by + agent at the end of the
sentence.)
• Present perfect
2

subject + has / have + 1been + past participle

• Present progressive

subject + is / are + 2being + past participle

• will / might / may

subject + will / might / may + 3be + past

participle
2 Underline the passive verbs in the text.
3 Find and circle two examples of by + agent.
1
Reference pp.W16–17

5 Complete the second sentence in the passive. 8 043 Listen again and complete the news stories
1 Someone is repairing the cash register today. with the correct active or passive form of the verbs in
The cash register is being repaired today. parentheses.

2 Someone stole my credit card! A turkey 1is saved (save) by the

My credit card was stolen ! U.S. president from being killed and eaten for
3 They will sell the house next week. Thanksgiving. The White House Turkey Pardoning
The house will be sold next week. Ceremony 2has been (be) a regular
Thanksgiving tradition since the 1980s, but the
4 They may extend the sale another week. tradition of giving the president a present of a
The sale may be extended another week. Thanksgiving turkey 3has existed (exist) for
5 They have paid that check. over 100 years. These days the pardoned turkeys
That check has been paid . 4
are sent (send) to live in peace, usually
6 They are building a new shopping mall. to a farm.
A new shopping mall is being built .
Final preparations 5are being made (make) for
6 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. The parade
verbs in parentheses. Use the present perfect, present 6
is organized (organize) by Macy’s department
progressive, or will. store in New York and is the largest parade in the
1 “Is the bookstore still on Church Street?” world. The tradition 7began (begin) in
“No, not anymore. It was closed (close) two 1924. Giant balloons of famous cartoon characters
weeks ago.”
8
are created (create) especially for the event.
The parade 9is watched (watch) by as many
2 “Did he get that job?” as 44 million people on TV.
“Not yet. He ’s being interviewed (interview)
right now.” 9 Pairwork Write a similar news story (real or
3 Your tickets will be sent (send) to you imagined) using the passive form of the present
next week. perfect, present progressive, will, or may / might.
4 Don’t look now, but I think we Possible topics:
are being followed (follow)! • a festivity or event that is being organized.
5 A famous painting has been bought (buy) • a new store that will be opened or a public building
for $80 million! that is being built.
6 In the future, that job will be done (do) • a scientific discovery that has been made.
by robots.
7 When will the new store Challenge
be opened (open)?
thirty-nine

Write a story about a real event, product, or place

8 Sorry, all the tickets for the game using passive forms, but do not mention its name.
have been sold (sell). Exchange stories with another student. Then read
and guess.

Workbook p.W17 39
 Speaking Participate in a job interview

1 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.

1 Do you or any of your friends have a weekend job? If
so, what do you / they do?
2 Which of these words and phrases could you use to
describe yourself at a job interview?

hard-working responsible friendly positive kind

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
patient a quick learner fun-loving
 ​
 ​
Skill focus
Take turns effectively
An interviewer will notice how well the conversation
flows, and taking turns to speak is an important
conversational skill. When the interviewer is speaking,
listen carefully and don’t interrupt them. When it’s your
turn to speak, focus on answering the interviewer’s 4 045 Complete the phrases from the dialogue.
questions clearly and don’t start talking about other Then listen, check, and repeat.
topics.
Interviewer

2 044 Watch, listen, or read. Read the Skill focus. Why are you 1 interested in working for …?
Maki is having an interview. Do you think she’s a good
candidate for the job? Why?
Why do you think you’re the 2 right
Interviewer So, Maki, why are you interested in person for the position?
working for the Science Center this
summer?
The job 3 involves taking payments …
Maki Well, I’m passionate about science and
technology, and I’m interested in learning
some useful skills at the same time. Have you had any 4 experience doing …?
Interviewer Why do you think you’re the right person
for the position? When would you be 5 available to start?
Maki I like meeting people and I’d say I’m
reliable, organized, and hardworking!
Interviewer The job involves taking payments and We’ll 6 let you know in about a week.
answering visitors’ questions. Have you
had any experience doing either? Interviewee
Maki Yes, I have. I worked in a supermarket
last summer, which involved answering I’m passionate 7 about …
lots of questions, and I’ve used a cash
register and a card reader before. I’m interested 8 in learning …
Interviewer That all sounds very good. Do you have
any questions? I like meeting people and I’d 9 say I’m reliable.
Maki Yes, what are the hours and the pay?
Interviewer We need you from 10 to 4, Monday to
Friday. And the hourly wage is $12.
10
What are the hours and the pay?
Maki That all sounds fine.
Interviewer When would you be available to start? I 11 could start next month.
Maki I could start next month some time.
Interviewer That’s great. Well, we have some other I look forward to 12 hearing from you.
people to see, but we’ll let you know in
about a week.
Thank you for your 13 time .
Maki Great. I look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you for your time.

3 Pairwork Read the Skill focus again. Practice the Mediation

dialogue in exercise 2. Remember to take turns
Your older cousin is away in another city because they
effectively.
have a job interview there tomorrow. Write them a
message giving them two or three pieces of useful
advice for their interview.
forty

40
 3
5 046 Listen to a job interview. What is the job?

On the money!
✓ group leader
basketball coach

6 046 Listen again. Complete the sentences with up

to three words.
1 Oliver is passionate about sports .
2 He describes himself as responsible, fun-loving ,
and patient .
3 The job involves looking after children
aged 8 to 12 .
4 He’d earn $400 a week.
5 He’d share a room with two other people .
6 There is a three-day training course
before the children arrive.

Beat the clock

Look at the pictures of jobs below. In pairs, you have
two minutes to write down as many qualities as you
can think of that you would need for these jobs.

7 Pairwork Choose one of the jobs and role-play

an interview. Make notes about your interests and
experience. Invent the information if necessary.
Then choose another job and change roles.

Location: wild animal sanctuary

Responsibilities: caring for injured wild animals
Hours: 9–4, Saturdays

Location: thrift store

Responsibilities: working at the cash register
Hours: 1–4, Tuesday–Saturday

Qualities Location: cafeteria at sports center

Responsibilities: preparing food
Hours: 11–3, Saturdays and Sundays

Link to life
What jobs contribute to society? Why do these jobs
“make a difference”?
forty-one

Workbook p.W19 Extra communication p.61 41

 Reading and Grammar
1 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions. -ing form and base form
1 What do you spend your money on?
Think
2 What would you like to spend your money on?
1 Choose the correct alternatives.
3 How often do you save for things?


We use the base form / -ing form …
4 Do you always know how much money you have? a after some adjectives + preposition (at, in, for).


2 047 Read and listen. Write the missing names. b when a verb is used as a noun (e.g., as the subject or


object).
1 Kai finds it hard not to waste money.
c after certain verbs (avoid, finish, mind, miss,
2 Clara recommends trying online selling.


consider, recommend, keep).
3 Technology helped Tarek save for something. We use the base form / -ing form …
4 Yasmin suggests making things instead of buying d after some adjectives (easy, hard, impossible,


them. nice, happy).
5 Alea is interested in working with animals. e to say why we do something.


f after a question word (who, what, how, where).


g after certain verbs (afford, arrange, decide, hope, manage,


Alea Hi, I’m 14 years old. My parents give me money need, promise, would like).
each month, but 1I can’t afford to buy what I want. I want h after enough (adjective / adverb + enough; enough +


to make some money, but 2I don’t know where to start. noun).
Advice, please! 2 Match the numbered sentences in the text with the

Lucas At 14 3you’re old enough to get a job on the rules (a–h).
weekend or after school.
Reference pp.W16–17
Alea Oh, OK. I don’t want to work after school, but I’m
happy to work on weekends. 🙂 3 Choose the correct alternatives.
Lucas 4Would you consider working in a store or café?
1 I’ve managed to pay / paying Hugo back.
Alea I’m a little nervous about working with people. I
prefer animals! 2 Would you recommend to take / taking a taxi?
Mia Walking people’s dogs is a good way to earn 3 We’ve arranged to meet / meeting at the hotel.

👍
5

money. 4 To travel / Traveling by bus is cheaper.

5 Avoid to buy / buying unnecessary things.
Alea Ooh, yes! I love dogs! 6 She really misses to live / living in a city.
Clara 6Selling stuff online is easy if you have clothes
4 Complete the survey with the correct form of the verbs in

👍
and things you don’t want any more. Just check with
your parents first. parentheses. Then check (✓) the sentences that are true
for you. Which career path is right for you?
Alea That’s a good idea! I have some old clothes I was
planning to throw away. 🎽 Carer
1 I’d like to work (work) with people.
Kai I’d like to save for a new bike, ‍🚲
but I keep 2 I hope to help (help) other people.
wasting money on things I don’t really need. 7How can 3 I don’t mind earning (earn) a low wage.
I get better at saving?
Entrepreneur
Yasmin What kind of things are you spending your
money on? 4 I’m good at making (make) decisions.
Kai Snacks, mostly, when I’m with my friends. 8It’s 5 I’m not afraid of taking (take) risks.
hard not to buy something when they’re getting food.
🍩 6 I’d like to make (make) a lot of money.
Yasmin You should prepare some something at home STEM (science, technology, engineering, math)
to take with you when you go out. 7 I know how to do (do) complex calculations.
Kai Yeah, maybe. 8 I find it exciting to solve (solve) problems.
Tarek I was really bad at saving, but then I started
using a financial app that showed me how to set
9 I am able to understand (understand)
 
financial goals and helped me keep track of my abstract principles.
Creative

👍
spending. I managed to save enough money to buy a
video game I wanted. 10 I’m passionate about creating (create) things.
 
11 Expressing (express) myself is very important
 
Kai Cool. to me.
forty-two

12 I don’t want to follow (follow) a lot of rules.

5 Pairwork Discuss the results of the survey.

42 Workbook p.W18
 Listening Understand a conversation about bills
3
1 2

On the money!
STEP STEP
1 Can you name five different currencies (e.g., the U.S. 4 049 Katie and Arlo are talking about bills. Listen
dollar, the Japanese yen)? Ten? More than ten? and distinguish their feelings from their tone of voice
at different points in the conversation. Circle the
correct answers.
1 Katie feels sad / angry about the images on U.S. bills.
2 Arlo is pleased / surprised about the people on U.S.
bills.
3 Arlo is / is not sure if he read about a new U.S. bill.
4 Katie feels / doesn’t feel more hopeful about the
future of images on currencies.
5 Arlo is / is not worried about the future of cash.
6 Katie is disappointed / angry that Arlo isn’t more
interested in the topic of conversation.
7 Arlo is excited / worried about starting a new job.

5 049 Listen again and decide if the sentences are

true (T) or false (F). Correct the false sentences.
1 Katie points out that most U.S. bills currently feature a
Skill focus white man. F
Understand feelings from tone of voice 2 She would be happy to see female writers, actors, or
When you listen to people speaking, you can often political activists on U.S. bills. T
understand their feelings about a topic from their tone 3 Arlo thinks the new U.S. bill will be used this
of voice. year. F
Sudden and very noticeable changes in tone
4 Tsuda Umeko was a Japanese educator. T

can indicate strong emotions like happiness,
surprise, or anger. 5 Canadian currency only features white people. F
A flat tone can indicate boredom or disinterest. 6 Katie thinks cash won’t be needed in the
future. F
A falling then rising tone can indicate doubt,

uncertainty, or worry.

2 048 Read the Skill focus. Then listen to eight STEP 3

people speaking and distinguish their feelings from
their tone of voice. Circle the correct answers. 6 Pairwork Discuss the questions.
1 Sam is bored / happy. 1 How many different bills are there in your country?
2 Mylee is angry / worried. 2 What color are they?
3 Danilo is embarrassed / angry. 3 What are they made of?
4 Larissa is interested / bored. 4 Who or what is on them (e.g., people, places, objects,
5 Ahmed is sad / surprised. buildings, animals, plants)?
6 Flora is worried / excited. 5 Do you like your country’s bills? Why? / Why not?
7 Basam is happy / disappointed. How could they be improved?
8 Zoe is sure / doubtful.
Digital citizenship
3 048 Listen again and answer the questions.
In pairs, use digital tools to design a new bill for your
1 How many bills are in Sam’s collection? country. First, choose …
2 How much money does Mylee need? • who or what should appear on it and include a picture.

3 What currency is used in Australia? • the value of the bill.

4 What animal is most commonly featured on bills?
7 Presentation Present your bill to the class. Decide
5 About what percentage of payments will be made
which idea is the best.
without cash by 2035?
6 Where might Flora take the bill she’s looking at?
forty-three

7 How much money has Basam been given?

8 What does Zoe think most bills are made of?
Watch the culture video

Workbook p.W19 43
 Reading Understand an article about currencies

Loca currencies
l
What are local currencies? The Bangla-Pesa
A local currency is a currency that can be spent in a The Bangla-Pesa is used in the Bangla
particular city, town, or region of a country at any of the area of Mombasa, Kenya. One Bangla-
stores and services that accept it. These are usually locally Pesa is worth one Kenyan shilling, and
owned stores and businesses. A local currency doesn’t it was created to be used between
replace the national currency. People can use both, but businesses. For example, a tomato
by using the local currency they keep it within the local grower might use Bangla-Pesa to pay
community instead of giving it to large multinational a taxi driver to take her to a market,
companies*. This creates local economic growth. and then the taxi driver could use
Three local currencies
their earnings to buy lunch at a local
café. A community organization called
The Brixton pound the Bangla-Pesa Business Network
Introduced in 2009, the Brixton pound is used in the started the currency in 2013 to create
economic growth in the area, and it’s In many areas of Mexico,
Brixton area of south London, U.K. One Brixton pound is people use the Túmin at
worth one British pound. The bills are colorful and feature been successful in achieving this.
markets, stores, and cafés.
artists who were born or lived in Brixton. The musician David
Bowie is on the B£10 bill,
the artist Van Gogh is
the face of the B£20 bill
Disadvantages of
and the B£5 bill features local currencies
basketball player Luol • They can’t be spent

 
Deng. The Brixton pound outside their area of use.
is also available as an • Local currency bills are

 
e-currency that can be often easier to copy than
used on phones. A B£5 bill
national bills.

The Túmin Check it out

People have been using the Túmin as an alternative currency
Find these words and check their meanings.
in Mexico since 2010.
It started in Veracruz, but it is now used in 24 out of gain interest pay taxes traders
 ​
 ​
Mexico’s 32 states. One Túmin is equivalent to one Mexican
peso. The bills are about the same size as a credit card, 2 Find this information in the text. Use the text
featuring brightly colored illustrations that are different organization to help you.
in each state. In many areas of Mexico, people use the Túmin
1 How much is one Brixton pound worth?
at markets, stores, and cafés.
2 Who is on the B£20 bill?
3 When was the Túmin first used?
4 How many Mexican states can you use the Túmin in today?
1 Read the Skill focus. Look at the text but don’t read it
5 Where is the Bangla-Pesa used?
yet. Which features of a non-fiction text can you see?
6 Who started the Bangla-Pesa?
Skill focus 3 050 Read the article and listen. Decide if the
Use text organization to find information sentences are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false
Writers of non-fiction use a range of features to create sentences.
texts that are organized clearly for the reader. These can 1 Most local currency is spent in locally-owned stores and
help you find information quickly. Common features of businesses. T
non-fiction text organization include:
• a title that indicates the overall topic of the text. 2 The purpose of local currency is to stop people from
spending too much money. F

• headings for the main sections of the text.
F

• subheadings to organize smaller sections within the 3 The Brixton pound isn’t an e-currency yet.

main sections. 4 All Túmin bills have the same illustrations on them. F
• sidebars and boxes that contain additional 5 The Bangla-Pesa was created for everyone in the Bangla

information that’s related to the main text.
area to use. F
• photos or illustrations with captions.
6 Local currency bills aren’t usually as hard to copy as

• diagrams and charts with titles.
national bills. T

• bullet points.

• key words and phrases in bold. 4
forty-four

Pairwork Does your area have a local currency? If so,


• a glossary to define words that might be new to the how often do you use it? Why? If not, would you like your

reader.
local area to have a one? Why? / Why not?

44
 Writing Write an opinion article about shopping habits
3
1 2

On the money!
STEP STEP
1 Read an article written by Leo. Number the paragraphs in 3 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
the correct order, 1–4. 1 What items have you bought recently (e.g.,
clothes, food, games)?
Is online shopping better for the environment? 2 Did you buy them online or in a physical
A 2 Research suggests that overall it is. A study by MIT store? Why?
found that shopping in physical stores has twice the carbon 3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
footprint of online shopping. This is because it’s more efficient shopping in physical stores?
for one truck to deliver 100 packages to people’s houses than
4 You are going to write a short article. Read the
for 100 people to drive to a store and back. advertisement and then complete the sentence
B 4 I do believe that online is the more sustainable way below it.
to shop, but as consumers we also need to act responsibly to
keep our carbon footprint to a minimum. We can do this by
making careful decisions about what we buy and by grouping Articles wanted
our online purchases into fewer deliveries. Will physical stores be replaced by
online shopping?
C 1 I bought a T-shirt online last week. Unfortunately, it
didn’t fit so I had to send it back. I felt bad about this, because How often do you shop online? How often
a truck had delivered it and now a truck would have to take it do you shop in physical stores? Which do
back to the warehouse, increasing my carbon footprint. So, is you prefer and why? What do you think
about the future of shopping?
online shopping really better for the environment?
We will publish the best articles next month.
D 3 However, online shopping still has an impact on the
environment. Three billion trees are cut down each year
for cardboard shipping boxes. Plastic packaging creates
I think / don’t think physical stores will be
CO2 emissions when it’s produced, and less than 14% of it
replaced by online shopping because ….
is recycled. And, unless electric vehicles are used, delivery
trucks create more carbon emissions – not helped by the fact 5 Groupwork Discuss your answers to the
that one-fifth of goods bought online are returned. questions in exercise 4 in small groups.

6 Look online to prepare some detailed content

Skill focus for your article. Use the suggestions below or
Plan and organize ideas your own ideas.
When preparing a non-fiction text like an article or an essay, you • the number of people who shop online.
first need to plan the main points that you want to make. Then • which age group does the most online shopping.
you need to organize your points in a logical sequence. Once
you have done this, try to expand on each of the main points by • how online shopping habits are changing.
adding reasons, explanations, examples, facts and figures, etc. • reasons why shopping habits are changing.
• the number of physical stores closing because
2 Read the Skill focus. What detailed content has the author of online shopping.
included in their article? How have they expanded the main
points in it? Read the text again and underline the answers 7 Use your ideas from exercise 3 to plan your
to these questions. introduction. You can include a statement about
yourself and shopping.
1 What personal example does the writer give?
2 What research does the writer mention that says online 8 Plan your conclusion. What’s your opinion now?
shopping is better for the environment? Do you think physical stores will be replaced by
3 What two statistics does the writer give to support the online shopping? Why?
idea that the delivery of online shopping is bad for the
environment?
4 What figure does the writer use as evidence that returns are STEP 3
part of the problem?
5 What does the writer suggest we should do as responsible 9 Use your ideas from exercises 3–8 to write your
online consumers? article in 150 words. Remember to check your
work for accuracy.
Link to life
forty-five

How could you shop more sustainably?

45
 Global skills Understand how spending habits affect well-being

▸ Emotional self-regulation and well-being 3 Now add up your score. Do you agree with it?
Why? / Why not?
1 Pairwork How do you take care of your physical and
4 Ask and answer the questions and prompts.
mental well-being in the areas below? What changes
1 Do you need to change your spending habits?
do you think you could make to improve your well-
Why? / Why not?
being in each area?
2 Think of ways that you or other people can improve
food and drink technology money study their spending habits and make a list.
 ​
 ​
 ​
3 Make an action plan for yourself or another person to
2 051 Read and listen to the quiz. Then do it with a improve your / their spending habits. Think about …
partner. • choosing a goal, i.e., something that you / they
want to buy but can’t afford.

Money
• planning how you / they are going to buy it, e.g.,
wait for sales, save money in a bank account, do
jobs to earn money.

and me
• setting a time frame, e.g., a month, six weeks, etc.
Action points
Think about …
• one thing you want to stop doing.
• one thing you want to keep doing.
• one thing you want to start doing.

How healthy is your relationship with money? 4 What kind of things do you enjoy spending money on?
Do the quiz to find out! A All sorts! Clothes, accessories, sneakers, snacks …

And sometimes when I’m at the stores, I just see
1 You hear about an app that can help you keep track of
things I like and buy them.

your spending. What’s your response?
B My hobbies, going to cafés with my friends, going
A I’m too young to start thinking about money

to the movies … These kind of things are really

management.
important to me. Life’s too short not to treat myself
B Sounds interesting. I’m really careful with my from time to time!

money, but it could be helpful.
C I don’t really enjoy spending money. I usually only

C I already have it! It really helps me budget. I can spend it when I have to.

show you how it works … Look … Oh, no, maybe it
5 Do you ever get stressed about money?
was a mistake to buy that chocolate last week!
A I might if I stopped and thought about it, but I don’t
2 A friend says, ‘‘That’s a nice pair of jeans! How much

really want to do that!

were they?’’ What do you say?
B Not really. I don’t think I overspend, and I don’t owe
A I don’t know! I didn’t look at the price tag! Anyway,

anyone any money. If I did feel stressed, I’d find

I borrowed the money for them from my grandma,
someone to talk to.
and I never have to pay her back.
C Yes, I do. Everything’s so expensive!
B They’re from a second-hand store, so they were


only $15. But they’re as good as new! I love them! you, maybe, worry too much about money?
C They were $30 in the sale, and I had a 10% student
Mostly Cs: You’re very careful with your spending. But do

discount, so I got them for $27. But I don’t know if I too, so you know how to manage your finances.
really like them … spend money on things you don’t need. But you save it,
Mostly Bs: You like to treat yourself, and you occasionally
3 You read that after a certain level of income, more

spending habits!
money doesn’t make people happier. What’s your but you’re out of control! It’s time to learn some healthy
response? Mostly As: Woah! You’re having fun with your spending
A I find that hard to believe! I want to make as much

money as I can when I’m older. Check it out
B That’s good to hear! As long as I can make enough keep track of your spending borrowed pay her back

 ​
 ​
money to be comfortable in the future, I’ll be fine. income treat myself overspend owe
 ​​
 ​
C Maybe, but I want to start saving money now, so I
forty-six


have enough money when I’m older.
ct
Go to the proje
46
 My progress
3
Language practice

On the money!
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 2 Complete the sentences.
Why are you interested in working for us?
ATM bargain change coins discount receipt
1 The job involves calling companies in the U.S.
 ​
​
 ​
 ​
 ​
He gave me the wrong change! I gave him a $20 bill, 2 When would you be available to start?
but he only gave me $5 back. 3 We’ll let you know by the end of the week.
1 Keep the receipt because you might need to 4 I like working outside, and I’d say I’m very
exchange the T-shirt for a smaller one. practical.
2 I need to get some cash from the ATM . 5 I look forward to hearing from you.
3 These shoes were a bargain ! Only $10!
5
4 I don’t have much money—just a few coins .
5 I asked for a discount and they gave me 5% off!

Grammar practice
3 Complete the passive sentences with the verbs 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
in parentheses. Use the present perfect, present verbs in parentheses.
progressive, will, or might. I don’t want to go (go) to the bank.
We can’t use Room D because it’s being painted (paint). 1 I’m happy to give (give) them some money.
1 Two valuable maps have been stolen (steal). 2 She’s considering studying (study) engineering.
2 You might be asked to (ask) make a short 3 I can show you how to write (write) a CV.
speech, but we aren’t sure yet. 4 He’s worried about speaking (speak) in public.
3 Details of the event haven’t been released 5 Managing (manage) your money can be hard.
(not / release) yet. The post only gives the date.
4 The three men are being interviewed (interview) 5
by the police. They’ll finish soon.
5 The new conference center will be opened
(open) by the mayor at 10:30 a.m. next Friday.

Reflect
▸ What information did you find the most interesting in Unit 3? Why?
▸ Which lesson did you find the most challenging? Why?
▸ Which lesson in this unit did you enjoy the most? Why?

I can…
I can do I need
this is OK
this well practice

talk about managing money. (pp.36–37)

use the passive (present perfect, present progressive, will). (p.39)

participate in a job interview. (p.40–41)

use the -ing form + base form. (p.42)

forty-seven

understand a conversation about bills. (p.43)

understand an article about community currencies. (p.44)

write an article about shopping habits. (p.45)

Workbook pp.W16–w22 47
In this unit, we
4will …
Digital life
1
4
3

6
▸ talk about te
chnology

▸ apologize an
d accept an
apology
▸ write a ‘‘for
and
against’’ essay
al media
▸understand soci
etiquette 9

10

7
2

11
14 12

13
8
15

Technology nouns 3 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions about the items
in exercise 2.
1 What are some advantages and disadvantages
1 Which items do you have?
of having a phone?
2 Which do you use the most? Which do you use the least?
2 052 Match the words in the box with
3 Which do you think won’t exist in the future?
pictures 1–15. Then listen, check, and repeat.

monitor 1 mouse 4 button 15 Vocabulary strategy

 ​
 ​
microphone 8
14 cable 9 speaker Organizing nouns into groups
 ​
 ​
 ​
When you learn a large number of nouns, organizing them into
keyboard 2 memory stick 3 plug 13
smaller groups by sub-topic can make it easier to remember them.
forty-eight

 ​
 ​
​
earphones 5 charger 10 socket 12 For example:
 ​
 ​
 ​
battery 6 printer 11 switch 7 keyboard + mouse phone + cable + charger
 ​
 ​
​
speaker + earphones + microphone

48 Workbook p.W23
 Key language
4
Technology verbs Mike’s vlog

Digital life
4 053 Read and listen. Check the meaning of the
bold words and phrases in the text. Use a dictionary
to help you.

Robyn12
I LOVE MY PHONE!
My phone is my life! I use it to text my friends
and to 1browse the Internet—and I 2install a My Favorite gadget
couple of new apps almost every week!

  
If I want some quiet time, I 3plug in my
earphones, put on some music, and 4turn up
the volume. It 5charges really quickly, and my
battery never runs out at important times.
STEP 1
JoCas 1 Look at the picture. What device does Mike have?
I HATE MY PHONE! How do you think he feels about it?
My phone drives me crazy! Sometimes it
  
completely 6crashes when I’m in the middle of
something. I can’t do anything then, so I have to STEP 2
7
turn it off and then 8turn it on again to restart
everything. We live in a small town where it’s 2 054 Watch or listen. Check (✓) the words and
difficult to 9get a signal, too. And I always phrases the vloggers use.
10
run out of data before the end of the month,
useless ✓ useful special ✓
but my mom refuses to pay for any extra!

  
expensive big help ✓ creative ✓

  
real ✓ good quality
5 Complete the sentences with the bold words and
phrases from exercise 4. 3 054 Watch or listen again. Answer the
questions. Use between one and six words.
1 It’s dark in here. I’ll turn the
light on . 1 Which three parts of his laptop don't work well?
2 I can’t hear it. Can you turn up the volume? (the) speakers, (the) microphone, (the) battery
3 My battery’s dead. I need to charge it. Can I 2 What has Mike done on his laptop for a long time?
plug in my charger here? edit / edited his vlogs
4 Don’t install that program! It gave my laptop a 3 What project are Ryan's earphones helping him with?
virus, so now it crashes all the time.
making a podcast
5 I’ve run out of data, so I can’t browse the
4 When does Kat use her speaker?
Internet on my phone.
when she dances
6 Please turn off your phone or keep it on silent
during the movie. 5 Where does Sophie want to put some of her printed
photos?
7 If you can’t get a signal here, you may need to go
outside. It’s better there! on her wall
6 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
1 How often do you … ? STEP 3
• browse the Internet on your phone
• install new apps on your phone 4 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
• charge your phone 1 Which of the devices in the video do you have?
• turn your phone off 2 What is your favorite gadget or device?
2 Do you love or hate your phone? Why? 3 How often do you use it and what do you use it for?
4 Could you live without it? Why? / Why not?
Challenge
Write instructions to explain to someone who isn’t Real English
forty-nine

familiar with phones how to … Check the meaning of these words and phrases.
• charge a phone. make fun of to be honest break out (my dance moves)
• install an app on a phone. Whatever I do, ...

Workbook p.W23 49
 GrammarandLesson
Reading Grammar
heading

90s
FOUR INVENTIONS YOU
WOULD HAVE LOVED
IF YOU’D BEEN A TEENAGER IN THE

Forget your smartphone and get yourself a flip

phone! This vintage 90s tech is all the rage
today with young people who want to keep
in touch with their friends but disconnect
from the Internet. But what would life have
actually been like if you’d been a teenager 3 The Discman
in the 90s? You wouldn’t have had a This is how you would have listened to your
smartphone, YouTube, or Tik-Tok. So, let’s favorite music CDs while on the move. If it
look at some of the inventions that hadn’t been so big, it could have fit in your
would have rocked your world. pocket, too! If you’d been rich, you probably
would have invested in one of the world’s
1 Modems first portable MP3 players instead. Korea’s
MPMan had enough memory to hold about
A modem connected your landline to your computer so
a dozen songs!
that you could use a new invention called the Internet. If
you’d been an early Internet user, your modem would have
called the Internet (literally!) and then you would have 4 The Game Boy
waited … and waited … for a web page to load. When you If you’d been a 90s gamer, this gadget would
were on the Internet, nobody in your house could make a have let you play games anywhere! The
phone call at the same time! graphics wouldn’t have been very good, but
you would have played the first portable
2 Internet café versions of Tetris or Super Mario!
What would you have done
if you’d been away from your
home modem and you’d wanted
to use the Internet? Easy! You
would have gone to an Internet
café. For a little more than the
price of a coffee, you would have
been able to go online and check your emails on one of
their computers. The privacy at Internet café wasn’t great,
but they were quite cheap.

Check it out
Find these words and phrases
1 What do you know about the 1990s? How do you think life was different then? and check their meanings.
Think about fashion, music, cars, TV, computers, phones, and other gadgets. vintage all the rage
keep in touch rock your world
2 Which of the six innovations from the 90s mentioned in the article … ?
load on the move dozen
1 were portable the Discman, MPMan, the Game Boy
2 could only be used at home modems
3 let you go online when you were out of the house Internet cafés

3 055 Read the article again and listen. What were the disadvantages of … ?
1 using a modem to connect to the Internet 4 the MPMan
It was very slow. It didn’t have a lot of memory.
2 Internet cafés 5 the Game Boy
The privacy wasn’t great. The graphics weren’t very good.
3 the Discman?
fifty

It was very big.

50
 4
Third conditional 7 056 Listen to a talk about the greatest inventions.

Digital life
Number the inventions in the order they are listed by
4 Read the examples from the text.
the professor. One of them is not mentioned.
Affirmative
8 056 Listen again. Match the sentence halves.
If you’d been a 90s gamer, this gadget would have let you
1 In medieval times, only a few people read
play games anywhere!
books because c
Negative
You wouldn’t have had a smartphone, YouTube, or Google
a b
if you’d been around in those days.
Interrogative
What would your life have been like if you’d been a
teenager in the 1990s?

Think
Complete the rule. Use the words in the box. x the wheel b 1 the printing press
past participle past perfect would / wouldn’t
 ​
 ​
c d
If + 1 past perfect , subject + 2 would / wouldn’t
+ have + past particle
3

Choose the correct alternatives for the rule.

Use the third conditional to talk about real / unreal
situations in the past and their real / imagined
consequences.

Reference pp.W23–24 c 3 antibiotics d 2 the light bulb

2 If the printing press hadn’t existed, f

5 Complete the third conditional sentences with the
correct form of the verbs in parentheses. 3 People were able to work longer hours d
1 If they had had (have) Wi-Fi in the 90s, 4 The light bulb was the reason that e
they wouldn’t have needed (not need)
5 Before antibiotics, people used to die a
modems.
2 If he hadn’t studied (not study) physics, he
6 Millions of lives have been saved b
wouldn’t have become (not become) a due to simple, common infections.
an inventor.
b because of antibiotics.
3 Would you have bought (you / buy)
c they were rare and expensive.
that printer if it hadn’t been (not be) so
expensive? d as a result of the invention of the light bulb.

4 She would have been (be) happy if she e a lot of domestic gadgets were invented.
had passed (pass) the exam. f ordinary people wouldn’t have learned to read.
5 If we hadn’t used (not use) the Internet, we 9 Pairwork Use the third conditional and/or the
wouldn’t have found (not find) the answers. phrases in bold in exercise 9 to discuss the
6 Would they have come (they / come) to our inventions below.
party if we had asked (ask) them?
planes the Internet cameras washing machines
6
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
Pairwork Imagine how life would have been in antibiotics GPS plastic Google maps app
 ​
 ​
 ​
these situations. Tell your partner.
If I’d been born in a different decade …
If the Google maps app hadn’t been developed, I
If I’d been born in another country … would have gotten lost every time I went abroad!

Because of the invention of the washing machine, we

don’t have to wash our clothes by hand these days.
fifty-one

Workbook p.W24 51
 Speaking Apologize and accept an apology

1 What kind of things do you apologize for? What are

some words you might use in an apology?

Skill focus
Use intonation to express regret
When we speak, we use intonation to express different
emotions. To express a strong feeling of regret, we use
a fall-rise intonation and strongly stress the intensifier
(really, so, very, awfully, etc.) in the sentence.

I’m really sorry. I’m so clumsy.

2 057 Watch, listen, or read. Who has done

something they need to apologize for?
Erwin Maki … I have a confession.
Maki That sounds bad! What have you done?
Erwin You know I just borrowed your phone …? 4 058 Complete the phrases from the dialogue.
Maki … because yours had run out of battery. Sure. Then listen, check, and repeat.
Erwin Well, it fell out of my hand while I was using it – Apologizing
and now your screen’s broken. I’m really sorry.
Maki Oh no! Let’s have a look. Well, it’s not the end of I have a 1 confession .
the world. It isn’t in the middle of the screen.
Erwin I wish I’d been more careful. I’m 2 really sorry.
Maki Don’t worry about it. It’s still working. And I’m
getting a new one soon anyway.
Erwin I’m so clumsy. Expressing regret
Maki Never mind. It was an accident. And I should
have put it in a case anyway. I 3 wish (I’d been more careful).
Erwin Sorry.
I 4 should (have put it in a case).
3 Pairwork Read the Skill focus. Practice the dialogue
in exercise 2. Use rising and falling intonation on key Accepting an apology
words to express emotion.
It's not the 5 end of the world.

Don’t worry 6 about it.

Never 7 mind .
fifty-two

52
 4
5 059 Listen to four conversations. Match the

Digital life
speakers with the reasons they are apologizing (1–4).
The person …
a didn’t reply to a friend’s text. 4
b lost the earphones a friend lent them. 1
c borrowed a friend’s phone and accidentally deleted
some of their apps. 3
d posted a stupid message about someone. 2
6 060 Complete the sentences expressing regret
with the words in parentheses. Then listen and check.
1 I should have (should) replied to your text.
2 I wish I’d (wish) put them in my bag.
3 I shouldn’t have (shouldn’t) deleted your photos.
4 I wish I hadn’t (wish) posted a message about you.

7 Pairwork Role-play dialogues for the situations

below. Take turns apologizing and responding. Use
range and intonation to express your emotions.
1 You made a joke about your partner.
2 You forgot your friend’s birthday yesterday.
3 You read the texts on your friend’s phone.

Beat the clock

In pairs, you have two minutes to write down as
many situations as you can think of where you have
had to apologize recently, at home, at school, or
somewhere else.

Situations
didn’t feed the cat
left my homework at home

Mediation
Your friend sent you this text message. Write a reply.

Cody knows I read his private journal and he’s

😢
really angry with me. I feel awful. We haven’t
spoken about it. What should I do?
09:22

8 Pairwork Role-play some of the situations from

the Beat the Clock box. Take turns apologizing and
responding.

Link to life
Why do people sometimes find it hard to apologize?
fifty-three

Workbook p.W26 Extra communication p.61 53

 Reading and Grammar
1 061 Match the definitions with the words in the wish and should have to express
box. Then listen and check. regret
scroll share view follow tag post comment
Think
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
1 put something online for people to see Match the sentence with the correct meaning. Then
share post complete the rule.
2 look at something online view I wish I hadn’t shared my test results on social media.
3 write your opinion under something that another a I shared my results and I’m happy I did.
person has put online comment b I shared my results and I’m sorry I did.
4 provide a link to another person’s social media c I didn’t share my results and I’m happy I didn’t.
account tag d I didn’t share my results and I’m sorry I didn’t.
We use wish + past perfect to express regrets or a desire
5 move text up or down so that you can read different
to change a situation in the present / past.
parts of it scroll
6 choose to see everything that another person puts on Reference pp.W23–24
social media follow
3 Write a sentence with wish for each situation.
2 062 Read and listen. What is the main message?
1 My mom gave me good advice, but I didn’t listen.
a Don’t be jealous of other people’s social media
2 I didn’t have breakfast and now I’m hungry.
profiles.
3 I was rude to my parents, and I regret it now.
b Teenagers spend too much time on social media.
4 Pete went to bed late and now he’s tired.
c It’s a good idea to stop and think before you post
anything online. 5 I didn’t save my money, and now I’m broke!

Think
What was I thinking? Match the sentence with the correct meaning. Then
We’ve all done it—posted something online that complete the rule.
we later regretted. We’ve all hit the ‘‘share’’ button I shouldn’t have been so nosy!
then realized we meant to send the picture to our a Being nosy was a mistake.
friends, not our family. According to a recent survey, b Being nosy wasn’t a mistake.
almost 40% of 18–35-year-old Internet users worldwide
We use should / shouldn’t + have + past participle
have regretted posting personal information about
to say that it was a mistake to do or not to do something
themselves, and 35% wish they hadn’t posted personal
in the past.
information about someone else.
So what are your biggest social media regrets? Reference pp.W23–24

I wish I hadn’t shared my test results. I did it because 4 Complete the sentences with should or shouldn’t and
I’d done really well and I was happy. I should have the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
realized that it wouldn’t be nice for people who hadn’t 1 You should have called (call) your grandma
gotten such good grades to see my results in that way. on her birthday.
Amira, 16 2 He shouldn’t have posted (post) his address on
social media. It’s very dangerous.
I shouldn’t have tagged my sister in a picture when she 3 I can’t sleep! I shouldn’t have drunk (drink) so
was sick in the hospital. I got a lot of kind messages, but much coffee!
my sister was really angry that I’d shared her personal 4 It was wrong to lie. Steve should have told
story with all my followers. Miles, 15 (tell) the truth.
5 They should have gone (go) to the game.
It was fantastic!
I was scrolling through my ex-boyfriend’s pictures
because I wanted to see what he was doing, when I 5 Write four past things you wish you hadn't done.

😳
accidentally “liked” one! Now he knows I was looking.
I shouldn’t have been so nosy! Rosie, 17 6 Pairwork Read your sentences. Tell your partner
what they should have done instead.

I shouldn’t have posted a picture of the back of my

Challenge
new bank card when I was asking a question about it!
Fortunately, a friend messaged me immediately and Imagine you’re a famous villain (e.g., Darth Vader, Snape,
fifty-four

😭
I deleted it, but not before someone had done some Harley Quinn) who now regrets their past. Write a
online shopping at my expense. Omar, 18 confession letter saying what you wish you had / hadn’t
done and what you should / shouldn’t have done.

54 Workbook p.W24
 Listening Understand a podcast about famous people in computing
4

Digital life
the 1200s Ismail Al-Jazari (1136–1206), invents the 20th century Grace Hopper (1906–1992) develops a
the castle clock, described by some as the first programming language that uses 4 word commands
1
programmable analog computer. instead of mathematical symbols.

the 1830s Charles Babbage (1791–1871) Ada Lovelace (1815–1852) the 21st century
invents the idea of a programmable becomes the world’s first Geoffrey Hinton makes important
2
digital computer. 3
computer programmer . developments in
5 AI / artificial intelligence
.

STEP 1 STEP 2
1 Pairwork What do you know about the people in 4 064 Listen to the next part of the podcast.
the pictures? Check (✓) the four sentences which the
speaker expresses as main ideas in the podcast.
Skill focus 1 Lovelace’s father was a famous poet.
Distinguish main ideas from supporting ideas 2 ✓ Her mother was very intellectual.
In most listening texts, the speaker(s) will provide supporting 3 ✓ Lovelace was very good at math.
ideas – facts and statements that clarify, explain, describe, and
give extra information – related to the main ideas. To distinguish 4 ✓ Lovelace worked with Babbage on his
the main ideas from the supporting ideas, you should listen for … Analytical Engine.
• discourse markers like So and Right to draw attention to the 5 Lovelace and Babbage died before the
 
key points. engine was built.
• the repetition of key words connected to the main ideas. 6 ✓ Lovelace’s work was rediscovered in the
 
• highlighting of the main ideas by speaking more slowly and middle of the 20th century.
 
clearly when referring to them.
7 The second Tuesday of October is Ada
Lovelace Day.
2 063 Read the Skill focus. Then listen for the main ideas in
the first part of a podcast about tech innovators. Add one or

3
two words to each blank to complete the timeline.
063 Listen again and choose the idea that is more closely
STEP 3
connected to the main point of the podcast. 5 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
1 Al-Jazari created a number of different / 1 Which famous technological innovators come
wrote a book about his machines. from your country?
2 Charles Babbage was a mathematician / left his brain to 2 What are they famous for?
medical science.
3 How have their discoveries changed the world?
3 Lovelace had a computer program named after her /
developed ideas based on Babbage’s work.
Digital citizenship
4 Grace Hopper worked in the navy until she was 79 /
Research other people who have been
was interested in software development as well as
significant in the development of the computer
computer programming. and write an alternative timeline. Use the
5 Geoffrey Hintonstudied psychology / experienced back timeline in exercise 2 as a model.
problems at work.
fifty-five

6 Presentation Present your timeline to

the class.

Workbook p.W26 55
 Reading Understand an article about social media addiction

1 Pairwork Discuss the questions.

Skill focus
1 Which social media apps do you use regularly?
Identify the steps in a process
2 How much time do you spend on social media every When a text describes a process, it is usually broken
day? Do you think this is a good amount of time? down into steps or stages. Finding the sequencing words
Why? / Why not? in the text will help you identify the steps: first, next,
3 What offline activities do you enjoy doing? finally, by the time, in the end, eventually.

2 065 Read and listen. Choose the correct answers. 3 Read the Skill focus. Look for phrases in the text
1 The purpose of the article is to addiction to that identify steps in a process. Then complete the
social media. sentences about social media addiction with the
a complain about missing words.
b raise awareness and give practical advice about 1 We start using social media and our brains release the
c compare other forms of addiction to happiness chemical, dopamine .
2 The article gives a explanation of how addiction 2 We get likes and positive comments and our
to social media happens. brain releases more dopamine. The effect doesn’t last
a hypothetical b cultural c scientific long, so we keep chasing more.
  
  
  
  
3 When we are in a ‘‘flow’’ state, . 3 We stop doing things we enjoy because of the
a the brain doesn’t release dopamine. amount of time we spend on social media.
b we don’t feel happy for long. 4 Look at the advice for breaking a social media habit.
c we have to use more effort and it feels good. Which could you do? Which don’t you want to do?
4 To break an addiction to social media, the author Write four sentences.
suggests . I don’t want to delete any social media apps.
a making a lot of small changes. I could disable notifications sometimes.
b not using your phone at all.
5 Pairwork Discuss your ideas from exercise 4.
c asking your family to track your social media use.

Social media Think you might be addicted to social media?

Here’s what you can do to break the habit.
– why can’t I First, start keeping track of your social media use over

stop looking?
a period of days. Make a note every time you post
something or check for updates. Next, plan what
changes you want to make. You don’t need to do a
complete digital detox. Just set yourself some realistic
goals. For example …
What age were you when you first got social
• delete some apps.
media? Twelve? Ten? Younger? It’s a great way
to connect with friends, but with it comes a • turn off your phone or disable notifications

responsibility to manage how much time you at certain times of the day.
spend on it. Have you ever found yourself wishing • install an app to tell you when you’ve spent

you’d spent less time on social media, and wondering too much time on social media.
what you might have done if you’d stopped scrolling and put • do some ‘‘real life’’ activities (e.g., sports, creative

your phone down instead? And have you also wondered why it’s activities, meet friends face-to-face).
so hard to do that? Well, understanding what happens to the brain
Then, tell your family or friends about your plan, so that
when we use social media provides the answer. Here’s the science.
they can help you stick to it.
First, we start using social media and our brains release dopamine,
After that, it’s up to you (with support from others) to
a ‘‘happiness’’ chemical. Then, when we start getting ‘‘likes’’ and
put your plan into action. Eventually, you’ll find that you
positive comments, our brain releases more dopamine, The effect
no longer feel the need to keep checking your phone all
of the dopamine doesn’t last long, so we keep chasing more.
the time. You’ll feel more at peace, and you’ll have more
Eventually, we’re spending so much time on social media that we
time for activities that put you in ‘‘flow.’’
aren’t doing other things we enjoy. The good news is, we get even
more powerful ‘‘happiness’’ chemicals when we do ‘‘real life’’ (offline)
activities like sports, music, or art. Scientists call this the flow state. Culture focus
It takes more effort than looking at social media, but the reward is English speakers use a lot of abbreviations and
bigger and lasts longer. acronyms online. Here are some common ones.
brb = [I’ll] be right back LOL = laugh out loud
fifty-six

Check it out
  
tbh = to be honest
release reward digital detox disable notifications stick to it
 ​
 ​
 ​
56
 Writing Write a ‘‘for and against’’ essay
4
1 3

Digital life
STEP STEP
1 Read the essay and match the missing sentences (A–D) 3 Groupwork Discuss the questions.
with blanks 1–4. 1 How often do you use social media? What do you
A Furthermore, some people worry that if students use their use it for?
phones during their breaks, it will stop them from chatting 2 Does using social media make you happy or
with their friends. unhappy? Why?
B It’s true that they can cause problems, like all technology. 3 How do your parents feel about you using social
C However, not all teachers and parents think that this is a media? Why?
good idea.
D Also, teachers often expect students to use their phone for Skill focus
classroom quizzes and research. Use paragraphs to organize your writing
A ‘‘for and against’’ essay should have four parts or
paragraphs:
Should schools have a “no • an opening paragraph to state the topic and
phones” rule?


engage your reader’s attention.
These days, most teenagers have • a first paragraph stating the arguments ‘‘for.’’


smartphones, and they want to take them • a second paragraph stating roughly the same


number of arguments ‘‘against.’’
to school. 1 C So, should smartphones be allowed
• a conclusion referring back to the topic,
in schools?


summarizing the arguments, and saying why you
The main reason for not allowing phones is that find one side more convincing than the other.
students might use them during classes when they
shouldn’t. There can also be problems with students 4 Read the Skill focus. Write down ideas for a ‘‘for
taking pictures of people without their consent. and against’’ essay with the title below.
2
A Finally, students may feel uncomfortable if Is social media good for teenagers?
they don’t have a phone or if they feel that their
phone isn’t very good. 5 Organize your ideas from exercise 4 into groups,
with an equal number of for and against ideas.
On the other hand, many students really need to
have their phone with them during the school day 6 Use your ideas from exercise 5 and the plan
so that they can keep in touch with their parents on below to write your essay in about 150 words.
their way to and from school. 3 D Remember to check your work for accuracy.
These days, smartphones are part of life. 4 B Paragraph 1: the introduction to present the
Overall, however, I think they should be allowed at argument
school, as long as there are rules in place about how Paragraph 2: points for the argument
they are used. Paragraph 3: points against the argument
Paragraph 4: the conclusion with your opinion

STEP 2 Challenge
Find a classmate who has an opposing conclusion
2 Put the parts of the essay in the order they appear. to yours. Take turns explaining your reasons to
A The most important point against allowing phones each other. Will one of you change your mind?
at school 2
B Introduction 1
C Other points for allowing phones at school 5
D Conclusion 6
E Three more points against allowing phones at
school 3
F The most important point for allowing phones
at school 4

Link to life
fifty-seven

Do you think phones should be allowed in high school?

Why? / Why not?

57
 Global skills Understand social media etiquette

▸ Digital literacies 3 Read four reviews of an app called My Radio. Check (✓) the
two that follow the guidelines for writing a product review.
1 Pairwork Discuss the questions.
1 Is etiquette (polite behavior) as important on 1 ✓
social media as it is offline? Why? / Why not? My Radio is great because it’s so easy to use. You just enter the name
2 Why do you think some people behave of an artist, band, or song, and it’ll play that music and other songs
differently online and offline? from similar artists. I’ve created 12 different stations, all based on
3 What are the basic forms of etiquette online? bands I love. I’ve discovered a lot of new music that I’d never have
known about without the app. My friends have the app too, so we
4 How good is your social media etiquette? listen to each others’ stations. It isn’t cheap, but I think it’s worth it.
2 Read the guide to writing a product review,
and add the missing words. 2

language etiquette product experience MY RADIO – DON’T WASTE YOUR MONEY ON THIS RIDICULOUS
AND USELESS APP! BAD RECOMMENDATIONS AND YOU CAN’T
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
feedback points frustration reasons
CREATE CUSTOM PLAYLISTS.
 ​
 ​
 ​
WRITE A PRODUCT 3 ✓

REVIEW My Radio
This is a great product. You simply ‘‘like’’ and ‘‘unlike’’ songs to
program up to six personalized radio stations. You can also connect
Writing a review is a great way to friends and listen to their radio stations. All in all, it’s a music app
to share your 1experience with a that’s easy to use and is worth getting as it offers more than other,
product with other people who are similar apps. The only downside is that you can’t create custom
playlists.
thinking of buying it. It also gives
you the opportunity to praise and
help the company if you’ve had a 4
good experience, and to express Review of My Radio. Hi guys, music is my world so I’ve enjoyed
your 2frustration if you haven’t. As trying out some different music apps over the last few weeks.
with all online interactions, They all have their pros and cons, of course, and My Radio is no
it’s important to think about exception. It’s pretty interesting and you can have a lot of fun with it.
3
etiquette when you’re writing a Overall, I thought it was OK, but I don’t think I’ll use it much.
review. Here are some guidelines: I’ve actually created my own music app recently, and it has some
unique features I think you’ll love. You can download it here:
Do www.MeTunes.com Milo
• describe the 4 product
• be honest
• include positive and negative 4 Read the reviews again. Decide if the sentences below are

5
points about the product true (T) or false (F).
• state your opinion clearly 1 My Radio helps users discover new music. T
• give 6 reasons for your opinion 2 You can connect with 25 friends on the app. F
• be concise (give a lot of 3 You can only make four personalized radio stations with the

information without using too app. F
many words) 4 You can use the app to create playlists. F
• give 7 feedback that will be
5

useful to other people Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
• compare the product to similar 1 Based on the reviews in exercise 3, would you buy the My

products Radio app? Why? / Why not?

Don’t 2 How often do you read product reviews? Why?

• be disrespectful or rude 3 Have you ever written a product review? Why? / Why not?
• include links to similar products 4 What kind of products would you choose to review (e.g.,
apps, tech gadgets, sports equipment, clothes)? Why?
• use very informal

8
language
fifty-eight

ct
Go to the proje
58
 My progress
4
Language practice

Digital life
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the 2 Complete the sentences.
words in the box. I have a confession. I lost your book. I’m sorry.
charger crash install get a signal 1 Never mind .
2 I wish
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
microphone run out of I’d told you the truth.
 ​
3 I should have believed you.
I’ve run out of data, so I can’t check my email.
4 It’s not the end of the world.
1 The computer crashed this morning.
5 It’s OK. Don’t worry about it.
2 He can’t hear us. We need to turn the
microphone on. 5
3 I can’t get a signal in the kitchen.
4 Help! I can’t find my charger !
5 Have you installed that program yet? 5

Grammar practice
3 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 Add the missing words and phrases.
Millions of people had died / would have died if
antibiotics hadn’t been invented/ wouldn’t have because as a result of / due to / because of

 ​
 ​
been invented. was the reason for if

 ​
1 If she hadn’t studied / wouldn’t have studied science, People traveled on foot or by horse and cart
she hadn’t become / wouldn’t have become a doctor. because trains and cars hadn’t been invented.
2 If the hotel had had / would have had Wi-Fi, I 1 A lot of changes have happened
had called you / would have called you. as a result of / due to / because of the Internet.
3 You had passed / would have passed the exam if 2 Surgery would have been very different if
you 'd studied / would study harder. anaesthetic hadn’t been invented.
4 I wish I hadn't installed / didn't install the app on 3 Curiosity about our place in the universe
my phone. was the reason for early space
5 I should have brought / had brought my charger. exploration.

5 3

Reflect
▸ What information did you find the most interesting in Unit 4? Why?
▸ Which lesson did you find the most challenging? Why?
▸ Which lesson in this unit did you enjoy the most? Why?

I can… I can do
this well
this is OK
I need
practice
talk about technology. (pp.48–49)

use the third conditional to talk about imaginary past situations. (p.51)

apologize and accept an apology. (p.52–53)

use wish and shouldn’t have to express regret. (p.54)

understand a podcast about the history of computing. (p.55)

fifty-nine

understand an article about addiction to social media. (p.56)

write a ‘‘for and against’’ essay. (p.57)

Workbook pp.W23–w29 59
 Extra practice
Vocabulary Grammar
1 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box. 3 Complete the sentences with the -ing form or the
base form of the verbs in parentheses.
cash check PIN ATM back
1 We decided to call (call) the police.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
receipt credit card lend
2 I considered getting (get) a credit card.
​
 ​
 ​
Tess It’s my turn to pay for lunch, Beth. 3 I’ve finished paying (pay) back all the money

Beth OK, thanks. I borrowed.

Tess Oh, wait a minute. I don’t think I have enough 4 What do you hope to do (do) in the future?

1
cash . I’ll just go to the 2ATM .
5 We arranged to meet (meet) at the bank.
Beth Don’t worry. I’ll 3lend you some money.
6 Imagine being (be) a billionaire!

I have my 4credit card . I can pay.
Tess Are you sure? I’ll pay you 5back . 4 Exam Read the text below and think of the word

Beth Yes, it’s fine. I just hope I can remember my which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each

6
PIN ! How much will it be? blank.
Tess About $12, I think. Excuse me. Could we have
Last year, I saved up enough money 1 to buy

the 7check , please?
a tablet. I occasionally play games on it, 2 but
Waiter There you go. … And here’s your 8receipt .
I mostly use it for art. I like it 3 because I can create

Tess Thank you.
pictures on it faster 4than on paper and if I
2 Exam Read the article, from which five sentences 5
make a mistake it’s easy to correct. I sometimes
have been removed. Choose a sentence to fill each connect it to a computer and print copies 6 of
space from sentences a–h below. There are three my pictures.
extra sentences.
5 Find and correct the mistakes in the third conditional
Last week, I was in Chicago and I saw a tourist brochure sentences.
for the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago’s Money Museum. 1 If I haven’t watched that program, I wouldn’t have
I didn’t think anyone would want to visit a museum all become interested in science.
about money. c 2 Would you have been happy if you lived 100
The museum was really fascinating. I saw treasures such years ago?
as a preserved pine tree shilling from colonial America. 3 If we’d known about your party, we would come.
f There were also modern things such as games and 4 I would gone to college if I’d gotten better grades.
simulations.
5 What had you done if it had rained all day?
d There were exhibits of bills from the U.S. Civil War.
6 I wouldn’t buy this new phone if I hadn’t lost my
g The museum is on the 1st floor of the Federal Bank old one.
reserve. a Luckily, a visit around this museum only
takes 45 minutes, so I had time to visit plenty of other 6 Complete the sentences using should have / shouldn't
sights in Chicago afterwards. have and the verbs in parentheses. Then express
regret for each situation using I wish …
You should have told us the problem. (should / tell)
I wish you had told us the problem.
1 He should have listened (should / listen)
to our advice.
I wish he had listened to our advice.
2 You shouldn’t have cheated (shouldn’t /
cheat) on the test!
I wish you hadn’t cheated on the test.
3 We should have read (should / read)
the instructions!
a I’ve never liked large museums. I wish we’d read the instructions.
b The museum was very interesting. 4 I shouldn’t have spent (shouldn’t / spend)
c However, I was very mistaken. all my money.
d You could see military currency from three I wish I hadn’t spent all my money.
different wars.
e I asked the museum guides lots of questions.
f Not everything in the museum is old, though.
g It wasn’t easy to find.
sixty

h I bought souvenirs at the museum shop.

60
 Extra communication
B
Communication Pronunciation

Review B
1 066 Number the sentences in order to make 2 067 Listen and check (✓) the sentences you hear.
a dialogue. Then listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
a 4 Yes, I have. I have a snake that I take care of. 1 The store window is being decorated.
✓ The store window has been decorated.
b 1 Hello. Please sit down. Now, why are you
interested in working in our pet store? 2 ✓ A shopping mall is being built.
c 8 No, thank you. I think I have all the A shopping mall has been built.
information I need.
3 The package is being delivered.
d 7 Well, those are the qualities that we need!
✓ The package has been delivered.
Do you have any questions for me?
e 3 That’s good. Have you had any experience 4 ✓ That item is being sold online.
working with animals? That item has been sold online.
f 6 I’d say I’m patient and hardworking – 5 ✓ New technology is being developed.
and I’m passionate about animals!
New technology has been developed.
g 2 I’m excited to learn how to care for animals.
6 The app is being installed.
h 5 Wow! That’s an unusual pet! So why do you
✓ The app has been installed.
think you’re the right person for this position?

G r o u p Ch a t
3 068 Listen to Zak and Laura talking about social 5 Groupwork What are the pros and cons of letting
media. Why is Laura upset? elementary school children have phones and social
media? Discuss your ideas with the class.
4 068 Listen again. Choose the correct answers.
1 Laura’s mom thinks
a she shouldn’t use social media so much.
b she’s being bullied on social media.
c social media makes her feel insecure.
2 Zak’s dad thinks he
a should be more competitive.
b should play more sports.
c is silly.
3 Laura’s mom was similar to her because
a she used social media a lot as a teen.
b she chatted a lot on her cell phone as a teen.
c she spent hours talking to friends on the phone as
a teen.
4 Zak thinks that
a technology is responsible for bullying.
b social media has made bullying easier.
c bullying is no different today.
5 Laura improves at her hobby by
a reading other people’s posts about it.
b posting her own pictures for other people
to comment on.
c reading her friends’ comments.
sixty-one

Online Practice Exam practice p.88 61

In this unit, we
5will …
Med i a m a t t e r s
1 brand
3 logo

▸ talk about ad
vertising

▸ express anno
yance and
disbelief
▸ write a summ
ary
w to analyze 4 slogan
▸ understand ho
rmation
and evaluate info
objectively 2 product

5 label 6 advertisement / ad

7 billboard
8 influencer

Advertising (1)
1 What kind of news do you get from social media? What about advertising? Which do
you trust more, social media or traditional media (e.g., TV, radio, magazines)? Why?

2 069 Match the words in the box with the pictures. Then listen, check, and repeat.

slogan billboard logo influencer product brand label advertisement / ad

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
3 Pairwork What are … ?
1 some famous brands from your country Fun fact
2 some companies with famous logos According to a recent marketing survey, 70% of
3 some well-known advertising slogans teenagers trust YouTube stars and other influencers
4 some memorable advertisements more than traditional celebrities when choosing a
product to buy.
What are some famous brands from Brazil?
Link to life
sixty-two

The most famous ones are probably fashion Why do people like to have the same things as
brands, like Havaianas and Osklen. other people?

62 Workbook p.W30
 Key language
5
Advertising (2) Sophie and Mike’s vlog

Media matters
4 070 Complete the sentences with the words
in the box. Then listen, check, and repeat.

influence commercials publicity sponsors

 ​
 ​
 ​
1 Advertising has a huge influence on what we buy.
2 Sports brands are usually sponsors for events like
the World Cup.
3 Actors usually have to do a lot of publicity when
Influencers
their movies come out.
4 Advertisements that you see on TV or hear on the
radio are also called commercials .

5 071 Match the sentence halves. Then listen

and check. STEP 1
1 There are billboards around town to promote a
2 That ad’s fantastic! It really catches d 1 Look at the picture. What is Sophie wearing? Why is
she wearing them?
3 An advertisement needs to persuade e
4 It’s a new brand, so they’re going to launch c
5 They’re using social media influencers. They want to
reach b
STEP 2
a a new movie that’s opening. 2 072 Watch or listen. What kind of advertising
b the under-25 market. are Sophie and Mike talking about?
c a big advertising campaign. 3 072 Watch or listen again. Who makes these
d the viewer’s attention! points, Mike (M), Sophie (S) or both Mike and Sophie
e consumers to buy a product. (MS)?
1 There are a lot of influencers on social media and a lot
6 Groupwork Follow the steps to design an ad for a
of people follow them. M
new product.
2 Many brands sometimes pay influencers for
1 Choose one of the products in the box.
advertising their products. M
a watch a game console a perfume 3 It’s often difficult to recognize when an influencer has
 ​
 ​
​
a pair of sneakers a soft drink a hair product been paid to advertise something. MS
 ​
 ​
4 Sophie’s sunglasses are good quality, comfortable and
2 Imagine who the main consumers will be.
stylish. S
Then think of a brand name for it.
5 Influencers have a lot of power. S
3 Design a logo for it.
4 Think of a good slogan.
5 Decide where to advertise it. STEP 3
radio TV movies billboards social media
4 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
newspapers
1 What kinds of products do influencers usually
promote?
Challenge 2 Have you ever bought something because of an
Choose a celebrity to be the “face” of your product. influencer?
Write the script for a TV or online ad for it. Then,
3 Should child influencers be allowed to promote
choose an influencer who you would like to promote
products to other children? Why? / Why not?
your product.
4 Which (if any) influencers do you trust? Why?

Vocabulary strategy Real English

Revisiting vocabulary Check the meaning of these words and phrases.
When learning new vocabulary, remember to revisit it
sixty-three

It's not a surprise that know the difference

frequently, or you will soon forget it. Return to the new
I have to ask
words every day for a week until you are sure you can
remember them.

Workbook p.W30 63
 Reading and Grammar

Aimee’s blog
Advertising, the media, and trust September 26th
I recently stopped buying a brand of juice I’ve been drinking for years. I’d always
believed their advertising, which said their juice was good for my health. But then
a friend explained that this isn’t true as the juice contains a lot of sugar. It got me
thinking about trust. There are so many advertisements in the media, but how
many can we actually trust?

Sellers have often had a tendency to make false,

misleading or exaggerated claims about their
products or services. In the U.S., the first laws were So, how much do you trust advertising in the
made to protect consumers from false advertising media? Share your thoughts below.
claims at the beginning of the last century.
At that time, manufacturers were claiming in Comments
newspaper and magazine advertisements that Vadim Sellers lie all the time. I bought a
their products were the best, that they would hat online that was advertised as ‘‘One
help you sleep better, or even that they could size fits all’’ but when it arrived it was
help you live longer. These laws were needed a child’s hat! I emailed the company to
more than ever with the rise of TV, radio, and complain. They said they were going to
the Internet as time went on. send me another one in the right size, but
they haven’t sent me anything yet.
Nowadays advertising is a lot more personal.
Our favorite influencers tell us about their Kasia I think the relationship between
favorite brands, and targeted ads appear manufacturers, advertising, and
on our screens. We can even find out consumers is really interesting. My
what other people think about products friend wrote on social media that
he was wearing his favorite brand of
or services by reading online customer
sneakers and posted a cool picture of
reviews. The trouble is, with so many
himself wearing them. His comment
fake reviews out there, you can’t
got a lot of likes and the company sent
always be sure they’re from a
him a different pair of sneakers – for
credible source. On one popular
free! It makes sense, though, as he was
travel website, reviewers wrote
promoting their product for free.
about experiences they’d had at
a fish restaurant called Oscars …
but no such restaurant existed. Check it out
The fake reviews had all been
Find these words and phrases and check their
posted by someone who wanted
meanings.
to show that the website couldn’t
be trusted. had a tendency misleading
 ​
 ​
false advertising claims consumers misleading
 ​
 ​
 ​
targeted ads fake a credible source
 ​
 ​
1 Have you seen any advertisements on TV or on your 3 Underline the reported versions of the statements in
phone recently? What were they for? How often do the text.
you read online reviews? What are the reviews for? 1 “We’re going to send you another one in the right size.”
2 073 Read the blog and listen. Decide if the 2 “They are the best.” “They will help you sleep better.”
sentences are true (T) or false (F). “They can help you live longer.”
1 Aimee used to trust the ads for her favorite brand of 3 “I’m wearing my favorite brand of sneakers.”
juice. T 4 “It’s good for your health.”
2 In the 20th century there weren’t any laws to stop
4 Groupwork Ask and answer the questions.
companies from exaggerating the truth about their
1 Do you like getting targeted ads? Why? / Why not?
products. F
2 What kinds of ads do you get? Would you ever write
3 The fake reviews about Oscars were written by people
about your favorite brand on social media? Why? /
who worked there. F
Why not?
4 Vadim wanted to buy a hat for a small child. F
sixty-four

5 Kasia feels positive about the relationship between Link to life

advertising and the media. T
Is it ever OK to write a fake review? Why? / Why not?

64
 5
Reported speech: statements

Media matters
Reported statements: other changes
When you change from direct to reported speech,
Reported statements pronouns and possessive adjectives often
We use said / told to report what people said in the change, as well as time and place phrases.
past. The verbs in reported speech usually “go back” “I called you this morning.”
one tense. ➞ She said she had called me that morning.
Direct speech Reported speech
Resources pp.W30–31
simple present simple past
present progressive 1
past progressive 8 Match the words to the reported equivalent.
simple past / 2
past perfect 1 this a the next / following week
present perfect 2 here b the night before
will 3
would 3 today c that
am / is / are going to 4
was / were going to 4 tomorrow d there

can 5 next week e that day

5
could
6 last night f the next / following day
We always use a person’s name or object pronoun
after the verb tell , but never after the verb 9 Report the statements.
say . Pedro to us: “I can meet you tomorrow.”
He told me (that) … / He said (that) … Pedro told us that he could meet us the
NOT He told (that) … / He said me (that) … next day.
1 Mel and Liz: “We saw a great movie last night.”
Resources pp.W30–31
Mel and Liz said that they had seen a
5 Complete the sentences with said or told. great movie the night before.
1 He told me that he was buying a 2 Lucia to Juan: “I’m going to the dentist this afternoon.”
new watch. Lucia told Juan that she was going
2 Emily said that she would text me. to the dentist that afternoon.
3 You said that you didn’t have 3 Jenny to Daniel: “I’ve written ten emails today.”
any money. Jenny told Daniel that she’d written ten
4 David told us he never read
emails that day.
online reviews.
4 Felipe: “I’ll talk to you next week.”
5 I told Maria she couldn’t use
my phone.
Felipe said that he would talk to
6 Mom said she’d enjoyed my letter. me / us the following week.
6 Complete the reported speech. 10 Pairwork Report each quote and then say if you
agree with it or not.
1 “I read the article on Sunday,” said Ella.
She said she had read the article “Despite everything, I believe that people are really

on Sunday. good at heart.” Anne Frank
2 “We’re launching a new product,” said Mark. “Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to
He said they were launching

a new product. change the world.” Nelson Mandela
3 “No one will read magazines in the future.” “One child, one teacher, one book, and one pen can

He said no one would read magazines in the change the world.” Malala Yousafzai
future. “ Whoever controls the media, controls the

4 “I can speak French,” said Gabriel. mind.” Jim Morrison
He said he could speak French.
5 “My parents don’t use social media.”
Anne Frank said that, despite
She said her parents didn’t use
everything, she believed that
social media. people were really good at heart. I’m not sure …
7 Pairwork Tell a partner about a place or product
you like / dislike and why. Report what your partner
said to the class. Challenge
sixty-five

Paola said that she loved Mario’s pizzeria because … Find some more famous quotes online and write them
as reported speech.

Workbook p.W31 65
 Speaking Express annoyance and disbelief

1 Choose the negative emotions in the box.

sad angry annoyed excited happy

​
bored

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
disappointed proud surprised
 ​
 ​
2 074 Watch, listen, or read. What is Maki angry
about?
Erwin Maki, is anything the matter?
Maki No. Why?
Erwin Is there anything you’ve forgotten to tell me?
Maki What do you mean?
Erwin I just heard something from Dan.
Maki What?
Erwin He told me that you were going back to California.
Maki Yes, I am, that’s right. For four weeks.
Erwin Oh! He told me you were going back forever! 4 075 Complete the phrases from the dialogue.
Maki What? No way! How ridiculous! Why would he say Then listen, check, and repeat.
that?
Expressing disbelief
Erwin I don’t know, but I’m glad it isn’t true!
Maki It really gets on my nerves when people talk about No 1 way ! How ridiculous!
me behind my back. Do you have any idea why
he’s been saying that?
Why 2 would he say that?
Erwin Well, Sasha told him, apparently.
Maki I don’t believe it! Do you know where she got that
idea from? I don’t 3 believe it!
Erwin No. I think she just guessed.
Maki You’re joking! It really makes me angry. Why You’re 4 joking !
couldn’t they just ask me?
Erwin OK – don’t shout at me! Expressing annoyance
Maki Sorry, but it really drives me crazy!
It really 5 gets on my nerves when …
Skill Focus
Use functional phrases to react to news It really 6 makes me angry / upset when …
Sometimes we have a strong reaction to news someone
tells us. It may be a positive reaction (Oh, wow! That’s
It drives me 7 crazy (when …)
amazing / fantastic!) or a negative reaction (No way! How
ridiculous / awful / terrible! You’re joking! I don’t believe
it!). It’s useful to learn some of these phrases so that we
know what to say in the moment.
Look
3 Pairwork Read the Skill focus. Practice the dialogue In indirect questions, we don’t invert the subject and the
in exercise 2. Use the functional phrases in the verb, and we don’t use the auxiliary verb do / did.
dialogue to express annoyance and disbelief. Do you have any idea why he's been saying that?
NOT Do you have any idea why has he been saying that?
Do we know where she got the idea from?
Not Do we know where did she get the idea from?

Challenge
sixty-six

Look online to find more functional phrases for

expressing reactions to news in English.

66
 5
5 076 Listen to three conversations. Match the conversations

Media matters
(1–3) with the situations. Beat the clock
a The person is going to change schools. 2 What kind of social media post would make
b A family member is very sick. 3 you feel annoyed? What kind of post would
make you laugh? In pairs, you have two
c Someone said the person left their job. 1 minutes to write down as many situations
as you can think of. Then compare your
Mediation ideas with the class.
A friend has just messaged you to say that another friend, Billy,
is telling everyone you’re in trouble at school – which isn’t true. Feel annoyed
Reply to your friend, expressing your disbelief and annoyance.
Someone
6 076 Listen again. Complete the sentences. posts a horrible picture
1 It really gets on my nerves when people of my friend on social media.
talk about me behind my back.
2 It makes me angry when people
invent things like that.
3 It drives me crazy when people
make things up.
7 Pairwork Complete the sentences. Sometimes more than
one answer is possible. Practice the mini-dialogues in pairs.
1 A Maria told Danny that you’re lazy.
Laugh
B Why ?
Someone
2 A I just found out that Alex didn’t tell you the truth.
tells a story about
B Hmm. It really makes .
how their cat sent an email!
3 A Sam told me this school is closing next year.
B I !
4 A I’m sure Tyler was copying my answers on the test.
B Oh no! It really gets !
5 A Someone stole my bike.
B You ! That’s awful.
6 A Billie keeps saying she’s more popular than me.
B No ! How !

8 Pairwork Choose a situation from the

Beat the Clock and write a dialogue. Then
practice it in pairs. Use the functional
phrases to express annoyance and disbelief.

Link to life
sixty-seven

Why do some people post hurtful comments about other people

online? Do you think they would say the same thing in real life? How
can you deal with these kinds of comments?

Workbook p.W33 Extra communication p.87 67

 Reading and Grammar
1 077 Read and listen. Which media event resulted 3 Complete the reported questions. Include the word
in someone losing their job? in parentheses.
“Can you speak Spanish?” (if)
Would you believe it? She asked me if I could speak Spanish.
1 “Where did you see the ad?” (him)
Most people put their trust in TV and radio broadcasters, She asked him where he had seen the ad.
which gives them a lot of power …
2 “Have you seen the video of my dog?” (whether)
In 1980, Channel 7 news in Boston announced that the He asked us whether we’d seen the video of his
635-foot Great Blue Hill in Milton had erupted. They dog.
showed footage of volcanic lava flowing down a hillside
and played a recording of President Carter describing 3 “Do you tag your friends in pictures?” (sister)
the situation as serious. At the end of the bulletin, the I asked my sister if she tagged her friends
reporter held up a sign that read “April Fools,” but by then, in pictures.
panic had hit Milton. One man had carried his sick wife 5 “What are you looking at?” (them)
out of the house to escape the lava. The police received
I asked them what they were looking at.
hundreds of calls from worried residents. People asked
whether it was safe to stay in their homes. The authorities 4 “Will you study journalism?” (me)
asked the TV station to apologize for the confusion caused He asked me if / whether I would study
by the hoax, and the producer responsible for it was fired. journalism.
One event that is sometimes given as an example of a 4 Pairwork Write three questions you have heard
media hoax wasn’t actually a hoax at all. In 1938, radio
today. Report them to your partner.
listeners heard a series of terrifying news reports telling
them to hide because aliens from Mars had This morning, my dad asked me what I wanted
landed in the U.S. and other countries across the for breakfast.
world. Some wondered if they would see aliens
in their backyards while others asked what 5 Match the reported speech with the direct speech.
they could do to protect themselves. In fact, Which is a command? Which is a request?
what was playing on the radio was a drama – a 1 He asked me to call Bob. a request
version of a sci-fi novel by H. G. Wells called
The War of the Worlds. But for listeners who
2 He told me to call Bob. b command
had missed the beginning of the program, the a “Could you please call Bob?” b “Call Bob.”
report sounded frighteningly real.
Think
Complete the rule.
Check it out Reported requests and commands
broadcasters / broadcast footage bulletin We use asked to report past requests and
 ​
 ​
 ​​
hoax producer fired told for past commands. Use this verb pattern:
subject + reporting verb + object + base form
Reported speech: questions and The authorities asked the station to apologize.
commands They told people to hide because aliens had landed.

2 Find reported versions of these questions in the text. Reference pp.W30–31

1 “Is it safe to stay in our homes?”
2 “Will we see aliens in our backyard?”
6 Report the commands and requests using the words
in parentheses.
3 “What can we do to protect ourselves?”
1 “Please turn off your phones.” (Mr. Li / tell / us)

Think 2 “Clean your room!” (my parents / tell / me)

3 “Would you open the door?” (Ana / ask / me)
Complete the rule. Then use the sentences in
exercise 2 to help you complete sentences 1–3. 4 “Read page nine.” (the teacher / tell / us)
• Reported questions 5 “Could you call me, please?” (Ben / ask / me)
We use asked to report past questions.
7 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions. Make a
• Yes / No questions
note of your partner’s answers. Then report your
1 People asked whether it was safe
partner’s answers to the class.

to stay in their homes.
2 Some wondered if they would see 1 Which kind of news are you interested in? News in
your country? World events? Sports news? Human

aliens in their backyards …
• Wh- questions interest? Celebrity news? Something else?
sixty-eight

3 … while others asked what they could do to 2 How do you find out about news stories? Social

protect themselves. media? TV? Radio? Newspapers? Another way?
3 Do you believe what you read or hear in the news?

Reference pp.W30–31 Why? / Why not?

68 Workbook p.W32
 Listening Understand a talk about fake news
5
1 2

Media matters
STEP STEP
1 Have you ever believed a fake news story? What was 4 079 Listen to Part 2, and check (✓) the points the
it about? How did you discover it wasn’t true? speaker makes about disinformation.
1 ✓ Hoax news stories are created to amuse people.
2 078 Read Part 1 of a talk about fake news. Add
the missing words. Then listen and check. 2 There have been some famous hoax news stories.
3 ✓ Sensation is used to get a lot of shares online.
share realize bloggers believe

 
4 ✓ Most of us know when a headline is clickbait.
 ​
 ​
5 ✓ Clicking on a clickbait headline can be risky.

 
6 ✓ Some fake news stories are political.

FAKE NEWS

 
6 080 Listen to Part 3 and choose the correct
AND HOW TO RECOGNIZE IT alternatives.
1 The intention of a ‘‘sponsored story’’ is to hurt
These days, fake news is big news. someone else / persuade people to buy something.

​
​
We see and hear it everywhere, and 2 According to the speaker, anger and fear can be the
we hear people accusing each other of cause / consequence of fake news.
spreading it. So what

​
3 According to the speaker, you should look for facts and
exactly do we mean
by “fake news”? evidence in an article to give more than one point of
view / check that it’s balanced.
There are two kinds.
​
4 The speaker asks the listener how they /
The first kind is
explains how to check the sources of a message.
misinformation, which
​
occurs as a result 5 She compares fact-checking websites to other
professional websites /
of 1bloggers not
explains the purpose of fact-checking websites.
checking the facts
​
correctly. People then 2share these 6 She says you should get news from reliable news
stories because they don’t 3realize that organizations as well as / and not social media.
​
what they are sharing is inaccurate. The 7 She suggests that some people click on fake news
second is disinformation. This refers to websites even when the web address doesn’t look
stories that are deliberately misleading right / because they look like real news websites.
​
– in other words, stories that have been 8 At the end of the presentation, the speaker
created with the intention of making tells people not to share / explains the consequences
​
people 4believe things that aren’t true. of sharing news stories too quickly.

STEP 3
Skill focus 7 Pairwork Discuss the questions.

Identify linking words and relationships 1 How carefully do you check a story before you share or
between ideas repost it?
Identifying different types of linking words and phrases 2 Have you ever bought a product after reading a
will help you understand the relationship between sponsored story?
different ideas.
3 Why do you think people share stories without checking
Sequencing: first second then finally
whether they are true or not?
Addition: also too as well (as)
Purpose: in order to to for with the intention of +ing 4 What damage can fake news do?
Contrast: however whereas in fact actually 5 Which do you think is worse, misinformation or
instead disinformation? Why?
Reason and result: because (of) as so as a result (of)
Logical relations: if … then unless (even) when Challenge
Write two short news reports—one fake and the other
3 Read the Skill focus. Then underline the linking one about something real. Exchange your news with
words or phrases that link to answers 1–4 in another student. Can they guess which one is fake?
sixty-nine

exercise 2.

Workbook p.W33 69
 Reading Understand an article about satire and censorship

1 Pairwork Match the words below to

definitions 1–3. Funny not
satire propaganda censorship
funny: the power


of satire
 ​
 ​
1 statements that may be false or exaggerated to
help a political cause propaganda by Meera Singh
2 a way to criticize a person, an idea, or an Comedian Sarah Cooper didn’t know much about TikTok and
institution, using humor satire lip-syncing (moving your mouth silently so that its movements
3 controlling the information and ideas that are match the sound of a recorded song or video) until she asked
available to people by removing parts of books, her teenage nephews to show her how the app worked. She
movies, etc. censorship forgot all about it until the following year when she heard
comments made by Donald Trump, the U.S. president at
2 081 Read and listen. Match A–E with 1–5. the time, in a TV press conference. As she listened, Cooper
1 Sarah Cooper C found the perfect opportunity to create some short pieces of
political satire.
2 Ancient Greeks and Romans E
Cooper decided that TikTok was the perfect platform for what
3 George Orwell A
she wanted to do. She made a series of videos in which she
4 The Ministry of Information D lip-synced recordings of Trump talking. She didn’t change his
5 The Ministry of Truth B words in any way, but she added her own body language to
make fun of and criticize the president. She shared the videos
A wrote propaganda and satirical novels.
on TikTok, and they soon went viral.
B is a fictional organization.
Videos like Cooper’s are a modern form of satire, but satire
C made some satirical videos. itself is nothing new. It’s been used as a form of entertainment
D controlled the BBC during the Second World War. in drama, poetry, art, and fiction since the times of Ancient
E were entertained by satire. Greece and Rome. It’s a powerful form of expression that at
times has experienced government censorship.
Skill focus Animal Farm and 1984 are two famous 20th-century political
satires by English novelist George Orwell. Published in 1949,
Recognize topic sentences
1984 deals with the topics of propaganda and censorship.
Topic sentences express the central topic and idea of
each paragraph in a text. They may appear anywhere Orwell himself had worked for the BBC during the Second
in the paragraph, but they are often at the beginning World War, making propaganda radio programs when the
or end. Recognizing topic sentences as you read broadcaster was controlled by the government’s Ministry
shows you how the main ideas in the text are of Information.
connected and keeps you focused on the argument. 1984 is set in an imagined future, in a super-state called
Oceania, which is ruled by a single political party. The Party
3 081 Read and listen again. Find and underline and their leader, Big Brother, have total control over every
the topic sentence in each paragraph. The first aspect of people’s lives, including their news, their language,
one is done for you. and even their thoughts. Winston Smith, an ordinary citizen,
works at Oceania’s Ministry of Truth, where he has to change
4 Choose the correct answers, a or b. facts and figures in old news reports so that the Party looks
1 Sarah Cooper found out about lip-syncing good at all times. The novel follows Smith as he starts to
a through a conversation with her nephews. question the world he lives in and its structures of control.
b when she was making some political satire Does the phrase “Big Brother is watching you” sound familiar?
about Trump. It’s a phrase from 1984. While the novel isn’t “laugh out loud”
2 Cooper funny like Cooper’s TikToks, the questions it raises about
a used Trump’s words to make people think government, control, the media, truth, and lies are just as
important now as they were in 1949. Satire gives power to the
differently about him.
people, so we must continue to create it and it should never
b made Trump’s words funny by changing them.
be censored.
3 What’s true about satire?
a Governments have never stopped it.
Check it out
b It uses humor to communicate a serious
broadcaster censor censorship platform propaganda
message.
raise questions
4 In 1984, Winston Smith
a writes a satire about the Party and Big Brother. 5 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.
b works in the media. 1 Would you rather watch Sarah Cooper’s videos or read
5 The writer of the article thinks 1984 George Orwell’s books? Why?
seventy

a is funnier than Sarah Cooper’s Tik-Toks. 2 Is satire a good way of criticizing people, ideas, and
b has an important message for people today. institutions? Why? / Why not?

70
 Writing Write a summary
5

Media matters
Deepfakes A You see a video of cat. It has a famous
actor’s face and it’s dancing. The same
technology that was used to make it is
You see a video of cat. It has a being used in the production of deepfakes.
famous actor’s face and it’s dancing. Deepfakes are a powerful force for
You know it’s not real, but it’s influence and control. How will they
strangely convincing. It makes change governments?
you laugh and you share it with
your friends. B The same technology that’s used to make
Funny videos like this are very entertaining and they’re often shared funny videos is used to create deepfakes.
widely online. Now, though, the same artificial intelligence (AI) technology While some of these convincing videos
that’s used to make them is being used in a much more harmful way – in are made for entertainment, others are
the production of deepfakes. deliberately designed to mislead people
When you watch a deepfake, it’s easy to believe it’s real, as you see real and to spread fake news and propaganda.
people doing and saying things that they never actually said or did. While The issue raises important questions
some of these videos are designed to be funny or satirical, many more are about trust and power. ✓
deliberately created to mislead people into believing information that isn’t
true and to spread false information to help a political cause. C Funny videos are very entertaining and
Apps like Filmora, Funimate, and Tik-Tok all have technology that makes they’re often shared widely online. They’re
it easy to create short, edited videos, but to make deepfakes you need made with AI, which is also used to make
software that’s much harder to use. It won’t be long, though, before the deepfakes. Some deepfake videos are very
technology becomes easier to use. How will it change what people realistic and funny, but others are used for
believe and who they trust? How will it affect the balance of power different purposes. You can’t use apps like
around the world? Filmora, Funimate, and Tik-Tok to make
deepfake videos.

3 In your own words, write an introductory sentence for

STEP 1 your summary that combines the points in exercise 2.
In her article …, … argues that …
1 Read the Skill focus. Then read the article about
4 Answer the questions. Do not write more than one
deepfakes and choose the best summary, A, B, or C.
sentence for each answer.
1 What does Singh say about Cooper?
Skill focus
She explains how …
Summarize information from text sources
2 What does she say about the history of satire?
When we write a non-fiction text, we need to use
information from other sources (e.g., articles, blog
She points out that …
posts, books) to generate ideas for our own text. We 3 What does she say Orwell?
usually need to summarize this information to make it Singh then discusses Orwell, who wrote …
usable. To write a summary, start with an introductory 4 What key points does she make about 1984?
sentence giving the title, author, and the main point of
the whole text. Then identify the key points in the text
She explains …
and rewrite these in as few words as possible, leaving out 5 How does Singh compare and contrast the two
non-essential details. Finish your summary with another writers? Although Singh finds Cooper’s …
sentence about the overall argument of the text. 6 What does Singh believe strongly about satire?
Singh …
5 Count how many words you have written in your
STEP 2 answers to exercises 3 and 4. If it’s less than 150
words, underline some key information in the article
2 The article on p.70 is about 420 words. You are going to add to your summary.
to write a summary of it in 150–175 words. First,
answer these three questions.
1 Who wrote the article? STEP 3
2 What is it called? 6 Using your answers from exercises 2–5, write a
150–175-word summary of the text on p.70.
seventy-one

3 Which of the six topic sentences in exercise 3 (p.70) Remember to check that your work is accurate
summarizes the main point of the whole article? and sounds natural.

71
 Global skills Understand how to analyze and evaluate information objectively

▸ Creativity and critical thinking

Critical thinking
1 Pairwork Read statements A–F about non-fiction texts.
Are they true for you? Write Y (Yes), S (Sometimes), or
Critical thinking is an essential life skill in
N (No).
education, at work, and in everyday life. Bloom’s
A When I read or listen to texts, the main ideas, concepts, taxonomy breaks it down into six stages,
and arguments are usually clear to me. described below. We’ve used engaging with the
B I often talk and write about things I read or hear. news as an example.

 ​
C I’m always curious to know where the writer or speaker D Level 1 Remember
got their facts from, and whether or not I can trust This level involves memorizing facts and details
them. – like who, what, where, when, how, and why.
 ​
D I find it easy to remember facts. It’s something you have to do at school. When
it comes to the news, it’s about remembering
 ​
E I use the knowledge I learn from what I read and hear to names, dates, places, etc. of key events.
make decisions about how I live my life.
A Level 2 Understand
 ​
F I read things in great detail and listen very carefully so
This second stage is about comprehending the
that I understand the relationship between different
overall meaning of a piece of text. It’s about
points and how these contribute to the message. understanding the significance of a particular
 ​
2 Look at the diagram and answer the questions. Then news event and, in some cases, seeing how this
event relates to past and future events.
read the paragraph about it and check your answers.
1 What are all the skills in the pyramid connected with? E Level 3 Apply
At some point, you will need to start applying the
2 What kind of skills are at the bottom of the pyramid and
knowledge you’ve gained by reading and listening
what kind are higher up?
to the news. This might mean making decisions
3 How do these skills help learners? create about things like your health, your studies, your
Bloom’s taxonomy is a classification of thinking skills, future career and, when you’re older, which
skills we can use to judge information and decide if evaluate politicians you vote for.
it is true or not. Bloom’s taxonomy starts with the
analyze F Level 4 Analyze
most basic skill and moves up to higher-order skills,
Analyzing involves simplifying complex
or “critical thinking” skills. It was designed to apply
encourage learners to engage with knowledge in a
information in a text. In order to do this, you
more interactive way to learn more deeply. It was understand need to break down the information into smaller
created for education but can be applied to all parts and organize these parts so that you can
types of thinking. remember understand how they relate to each other and to
the overall purpose and structure of a text.
C Level 5 Evaluate
3 082 Read and listen. Match statements A–F in
Evaluating means judging the standards of what
exercise 1 with levels 1–6 of critical thinking.
you are reading or hearing. It involves asking
4 Imagine you have to write a blog post abut an event in yourself questions like ‘‘Is this information
the news. During which level of thinking would you … ? accurate?’’, ‘‘Is the source reliable and credible?’’,
‘‘Are the arguments reasonable and logical?’’
A consider the reasons for the event and its possible
When working with news items, you need to
consequences 2 consider whether the writer or speaker has
B write the blog post 6 evidence for the points they are making, and
C read information about the event from more than one whether they are showing bias*.
source and focus on the key facts 1 B Level 6 Create
D think about how you feel about the event and how it This highest level of critical thinking involves
might affect you and other people 3 producing a final piece from what you have heard
or read – an essay, for example, or a presentation.
E notice that a writer has made several factual errors and
In terms of the news, it could mean writing a blog
hasn’t said where they got their information from 5
post in which you contrast different opinions on
F notice that a writer has made a lot of negative a current event, or in which you give your own
arguments about the event without making any positive perspective on it.
points 4
*bias = strong feeling in favor of or against one
5 Pairwork Discuss the questions. group of people, or one side in an argument, often
1 How important do you think it is to think critically at not based on fair judgement
seventy-two

school?
2 Which levels of thinking would you like to practice
ct
more? Why?
Go to the proje
72
 My progress
5
Language practice

Media matters
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 2 Complete the sentences.
No way!
billboard brand commercial
1 I don’t believe it!
 ​
​
​
influence publicity slogan
2 You’re joking
 ​
 ​
!
Have you seen that new Apple commercial? It’s really 3 It really gets on my nerves .
attention-grabbing.
4 It really makes me angry when people drop
1 There was a lot of publicity for that movie, but garbage.
in the end, it wasn’t a great success.
5 It drives me crazy when people talk loudly
2 Nike has been a popular brand since 1971. at the movie theater when I’m watching a movie.
3 Advertising can have a huge influence on what
children want to eat and drink. 5
4 Nike’s “Just do it” slogan was created by an
advertising agency in 1988.
5 There’s a huge billboard advertising
sunglasses outside my window at work. 5

Grammar practice
3 Complete the reported statements. 4 Choose the correct answers to complete the reported
Paul said to me, “I’ve read about 50 reviews.” questions, requests, and commands.
Paul told me he’d read about 50 reviews. “Do you remember the slogan?”
1 Luke said, “I’m going to contact you.” She asked us if we remembered/ to remember /
​
Luke said (that) he was going to contact me. how we remember the slogan.

2 Anna said to us, “I can help you.” 1 “Did it get much publicity?”

Anna told us (that) she could help us. He asked me whether it gets / to get / if it had had

​
much publicity.
3 Mark said, “James and I are designing a new ad.”
2 “Open the box.”
Mark said that he and James were
designing a new ad. She told me that she would open / to open /
​
whether she’d opened the box.
4 Kate said, “I’ll finish the report tomorrow.”
3 “Where will you buy it?”
Kate said(that) she would / ’d finish the
report the next / following day. He asked me where I would buy / to buy /
4
​
would I buy it. 3

Reflect
▸ What information did you find the most interesting in Unit 5? Why?
▸ Which lesson did you find the most challenging? Why?
▸ Which lesson in this unit did you enjoy the most? Why?

I can… I can do
this well
this is OK
I need
practice
talk about advertising. (pp.62–63)

use reported speech. (p.65)

express annoyance and disbelief. (pp.66–67)

use reported questions and commands. (p.68)

seventy-three

understand a talk about fake news and how to recognize it. (p.69)

understand an article about satire and censorship. (p.70)

write a summary. (p.71)

Workbook pp.W30–w36 73
In this unit, we
6
will …
Food fo
1
r t h o u g h t
2

▸ talk about fo
od
perience
▸ describe an ex
media post
▸ write a social
e power of
▸ understand th
society
positive action in Sushi is made from raw fish and The meat was so tough I couldn’t
rice. chew it.

3 4 5

Many Mexican dishes are hot Salty snacks like pretzels and
and spicy . Plain rice is bland and boring. potato chips make me thirsty.

6 7

Mmmm! I love crispy chicken strips. Markets are great for fresh vegetables.

Describing food
1 What’s your favorite food? How often do you eat it?

2 083 Complete sentences 1–7 above with the adjectives in the box. Then listen, check, and repeat.

spicy bland fresh tough raw crispy salty

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
3 Pairwork Discuss the questions.
1 How much fresh food do you eat? 4 Do you prefer bland food or spicy food? Why?
2 What kinds of salty snacks do you like? 5 What kinds of sweet snacks do you eat?
3 Would you rather eat raw fish, a tough steak, or
neither? Why?

4 Read the example sentence and choose the correct meaning of food for thought, a or b.

That article about the effects of climate change

seventy-four

on food production gave me food for thought. Link to life

How does food production affect
a ideas that make you hungry or thirsty climate change? How is climate
change affecting food production?
b ideas that make you think seriously and carefully

74 Workbook p.W37
 Key language
6
Preparing food Sophie and Mike’s vlog

Food for thought

5 084 Look at the pictures for two different recipes
and put the instructions in the correct order. Then
listen and check.

Pasta with fresh

tomato sauce
Taste test

STEP 1
1 Look at the picture. What is Mike giving Sophie?
4 Fry them in olive oil until they are soft. Who made it?
6 Serve the pasta and sauce with cheese on top.

2
 
2 Add the pasta and cook it for about STEP
 
six minutes.
5 After that, taste the sauce and add some salt
2 085 Watch or listen. How many points out of
 
and pepper.
ten does Sophie give each course? Write the number.
1 First, boil some water in a big pot. First course 7 Main course 8 Dessert 10
3 Next, make the sauce. Chop up some tomatoes
3 085 Watch or listen again. Answer the
 
and onions.
questions. Use between one and four words.
1 When did Mike start learning to cook?

Yummy chocolate cake

a few months ago
2 Which two fresh vegetables are in the soup?
onions, garlic
3 Which country is the main course from?
Thailand
4 Which three adjectives does Sophie use to describe
the main course?
delicious, spicy, fishy
4 Bake for 20–25 minutes at 180°C. 5 Which country is the dessert from?
3 After that, mix in the hot chocolate, and Mexico
pour the batter into a cake pan.
1 First, melt the chocolate in a pan over
boiling water. STEP 3
5 Finally, decorate your delicious cake!
2 Next, in a bowl, mix together the butter
4 Pairwork Ask and answer the questions.

and sugar, and then add the eggs and 1 Which dishes in the video would you like to try? Why?
flour. 2 What food from other countries do you like? Why do
you like it?
3 What can you cook?
6 Pairwork Make a list of food and dishes that you like. 4 Would you like to be a professional chef? Why? /
Then write a recipe for your favorite. Use sequencing Why not?
words: first, next, after that, finally, and the recipes in
exercise 5 to help you. Real English
seventy-five

Check the meaning of these words and phrases.

Challenge really getting into Coming right up!
Write a description of your perfect meal. leave room for dessert the best yet

Workbook p.W37 75
 GrammarandLesson
Reading Grammar
heading

Memorable Meals
Eating is part of life, but now and then we have
a dining experience we remember forever.

F ood is my passion, so I recently booked

online for a supper club meal. Supper
clubs are organized by wannabe chefs who
cook informal meals in their home. Eating
with strangers was a little strange at first, but

I can’t deny I enjoy a little fast food from time to time, but I absolutely
loved my slow food experience last fall. My dad took me to an event
organized by a chef, Petra, who’s into foraging. Foraging is when you
Maria, our hostess and chef, soon got us all
chatting. The appetizer was a plate of seafood
with a delicious sauce. It was served with a
go into the countryside and find food that’s edible – it’s safe to eat, in basket of freshly-baked garlic bread. Next, we
other words. We started the day at the beach, where we found seafood had sweet and sour chicken with spicy rice.
and seaweed. We then walked through a forest. Petra taught us about Dessert was a slice of chocolate cake with a
the plants there, and we found more ingredients for our meal. A few large portion of Maria’s creamy homemade
hours later we arrived at Petra’s outdoor restaurant, where Petra created ice cream. The atmosphere was relaxed and
an amazing meal for us and we learned some interesting cooking the food outstanding. Maria is experimenting
techniques. We sat and ate together as the sun set, chatting about the with recipes at her club because she hopes to
experience of the day. It was awesome! (Only go foraging with someone open her own restaurant one day. Only a small
who knows what’s edible and what’s not – there are some berries and percentage of people succeed, but with food
mushrooms that can make you really sick.) Celine like that, she can’t go wrong! Oliver

W e stopped at a restaurant on the way home from a soccer game one night.
There were very few people there, and we soon found out why. I don’t like to
talk badly about someone’s business, but in these cases honesty is important. The
food was a disaster. The meat was tough, and I found a hair in my rice. Gross! My
sister’s soup was too salty, and her pasta was cold. The service was terrible, too. I
ordered a glass of water, but I never got it. We saw the server drop a few slices of
bread and then put them back in the bread basket! But worst of all, as we were
leaving, a rat ran out of a pile of garbage outside the kitchen door. It came as no
surprise when we heard later that the place had been closed because of its poor
health practices! Owen

Check it out
Find these words and check their meanings. Link to life
deny wannabe Gross!
What are the pros and cons of fast food?
 ​
 ​
1 How often do you eat in a restaurant or café? How often
do you eat at someone else’s house? How often do you eat 4 Read the sentences from the blog. Are the bold
outdoors? nouns count or noncount? Write C or NC.
1 We started the day at the beach, where we
2 086 Read and listen. Find out which dining experience …
found seafood and seaweed. NC
1 was disappointing. C
2 We then walked through a forest. C
2 helped someone’s career development. B
3 Food is my passion. NC
3 was educational. A
4 Eating with strangers was a bit odd at
3 Choose the correct alternatives. first. C
1 Celine never / sometimes eats fast food. 5 The atmosphere was relaxed. NC
​
2 Celine enjoyed / didn’t enjoy her slow food experience. 6 I don’t like to talk badly about someone’s
​
business, but in these cases honesty is
seventy-six

3 You eat with people you know / don’t know at supper clubs.
important. NC
​
4 Oliver ate very little / a lot of food at Maria’s house.
​
5 Not many / A lot of people were eating at the restaurant 5 Pairwork What memorable meals have
​
when Owen and his sister arrived. you had?

76
 6
Count and noncount nouns 8 Rewrite the sentences so they have the same

Food for thought

meaning. Use the words in parentheses.
Think She has two friends. (many)
Choose the correct alternatives and match the She doesn’t have many friends.
sentences from exercise 4 with the rules. 1 There are three eggs left. (a few)
Count nouns There are a few eggs left.
Count nouns have singular and / or plural forms, and
2 How many days did you spend there? (much time)
we can use the definite / indefinite article a / an with
them. 2 4 How much time did you spend there?
Noncount nouns 3 Nearly all the students arrived late. (most)
Noncount nouns have a / no plural form and we use Most of the students arrived late.
a singular verb with them. We can use the definite / 4 There aren’t any apples. (no)
indefinite article with noncount nouns when we refer to
something specific. 5
There are no apples.
Abstract nouns are noncount, e.g., advice, help, laughter, 5 There has been hardly any progress. (little)
humor, honesty. When they are used in general, we use / There has been little progress.
do not use a definite article. 6 6 We have a lot of information. (a great deal)
We do not usually use the indefinite article a / an with
We have a great deal of information.
noncount nouns. 1 3
7 Not many people attended the course. (few)
Reference pp.W37–38 Few people attended the course.
9 Pairwork Write questions with how much / many.
Look Then take turns asking and answering in pairs.
Some nouns can be both count and noncount, but they 1 time / spend / talk on phone?
have different meanings.
2 classes / take / after school?
She has no experience. It was a weird experience.
3 money / spend on / clothes?
6 Complete the sentences with the words in 4 people / your class?
parentheses. Add an article if necessary. 5 fruit / eat / day?
1 Could you pass me the salt , please? (salt)
How much time do you spend talking on the phone?
2 How many burgers have you ordered? (burger)
3 My friends never drink coffee . (coffee)
4 Pasta is my favorite food. (pasta) Not much! I probably spend a few minutes a day
talking. I usually message my friends.
5 I drink a glass of water every morning. (glass)
6 Are there any lemons left? (lemon)
7 He started serving once all the guests had
arrived. (guest)
Noncount nouns: collocations
8 Variety is the spice of life. (variety) 10 Complete the noun collocations from the text. Then
find more examples.
Look 1 a plate of seafood
I have a little time to cook. = some, a small amount of 2 a slice of chocolate cake
I have (very) little time to cook. = not much, hardly any 3 a glass of water
There were a few customers. = some, a small number of
There were (very) few customers. = not many, hardly any
11 Match the noun collocations.
We have less time today than yesterday. 1 a cup of a salt
We have fewer customers today than yesterday. 2 a bottle of b art
3 a pinch of c young people
7 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 a bowl of d coffee
1 There’s too much / many salt in this. 5 a piece of e water
2 Servers here earn very little / very few money. 6 a majority of f advice
3 Few / Little people come here because it’s too far. 7 a portion of g soup
4 Fewer / Less people cook meals these days. 8 a work of h fries
seventy-seven

5 You eat too many / too much cookies.

6 Sorry, there’s only a little / a few mustard left.
7 The burger has fewer / less fat than the pizza.
8 There aren’t any / some cookies left.

Workbook p.W38 77
 Speaking Describe an experience

1 What music festivals are there in your country?

Have you ever been to one?

2 087 Watch, listen, or read. What did Maki

like least at the festival?
Erwin How was the festival?
Maki Awesome! It was the best festival I’ve ever
been to. It’s a shame you weren’t able to
come. I haven’t had so much fun for ages!
Erwin That’s good. I’m glad you enjoyed it. Did you
take a tent?
Maki Yes. There was a special camping area.
Erwin Really? What was that like?
Maki To be honest, I was a little disappointed with
it. There were hundreds of tents, but the
facilities were … well, I won’t go into details,
but they were awful. 4 088 Complete the phrases from the dialogue. Then

Erwin Oh no! And what did you do for food? listen, check, and repeat.
Maki There were stalls selling amazing food from Positive comments about an experience
all over the world. Take a look at this. It’s a
Hawaiian rainbow ice cream. Pretty, isn’t it? It was 1 the best festival I’ve ever been to.
Erwin Great!
Maki I also tried some sushi, but they were a bit I haven’t had 2 so much fun for ages.
bland.
Erwin Were there many good bands? The last band was 3 so good !
Maki Yeah! That was the best part. And the last
band was so good. The crowd went crazy.
Erwin It sounds like you had a fantastic time. That was 4 the best part .
Maki Yeah! I just had the best time ever. I’m
definitely going again next year. I just 5 had the best time ever!
Erwin I hope I’ll be able to go, too.

3 Pairwork Read the Skill focus. Practice the Negative comments about an experience
dialogue in exercise 2. Pay attention to how you
To be honest, I was 6 a little disappointed with it.
use questions, comments, and body language to
maintain the conversation.
They were 7 awful .
Skill Focus
Maintain a conversation I tried (sushi), but they were 8 a bit bland.
When two people are having a conversation, both
speakers have a responsibility to maintain the
conversation. Here are some ways you can do this:
• Show that you’ve listened: That’s great news! Oh, I’m

sorry to hear that. That must have been really hard.
• Express interest: Awesome! Really? Did you? Wow!

Cool!
• Ask questions: Who/What/Where/Why/When/How

(Wh- questions work better than Yes/No questions)
• You can also use body language to help keep the

conversation going. Turning towards the other
speaker, nodding your head, making eye contact,
smiling, and other facial expressions all indicate that
you want to keep listening and talking.
seventy-eight

78
 6
Beat the clock

Food for thought

In pairs, you have two minutes to write down as many exciting events or places to visit as you can think of.

Events / places

5 089 Listen to three conversations. Match the conversations 6 089 Listen again and choose the correct
with the pictures. There is one extra picture. alternatives.
1 Sofia went to Holiday World on Saturday /
a yesterday.
2 She liked the water park / roller coaster
best.
3 Diego got back from New York last night /
on Sunday.
4 He liked the musical / the sights best.
5 Su went to a safari park with her friends /
family.
2 6 She says that the kangaroo park /
drive-through area was disappointing.
b
7 Pairwork Take turns asking and
answering questions about the situations
below.
1 You went to a rock concert last Saturday.
2 You had a meal at a Chinese restaurant last
night.
3 You visited a museum yesterday.
4 You went to a party last weekend.
1
Mediation
c
Tell your partner about an event you’ve
attended or an interesting place you’ve
visited. Listen to your partner, show
interest, and ask questions. Take notes
about their experience.
Now work with a new partner. Tell them
about your first partner’s experiences.
Listen to your new partner and show
interest.

d Link to life
Which places in the world would you like
to visit? What would you like to see and do
there?
seventy-nine

Workbook p.W40 Extra communication p.87 79

 Reading and Grammar
1 090 Read and listen. Choose the best title. 3 Complete the sentences with can, could,
A Changing fashions in food B Perfecting food processing couldn’t, or be able to. More than one answer
C The art and science of food may be possible.
1 Someday, people will be able to travel
Do any of your favorite foods come from faraway places? to Mars.
These days, we are able to eat a wide variety of fresh food 2 She’s a talented musician. She can
that people couldn’t enjoy in the past. play the guitar and the piano.
For thousands of years, people preserved meat, fish, fruit, and 3 Luckily, we were able to get the last bus
vegetables by drying them or keeping them cold or in salt. home last night.
These methods are still used today, but you can’t dry food
4 She could read when she was four.
without making it tougher, and salt makes food salty.
5 I felt better this morning, so I was able to
In 1809, French chef and inventor Nicolas Appert managed
to preserve fresh food by putting the food in glass bottles go to school.
that were completely closed and boiling them in hot water. 6 They were able to climb the mountain, but
He couldn’t explain exactly how his method worked, only that it was harder than they expected.
it was something to do with the heat and the fact that no air 7 We wanted to go to the soccer game, but we
could get into the bottles. Soon metal cans were being used
couldn’t / weren’t able to get tickets.
more than glass bottles. The canning industry grew rapidly
and is still huge today. 4 Pairwork Tell your partner about an occasion
In the future, the hope is that we will when you were able to do something that
be able to preserve food with less harm was hard.
to the environment, for example with
HPP (High Pressure Processing), which 5 Read the dialogue and complete the rules in
doesn’t need heat. the Think box below.
A Can I use your cell phone, please?
B Yes, of course, you can.
Ancient food A Could I borrow your pen, please?
B No, sorry, you can’t. I need it.
When a 2,400-year-old shipwreck was discovered off the
coast of Greece in 2006, researchers were able to get DNA
from a clay pot and discovered it had once contained olive oil Think
and herbs! Complete the rule.
Permission: can / could
2 Complete the extracts from the text. We use 1 can or 2 could to ask
1 We are able to for permission.
eat a wide variety of fresh food …
3
Could is more polite than 4 can .
2 … that people couldn’t enjoy in the past.
We use can’t
5
to refuse permission.
3 … you can’t dry food without making it tougher,
4 Nicolas Appert managed to preserve fresh food by … Reference pp.W37–38
5 He couldn’t explain exactly how his method worked …
6 Pairwork Take turns asking for and giving or
6 … we ’ll be able to preserve food with less harm to …
refusing permission in the following situations.
7 Researchers were able to get DNA from a clay pot …
• You want to leave class early (the teacher).
• You want to meet a friend tonight (your dad).
Permission and ability: can, could, • You want to close the window (teacher).
and be able to • You want to borrow a book (your friend).
• You want to go swimming (your mom).
Think
Complete the rules. Match the sentences in exercise 2 with Challenge
the rules. Write about two occasions in the past when
a We use can / can’t or be able to to talk about general you wanted to do something, but you couldn’t.

abilities in the present. 1 On Saturday, I wanted to play soccer.
b We use could / couldn’t to talk about general abilities in Unfortunately, I couldn’t because I had

the past. 2 injured my foot the day before when I
c To talk about ability on one occasion in the past, we use was playing at the park.

was / were able to or managed to , not could,
in the affirmative. 4 7 However, in the negative, we
can also use couldn’t 5
eighty

d To talk about abilities in the future, we use be able to ,


not can. 6

80 Workbook p.W39
 Listening Understand a talk about culture shock
6
1 2

Food for thought

STEP STEP
1 How would you feel if you went to live in a different 4 092 Read the Skill focus. Listen to someone talking
country? Choose from the adjectives in the box. about culture shock and identify the genre, audience,
and speaker’s purpose. Choose the correct answers.
depressed excited homesick lonely relaxed
1 The speaker is
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
a chatting about their experience with culture shock.
2 091 Read and listen. Complete the text with the
b giving a talk about culture shock.
words in exercise 1. Then listen and check.
2 The speaker is talking to
a some students who have come to the U.S. from

Culture shock abroad.

b some students who are going to travel abroad.
Leaving home and studying in a new country can be a stressful 3 The speaker wants to
experience even if you have planned your trip carefully. After
a entertain. b help.
a few weeks, most people are affected in some way by culture
shock. Moving from one familiar culture to an unfamiliar one,
they often also feel 1homesick for family and friends. Skill focus
The majority of people go through four stages in culture shock, Identify genre, audience, and purpose
characterized by different emotions and feelings. There are a When listening to a talk, it’s important to understand the
lot of things you can do to reduce the impact of culture shock, context before you focus on details. There are usually
clues in the way people speak and what they say. Think
but first you need to be aware of the different stages you’re
about:
likely to go through.
• What’s the genre? A story? A conversation? A talk?

The honeymoon stage is when you first arrive, and everything A presentation? Is it formal or informal?
is new and wonderful. You feel 2excited and life’s • Who is the audience? People the speaker knows or

an adventure. You want to stay forever! After a few weeks, doesn't know? People older or younger than them?
you start getting negative feelings. You may get annoyed or A large or small group?
frustrated with people and things, or feel unhappy and • What’s the purpose? To educate and inform the

3lonely listener(s)? Or to persuade, entertain, advise, or
. This is the frustration stage, and it’s the
something else?
hardest because you could cut yourself off from other people
and become 4depressed .
Then, after a while, you start to feel more familiar and 5 093 Listen to the second part of the talk and
comfortable with the people, food, and language of your new number the problems mentioned in the correct
environment. This is the adjustment stage and you start to order.
enjoy life again. homesickness 5 rules of behavior 4
The final stage of culture shock is acceptance. You feel climate 1 language 3
5relaxed
and happy again. Everything feels normal and
food 2
you no longer compare it with home. Life is good again!
6 093 Listen again. Write the advice the speaker
gives for each problem.

STEP 3
7 Pairwork Discuss the questions.
1 If you were going to spend a year in a different
country, where would you choose? Why?
3 Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
2 What do you think you would miss most about
1 Students who plan their trips well are not affected by your home and country?
culture shock. F
2 When students first arrive, they don’t feel any culture 8 Presentation In pairs, brainstorm four or five
shock. T things about where you live that might be hard
for foreign students to get used to. Make an
3 To deal with culture shock, students must try to go
information poster with tips to help them. Present
through the four stages quickly. F
eighty-one

your poster to the class.

4 When the differences between home and the new
place seem less important, it indicates that students
have gotten over their culture shock. T Watch the culture video

Workbook p.W40 81
 Reading Understand an article about food festivals

Food festivals
1 Pairwork Have you ever been to a food festival? If so, what
did you see and do there? If not, what do you think happens at
food festivals?

Skill focus What could be a better way of celebrating food than

going to a food festival?
Decide on the importance of unknown words
When reading a text, you’re likely to find some unknown Food festivals invite visitors to see, smell, sample,
vocabulary. If you stop and check every unknown word in a and enjoy a wide variety of dishes and food products
dictionary, it can slow down your reading. It’s important to be presented by exhibitors and vendors. 1 C
able to decide if an unknown word is necessary for general Cooking demonstrations allow chefs to share their
understanding. If it isn’t, ignore it or underline it and check its culinary knowledge and skills with the public.
meaning later. Food festivals bring local communities together
and attract visitors from further afield. They support
2 Read the Skill focus. Then read the text and answer the local businesses, as people can taste and buy locally
questions below. Don’t worry about blanks 1–5 right now. As you sourced ingredients. 2 A Most of all, they’re a
read, decide if any unknown words are necessary for the task. great reminder of the importance and joy of food in
life and culture.
1 Does the writer feel positively or negatively about food festivals?
Here are four food festivals from around the world.
2 The writer gives information about four food festivals. Which
Which one sounds the most interesting?
countries are they in?
‘‘Salon del Chocolate’’ Chocolate Festival
3 094 Read the text again and match missing sentences A–E
Where: Quito, Ecuador
with blanks 1–5. Again, decide if unknown words are necessary When: June
for you to complete the task. Listen and check your answers. Duration: Three days
A They also educate people about cooking techniques and food What: More than 60
sustainability. producers display their
B Street food has been around since people first started living in hand-crafted chocolate
towns and cities. products.
3
D
C Some festivals focus on food and drink from a particular region
or culture, while others celebrate a specific kind of food, like St Moritz Gourmet Festival
cheese, cherries, or ice cream. Where: St Moritz, Switzerland
D Look out for the chocolate sculpture competition! When: January Duration: Nine days
What: Top chefs from more than 30 countries
E A chance to taste amazing street food from countries all around
present high-class cuisine. Each year explores
the world.
a different culinary culture, such as Japanese or
4 Find these words in the text and guess their meanings. Middle Eastern.
1 sample (verb) = taste / make something Seattle Street Food Festival
​
2 culinary (adjective) = connected to communities / cooking Where: Seattle, U.S. When: August
​
Duration: Two days
3 locally-sourced (adjective) = food that was got from
E

close by / far away What: 4
​
4 food enthusiasts (noun) = people who love / make food Vegetarian Festival
​
5 affordable (adjective) = expensive / cheap Where: Thailand When: September/October
​
Duration: Nine days
5 Now find words or phrases in the text with these meanings. What: This is a loud and lively festival with a lot to
1 people who sell things (noun) vendors see, as well as food. It’s actually vegan – so you won’t
2 farther away (adjective) farther afield find any eggs, honey, or dairy products or here.
3 made by hand (adjective) hand-crafted
4 in a hurry (adverb) pressed for time
Street food
When you’re hungry and pressed for time, what you
5 as you walk (adverb) on the move
need is street food – something that’s ready-to-eat,
6 Discuss. Which festival in the text would you most like to affordable, and that you can eat on the move if you
go to? Why? want. 5 B Evidence from Ancient Greece suggests
people were frying and selling fish on city streets
around 10,000 years ago. Street food today
Link to life ranges from simple snacks and fast food
Who benefits when we spend money at food
to dishes that take longer to prepare
– arepas (Colombia), jerk chicken
eighty-two

festivals or on street food? Who benefits

( Jamaica), chilli crab (Singapore), and
when we spend money in big supermarkets?
tacos (Mexico), to name just a few.

82
 Writing Write a social media post
6
3 What street food and drinks are popular in your
1

Food for thought

STEP country? Make notes in the table.

Street food in my country

1 Read three social media posts. Match posts A–C with
Hot / Cold savory food
1–3 below.
Hot / Cold sweet food
A Can’t get strawberries off my mind! Really looking Hot / Cold drinks
forward to next week’s Florida’s Strawberry Festival
@FLStrawberryFSt for all things strawberry, not to 4 Choose ONE of your items from exercise 3 and

🍓🍓🍓🍓🍓
mention great music and a lot of fun for all the family! make notes.
Name of street food (or drink):
https://flstrawberryfestival.com/
Visit my blog and check out my recipes for
strawberry summer pudding, strawberry shortcake, Where I eat it:
and strawberry smoothies! When I eat it:
https:///www.jakesfoodspot.com-recipes-strawberries/ Why I like it:
#BerryFest #summerpudding #strawberries #florida People I know who like or don’t like this kind of food /
👍🤍 10 comments drink:
Hashtags for this kind of food:

STEP 3
Skill focus
☹
Woke up with the worst sore throat ever. So this
is the only thing I want to eat this morning! (No
Decide on text type, audience, and features
Most writing tasks require you to write a particular
commentary on the video – I’ve lost my voice, too!) kind of text with certain features. Read the task
instructions carefully before you start writing.
Consider these questions:
C @syed04 • What kind of text does the activity require (e.g., a

letter, an article, a poster, a social media post)?
Good times @charly_fletch • What are the features of this type of text (e.g.,
@ioio2010 @tanami Thank you!

special type of layout, short paragraphs, bullet
Hafta love a bubble tea and a hot pointed lists)?
dog. (& the • Who am I writing it for? (e.g., a close friend, the

man who played the guitar public)?
and sang – what a treat!) • What kind of language and vocabulary does

#bubbletea #streetfood #hotdogs it require (e.g., formal / informal, technical /
#summernights #friends #music descriptive)?
• Is there a word count? Do I need to shorten /

lengthen my text?
1 breakfast B 2 a snack with friends C Before you finish writing, check the activity
  
3 a food event A requirements again to be sure that your text matches
them.

STEP 2 5 Read the Skill focus. Then read the activity below
and check its requirements. Use your notes from
exercise 4 to do the activity.
2 Look at social media posts A–C again and complete the
table. Write Y (yes) or N (no). Write a social media post about your favorite
street food or drink! Write about 100 words. Your
A B C 100 words can include hashtags (no more than
Does it have a picture / video? N Y Y 10) and mentions (no more than 5). Add links to
other websites if you like.
Does it have a link to another website? Y N N
eighty-three

Does it use hashtags (#)? Y N Y

6 Read the activity requirements for exercise 5 again.

👍😁😠
Does it use emojis and special
Y Y Y Check your post and make changes if necessary.
characters? ( )
Check for accuracy, too.
Does it include mentions? (e.g., @Sam7) Y N Y

83
 Global skills Understand the power of positive action

▸ Intercultural competence and citizenship 3 What’s the significance of these words and numbers
in the text?
1 Pairwork Read the list and mark your answers.
beans and maize cookies elephants 6th 100

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
✓ = I can do this. 15,000
✶ = This is possible, but it isn’t easy for me.
✗ = I’m not old enough to do this yet.
Check it out
As responsible citizens we can … Find these words and check their meanings.
read about political and social issues. crop sustainable deforestation petition
 
discuss political and social issues.
4 Pairwork Discuss the questions.
 
join organizations that fight for issues we care about.
1 What did you know about palm oil before you read
 
write to big companies and organizations.
the article?
 
make careful choices about the products we buy.
2 Has reading the article made you think differently
 
vote. about the products you buy in supermarkets? Why? /
 
protest (e.g., go on marches and demonstrations). Why not?
 
sign petitions (add our names to requests for people 3 If you were a maize farmer in El Petén, would you
 
in positions of authority to do something). protest about palm oil producers or move to another
make social media posts about issues we care about. part of the country? Why?
 
share other people’s social media posts about issues 4 What crops are grown in your country? Are there any
 
we care about. similar problems?

2 095 Read and listen. Which of the actions in

exercise 1 are mentioned in the article?

Palm oil production: a growing problem

For generations, the Q’eqchi’ Mayan community in the Guatemala
Guatemalan state of El Petén have grown maize and beans Most palm oil is produced in Southeast Asia, but
on small areas of land in the rainforest. Now, palm oil trees Guatemala is the world’s sixth biggest producer.
owned by large companies stretch in all directions around Deforestation and conflicts over land aren’t the only
them and continue to grow. Some local residents are forced to problems the industry has there. Rivers that used to
move away. Others stay and protest against what’s happening, provide water to local communities have been diverted
sometimes resulting in violent conflicts. to plantations and factories. In 2015, 100 km of the La
Pasión river in El Petén were polluted by waste from
Palm oil
a palm oil factory, killing fish, animals, and plants. The
Palm oil is in almost 50 percent of packaged supermarket pollution affected fishermen’s health and damaged their
products. It’s in cookie, donuts, and chocolate, for example, as income as they could no longer fish in the river. There
well as shampoo and toothpaste. It’s a popular crop because have been recent efforts to make palm oil production in
it produces more oil per land area than similar plants, but it’s the region more sustainable, but residents argue that not
one of the biggest causes of deforestation around the world, enough is being done.
destroying the habitats of endangered species like rhinos,
elephants, and orangutans. Taking action
The palm oil industry causes problems worldwide. What
can we do about it?
As consumers, we can make careful choices about the
products we buy. We can check food packaging to see
if a product contains palm oil, and if so, whether it’s
sustainable palm oil or not. We can sign petitions, and
we can make our voices heard on social media, as some
young people did in Indonesia in 2020. They created
TikTok videos for a competition to promote sustainable
palm oil in Indonesia. The videos got over 15,000 views
and 5,000 likes on Instagram. You don’t need to be super-
creative to influence others, though – even a simple
share can make a difference.
eighty-four

ct
Go to the proje
84
 My progress
6
Language practice

Food for thought

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the 2 Complete the sentences.
words in the box. I tried the soup, but it was a bit spicy for me.
boil melt raw salty serve tough 1 I was disappointed with the dessert.
2 I haven’t had so much
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
 ​
fun in ages!
My dad usually serves pizza with salad. 3 The best part of the festival was the food.
1 Don’t leave that ice cream on the table; 4 The pizza was so good.
it’ll melt .
5 That was the best band I’ve ever heard.
2 I like raw carrots but not cooked carrots!
3 I could hardly chew the meat; it was tough . 5
4 Boil the eggs for about five minutes.
5 Don’t eat salty foods, like potato chips.

Grammar practice
3 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the
You eat too much / many snacks. sentences.
1 I need some / an information. A be able to B manage C were able D could
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
2 Anna doesn’t drink coffee / a coffee at night. E couldn’t / weren’t able to F can

 ​
3 There were very little / few guests at the party.
4 Would you like glass / a glass of water?
He D sing very well when he was younger.

5 How much / many bread do we have?

1 We C to get all the ingredients at the market yesterday.
2 Hi Emi, F I borrow your bike again?
5 Yes, of course.
3 Will we A to grow crops on Mars?
4 We tried hard but we E open the window.
5 I didn’t B to make a reservation at the restaurant, I’m
afraid.

Reflect
▸ What information did you find the most interesting in Unit 6? Why?
▸ Which lesson did you find the most challenging? Why?
▸ Which lesson in this unit did you enjoy the most? Why?

I can… I can do
this well
this is OK
I need
practice
talk about food. (pp.74–75)

use count and noncount nouns. (p.77)

describe an experience. (p.78–79)

use can, could, and be able to for ability and permission. (p.80)

understand a talk about culture shock. (p.81)

eighty-five

understand an article about food festivals. (p.82)

write a social media post. (p.83)

Workbook pp.w37–w43 85
 Extra practice
Vocabulary Grammar
1 Match the words in the box with the definitions. 3 Exam Read the text below and choose the correct
word for each space.
consumer campaign commercial
 ​
billboard

 ​
 ​
​
logo brand sponsor
Is Internet advertising a waste
 ​
1 a company’s name for one of its of time and money?
products brand
The 1short answer is that nobody knows. The
2 a plan for how to advertise and sell a
latest
2
research shows that people don’t remember
product campaign
brand names. So, is social media advertising 3any
3 a very large visual advertisement in a public better? Only 5 percent of people say that social media
place billboard influences their purchasing decisions, 4according to a
4 someone who buys a product consumer recent report. These days, to attract the 5attention of
5 an advertisement on the radio or on TV commercial millennials, you need to create interesting short movies, or
video games, or provide a free app. Young people expect
6 an image that identifies a product logo
these things to be free. So, advertising isn’t dead, it’s just
7 a person or company that provides money for 6
evolved into something a little bit different.
something sponsor

2 Exam The people below want to go out to eat. There 1 a short 3 a any 5 a look
are five restaurant reviews. Decide which restaurant b long b really b understanding
would be the most appropriate for each one.
c unknown c very c regard
1 Martin wants to have lunch with a coworker to discuss d less d attention
d main
business. He likes Chinese food and would like to go
2 a fastest 4 a talking 6 a evolved
somewhere quiet.
b shortest b according b moved
2 Lara wants to take her boyfriend out for a special
c latest c looking c spread
dinner to celebrate their anniversary. They like
restaurants with a view and they don’t eat meat. d worst d reading d drifted
3 Mariella is a student at college and wants to go out with 4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
some friends for a quick lunch. She needs somewhere
cheap. few much many a few a little little less no
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
most fewer
 ​
a The Nosebag
1 There’s too much salt in this. I can’t eat it.
The Nosebag serves good food quickly and is popular
2 “How many people have you invited?” “Only

with young people. Good place if you don’t want to
spend too much. Open from noon to 11 p.m. a few . Most of my friends are away.”
3 Hurry up! We have very little time.
b Green Stuff 4 I couldn’t eat out because I had no money.
Green Stuff serves vegetarian dishes, cooked fresh 5 Very few people came to the food festival.

every day. Prices are towards the upper end, but
It was disappointing.
it remains very popular. This restaurant opens at
lunchtime only. 6 I have a little money left—enough to buy
two burgers.
c The Place 7 The pizza cost less than the hot dog.
Situated in Oxford’s busy city center, this little 8 Fewer people eat meat these days.

restaurant is ideal for business lunches and dinners.
You will find typical English and Chinese dishes at 5 Choose the correct alternatives. In one sentence
reasonable prices, but it can sometimes get noisy. both are correct.
1 I wish they’d speak louder. I can’t / couldn’t
d Mrs Taylor’s hear anything.
This amazing vegetarian restaurant looks onto 2 If you eat a lot now, you won’t be able to / couldn’t

beautiful gardens and you can have dinner outside, eat a big meal tonight.
too. Service can be a little slow and it’s expensive.
3 When I was six, I could / can read.

e Chinese U Like 4 Luckily, Dad could / was able to drive us home.

This friendly café serves Chinese food and is where 5 We couldn’t / weren’t able to make a reservation,

young professionals like to meet for lunch. Open until I’m afraid.
eighty-six

6 p.m. each day, you will find wonderful food at low 6 Do you think people will be able to / can live forever
prices. The queue can be kind of slow, though. someday?

86
 Extra communication
C
Communication Pronunciation

Review C
1 096 Complete the dialogue with the words in the 2 097 Which is the stressed syllable? Write the
box. Then listen and check. words in the box under the correct pattern. Then
listen, check, and repeat.
sorry nerves behind guess
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
matter makes that never promote influence product consumer
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
persuade commercial campaign media

 ​
 ​
 ​
​
Lucy What’s the 1matter , Max? Have I done review movie sponsor discussion

 ​
 ​
 ​
something wrong?
Max I’m just annoyed because you told everyone ●●● ● ●● ● ● ●●
2
that I wasn’t chosen for the soccer
influence consumer promote product
team. It really gets on my 3nerves when
media commercial persuade movie
people talk about me behind
4
my back.
discussion campaign sponsor
Lucy Oh, I’m so 5sorry about that. It
review
6
makes me angry when people do that,
too. I 7guess I just didn’t think.
Max Never
8
mind. Let’s put it behind us.

G r o u p Ch a t
3 098 Listen to five social media chats (1–5). Match the chats with the pictures the people posted
online. Write 1–5. There are three extra pictures.

a b c d

3 2

e f g h

1 5 4
Chat 4
4 098 Listen again and answer the questions using
complete sentences. 7 Why does Maria want a pancake recipe?
Chat 1 Her mom has asked her to make
1 Where was Fabio last Saturday? pancakes for breakfast tomorrow.
He was at a family meal for his 8 What ingredients does Jordan use in his recipe?
great-grandpa’s birthday. He uses milk, flour, an egg, salt, and some oil.
2 How many people did Clara know at the party? Chat 5
She only knew a few people. 9 Who did Max make the cake for?
Chat 2 He made a cake for his sister’s birthday.
3 What did the washing instructions on Hugo’s 10 What can Angie cook?
T-shirt say? She can cook easy things, like pasta
They said to wash it at 30°C. and omelets.
4 Where did he buy it?
5 Groupwork Answer the questions. Then share your
He bought it online. answers with the class.
Chat 3 1 What is the most unusual food you have ever eaten?
5 What weird food did Alex try once? 2 What unusual foods are there in your country?
eighty-seven

He tried snake meat. 3 What unusual things do people eat in other countries?
6 Who said he had eaten roadkill meat? 4 What would you do if someone served you an unusual
An Australian man said he had eaten traditional dish?
roadkill meat.
Online Practice Exam practice p.88 87
 Exam practice
1 Pairwork Discuss the questions. Listening Multiple choice (short texts)
1 Have you watched a crime movie or a crime
drama on TV recently? Did you enjoy it? Why /
3 099 For each question, choose the correct answer,
a, b, or c.
Why not?
1 A brother and sister are talking about a laptop. Which
2 Why do you think people commit theft? What
crime has been committed?
about shoplifting? Vandalism? Internet crime?
a burglary
3 If you could do something to help the victims of
b Internet crime
crime, what would you do? Why?
c theft
2 Two classmates are talking about a team project at school.
Reading Gapped sentences The boy thinks the girl should
2 You are going to read a text about a famous a express her feelings.
robbery. Five sentences have been removed from b ask for help.
the article. Choose from sentences A–H the one c recognize that she was wrong.
which fills each gap (1–5). There are three extra 3 A girl is leaving a voicemail message for her friend. Why is
sentences. the girl leaving a message?
A He had pretended to work in the diamond trade a to make an arrangement
and rented an office close to the Diamond Centre. b to apologise
B Most of the stolen diamonds have never been c to tell a joke
found, and the Antwerp diamond heist remains an 4 Two friends are talking about a crime series on TV. What
intriguing case. does the boy say about it?
C After they’d committed the robbery, they returned a His parents had told him about it.
to the office.
b He didn’t see the first episode.
D They didn’t need to turn on any lights, because c He’s going to watch the next episode.
they had learned exactly how the room was
5 Two classmates are on a school trip. What are they trying
arranged.
to do?
E A similar crime had been committed in New York
a read a map
many years earlier.
b use a foreign language
F It was one of the biggest robberies ever, and
c remember a name
certainly the largest diamond heist in history.
6 A boy is leaving a voicemail message for his friend. Why is
G Notarbartolo had committed many other thefts
the boy leaving a message?
before the Antwerp diamond heist.
a to ask a question
H They were found, and among them was a receipt
b to offer to do something
for a sandwich Notarbartolo had bought in a
supermarket. c to report a crime

The Antwerp diamond heist*

In February 2003, a group of the thieves stole diamonds, the next morning, but the crime wasn’t discovered until
gold, silver and jewelry worth millions of dollars from the Monday morning, when traders arrived for work.
Antwerp Diamond Centre in Brussels. 1 F Four suspects Although the thieves had planned the crime carefully,
were arrested, charged, and spent time in prison for it, but they made one important mistake. Instead of burning the
most of the stolen diamonds have never been found. papers they’d written their plans on, they threw them away
The thieves who committed the robbery were a group of in a forest. 4 H Notarbartolo was arrested in June 2003
men led by Leonardo Notarbartolo. 2 A From the office, and spent ten years in prison. Three of the other four gang
the gang spent eighteen months carefully preparing for the members spent five years in prison. The fifth member has
heist. They studied the layout of the vault (the room where never been caught.
the most precious items were kept), the security cameras The theft shocked the diamond industry and acted as
and the alarm systems, looking for weak points that they a reminder that even the strongest vaults and security
could use to their advantage. systems can be broken into. 5 B
On Saturday, February 15th, the night of the heist, the gang
got past the security system and into the vault. 3 D
Wearing plastic gloves, they broke into over 120 safety
eighty-eight

deposit boxes and stole items believed to be worth around

$100 million. The gang left the centre at around 5.30 a.m.

*heist = an act of stealing something valuable from a shop or bank

88
 A





Listening Gap fill Speaking A short talk


4 100 For each question, listen and write the correct
answer. Write one or two words or a number or a date
Exam strategy
or a time. You will hear part of a crime report on a Speaking: A short talk with photos
radio program called Crime Night. Make sure you read the task carefully so you know how
many photos to talk about and what kind of things to say
about them.
Camden Burglaries – Crime Report
6 You are going to give a talk about different jobs
connected with crime. Choose two photographs. Tell
Police want to solve a series the class why you think people would choose to do
of burglaries. The first one was these jobs.
committed on 1
May 12th on
Jackson Street, Camden. The burglar
stole a laptop worth 2£1,200
and a television. He also stole some
3
car keys . A security camera
shows the burglar walking away once,
returning, and then driving away in a
4
silver VW car. The car was also
used in a burglary on
5
May 27th . Call 608081 570302
if you have any information about
these crimes. a judge a detective

Writing A story
5 Your English teacher has asked you to write a crime
story. Your story must begin with this sentence.
I looked in the closet for the bag of gold coins,
but it wasn’t there.
Write your story in about 100 words.

Exam strategy
Writing: A story a crime film director a police officer
Good stories have a beginning, a middle, and an ending.
Plan your story to include a good ending! Speaking Follow-up questions
1 Why do we need a justice system?
2 Which crimes have increased in your country in the
last ten years?
3 Which crimes cause the biggest problems in your
country?
4 Why do people enjoy crime fiction?
5 Would you consider working in a prison?

Exam strategy
eighty-nine

Speaking: Follow-up questions

Listen carefully to what your partner says because
the examiner might ask you whether you agree or
disagree with them.

89
 Exam practice
1 Pairwork Discuss the questions. Reading Multiple choice (short texts)
1 Do you play video games? Why / Why not?
3 Look at the text in each question. Choose the correct answer,
2 Do you think playing video games is good or a, b, or c.
bad for you? Why?
3 Do you ever wish you hadn’t spent so long
playing a game? CARD AND
CONTACTLESS
Listening Multiple choice PAYMENTS ONLY
(long dialogue)
2 101 For each question, choose the correct 1 What does the sign mean?
answer, a, b, or c. You will hear an interview a You have to pay by credit card.
with a psychologist named Dr. Moore about b You can’t pay with cash.
the effects of playing video games. c You can pay with coins and bills.
1 Dr. Moore first started playing video games
a as part of a research program. Bartek
b when she was a teenager.
Sorry Nastya, I’ve only just seen your messages.
c when she was 4 or 5 years old.
I can’t believe I didn’t take my charger with
2 When did she start studying game playing?
me today! Yes, I’d love to go shopping with you
a After she had left college.
tomorrow. Let’s speak later, Bartek
b When she got her first real job. Ba
c When she returned to college.
2 Bartek
3 Research has shown that playing video games
regularly can a would have replied to Nastya sooner if he could have.
a increase the size of your brain. b thinks he should have gone shopping.
b reduce problems with the brain. c wishes he hadn’t taken his charger with him today.
c make you more intelligent.
EV
4 Other research shows that shooting CLOSING DOWN SALE E
MU RYT
ST HIN
GO G
games can UP TO 75% OFF ORIGINAL PRICES !
a be good for your eyes. ENDS SOON
b be bad for your eyes.
3 What does the sign mean?
c improve your concentration.
a Everything has been sold at a 75% discount.
5 Modern games tend to make people
b Everything is being sold at a 75% discount.
a more depressed.
c Some things are being sold at a 75% discount.
b lonelier.
c more sociable.
Hi Neelam, I was in town today and I saw the book you
suggested getting for Katie but I couldn’t afford to buy it. I tried

my account. ☹
to get some cash out from the ATM but I didn’t have enough in
Evie
4 Why is Evie writing to Neelam?
a to ask her to get some cash from the ATM
b to tell her what to get for Katie
c to explain why she didn’t buy something

Maxim

Hi Rudi, can you lend me £10 for the movie

theater tonight? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
Thanks! Maxim
Ma

5 What is Maxim writing to Rudi?

a He wants to borrow some money from Rudi.
b He’s worried about paying Rudi back tomorrow.
ninety

c He’s promising to pay Rudi back tonight.

90
 B



Reading Multiple choice (long text)


4 Read the text below and choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d for each space.

Online Shopping Online shopping often works out cheaper than shopping in
big stores in town, so you might find you can 1 to buy
more than you think!
You’ll need:
• a secure Internet connection.
• an email address.
• a 2
card (debit or credit).
Follow these steps to find online 3
!
• Use price comparison websites. Type in the name of the

 
product you’re looking for. Then 4 the magnifying
glass icon to find the cheapest online seller.
• Online sellers often offer money off products for short
 
periods of time, just like regular stores. Sign up to
websites which list all the 5 that are available now.
• 6
large shopping websites like eBay and Amazon.
 
Unusual items are often sold at lower prices because
they’re less popular.

1 a owe b earn c save d afford

2 a check b cash c bank d bill
Exam strategy
3 a bargains b sales c miss d afford
Reading: Multiple choice (cloze)
4 a click b charge c crash d close
If you aren’t sure of the correct answer,
5 a sales b discounts c price tags d tills cross out all the words that definitely aren’t
6 a Turn on b Run out of c Browse d Turn up correct before you consider the others.

Writing A “for and against” essay

5 You are going to write a “for and against” essay with the following title:
Exam strategy
Writing: A “for and against’ essay
Should teenage students do some of their classes online
at home and spend less time at school? When planning a “for and against” essay,
imagine what points your friends and
Read the Exam strategy and plan your essay. Write your essay in about family members would make “for” and
100 words. “against” the argument.

Speaking Leaving a voicemail

6 You are going to leave a voicemail message. First read the task.
Then decide what you want to say.
Your friend’s sister Meg is selling her old games console, and you’re
interested in buying it. You’ve got Meg’s phone number. Leave a message
for Meg. In your message you should:
• explain who you are.
• ask some questions about the games console.
• suggest what should happen next.

Speaking General conversation

1 How many different things do you use your phone for?
2 How hard would you find it to live without the Internet?
3 At what age do you think parents should give their children phones?
Exam strategy
ninety-one

4 How might technology change our lives for better and worse in the Speaking: General conversation
future? Remember to give reasons for your
answers when people ask you questions.
5 Is there anything you wish hadn’t been invented?

91
 Exam practice
1 Pairwork Discuss the questions.
1 What advertisements have you seen in the last
24 hours?
2 How do advertisers try to persuade us to buy
things? The best
3 Do you think people always know when they new cookbooks
are being advertised to? Why / Why not?
of the
Reading Multiple matching year
2 The people below all want to buy a cook book.
Read the eight descriptions below and decide
which cook book would be the most appropriate
for the following people. Write A–H. There are
three descriptions which you do not need to use. A In the Kitchen with Cath Oliver by Cath Oliver
1 Tom, 19, is moving away from home to a big city Cath Oliver fans will love this latest book. Cath shares recipes she learned
in September. His parents have always cooked for from her grandmother. This definitely isn’t fast food; there’s something
him, but now he needs to cook for himself, and very nostalgic about these recipes. Perfect for the home chef who’s got
on a budget. He doesn’t eat red meat. He likes time on their hands for slow roasting, baking, and stewing.
traditional home cooking, and Thai and Chinese B Plates of Beauty by Neil Dawson
food, too. Top chef Neil Dawson describes seven different food presentation styles
F appropriate for the grandest occasions, with clear step-by-step instructions
for each style. The book will inspire cooking students and sophisticated
2 Bea and Rob believe food is at the heart of family home cooks to produce meals that look as good as they taste.
life. They want to make healthy homemade suppers
C The Thai Cookbook by D.E. Zenonos
for their two young children every day, but they
The Thai Cookbook includes recipes for salads, spicy soups, noodle
both work from nine till five most days. dishes, and desserts. The book is definitely not a beginner’s guide.
D Zenonos introduces some complicated techniques, and many of the
ingredients (besides the essential fresh chili, ginger, and garlic, of course)
3 Ella, a photographer, lives in a small village in the
are hard to find in stores. The results are well worth the effort, though.
country. She’s a vegetarian. She’s been cooking
since she was a teenager. She’d like to start using D Fresh and Fast 2 by Wendy Bloomberg
Speed, simplicity, and nutritional value are at the heart of these 50
more unusual ingredients, but she can’t afford to
mouth-watering recipes. Here are quick pizzas, delicious salads, simple
spend a lot of money.
burger recipes, tasty stir-fries, and a few vegetarian meals, too. There’s
H also advice on how to use frozen versions when you’re in a hurry.
4 James, 36, only has one hobby: cooking. He has E A World of Feasts by Julian Tallis
taken several cooking classes and loves learning Tallis’s latest book focuses on grand meals for special occasions inspired
new skills. He usually only cooks for himself and by feasts served in China, Brazil, India, Morocco. The emphasis is
his girlfriend. They both enjoy spicy food. definitely on food for many, not a few. The section on huge desserts is
extraordinary – my favorite has to be the meter-high pear, almond and
C white chocolate cake decorated with leaves and flowers.
5 Maria and Jim are experienced cooks. Their F The Essential Veggie by Jez Ball
daughter is getting married next year. They want The Essential Veggie gives more than 100 quick, easy, cheap, and tasty
to prepare a three-course meal which will both meat-free recipes. Chapters include “Fifteen-Minute Meals,” “Spicy
taste and look amazing for the 200 guests who Curries,” “Meals from Around the World,” and “Just for One.” Ball gives
are coming to the wedding. clear detailed instructions so that even the newest chef will know what to
E do. He also suggests roughly how much each meal will cost to help with
budget planning.
G Desserts Made Simple by Ed and Macy Cameron
If you have a sweet tooth, this easy-to-follow guide will put a smile on
your face! Most of us know how to make desserts like the usual apple
pie, pancakes, and chocolate cake, but this book gives clear instructions
to help you prepare heavenly ice creams, crunchy cookies, and tempting
tarts.
H Food from the Wild by Briony Secker
Wild food is growing all around us, in fields, forests, along river banks
ninety-two

and seashores. With color photography and detailed descriptions, Secker

identifies hundreds of plants we can cook with, from berries, herbs, and
mushrooms to wild vegetables, salad leaves, and seaweed. Secker also
provides more than 100 recipes for “wild” dishes and drinks.

92
 C





Listening Multiple matching Speaking Replying to a voicemail


3 102 Listen to two friends talking about advertising. 5 103 You are going to reply to a voicemail
Match the people (the girl, the boy, or both) to the message. First read and listen to the task. Then
opinions below. decide what you want to say.
1 There are too many billboards in the city. Listen to the message from your friend about a meal
both next weekend. Then leave a voicemail message for
2 There are too many food advertisements on the your friend. In your message you should:
billboards. • thank your friend.
girl • ask some questions about the meal.
3 Fast food shouldn’t be advertised on children’s TV. • offer to bring something.
both
4 Food packaging is a form of advertising.
girl Speaking Discussion
5 It would be interesting to work in advertising. 6 A pizza company is opening ten new restaurants
girl around the country. Look at the list of ways the
company is thinking of advertising the restaurants.

Writing A review
TV advertisement radio advertisement billboards
4

 ​
 ​
 ​
You have seen the following advertisement in an online cinema advertisement leaflets social media

 ​
 ​
magazine for English language students. Write a review
for the magazine. Write about 100 words. In pairs, talk together about the different ways
of advertising and decide which would be most
effective.
Reviews wanted G S OON !
PENI N
O
FF
10% Orst

The
i
with f r

z a
ord e

Pi z
a c e
Pal
not>
, in c lu d e this AW, or to
g on space ractive pho
<Dependin 093b> Photo: an att
5SB a
<AW LKIT m an ad for a pizzeri
a s fro
of pizza

An interesting food experience

Have you had an interesting food experience recently?
Maybe you’ve had a meal in a café or restaurant or
tried a new food or drink product. What would you like
to say about it? We will publish the best reviews in the
next edition of All English!

Exam strategy
Writing: A review
Think about your audience by imagining who might read your
ninety-three

review. Remember that they may not know the place or product
you’re reviewing, so describe it carefully, and compare it to
similar ones. Include negative and positive points, but remember
to give your overall opinion, with reasons for your opinion.

93
 Project 1
▸ Communicate a message creatively
▸ Show digital competence

Warm-up
1 Pairwork Think of an important personal
possession. Write three words to describe it. In pairs,
tell your partner your words. Can they guess the
possession? Explain why it is important.

Read
2 Jamila created the picture
below to describe an important
personal possession. Look at the
picture. What do you think her
possession is?

3 Read Jamila’s text and check your

answers.

4 Which of the following reasons The most important thing I own is a digital
explain why Jamila’s possession is possession rather than a physical object. It’s my
important to her? Decide if the sentences digital picture collection. Actually, it isn’t in a single
are true (T) or false (F).
collection. It’s on different social media sites, but
1 She doesn’t have physical copies of her pictures.
I access all of them on my phone. My pictures are
T
important to me because I can share them with other
2 Jamila keeps all her pictures in one place. F
people, and often, my friends write comments about
3 She can share her pictures with friends. T
a picture, so that’s nice, too. I like it when I find an old
4 She isn’t happy when friends comment on her
one of me with a friend I haven’t seen in a long time.

💬
pictures. F
We sometimes write comments on the picture and it
5 Some pictures bring back happy memories. T
reminds us of that happy time.

👍
Think
5 Read the text below. What is a word cloud
and how is it useful?

What is a

🤣
word cloud?
Word clouds are a picture of

💬
the words in a text. The most

👍
used words are bigger than
other words, so it can help
show the main ideas in the
text. It’s a visually interesting
way to introduce a subject.
You can make your own word
clouds for free on the Internet.
ninety-four

94 Workbook p.W00
 1
Prepare


Useful language
6 Pairwork Sofia and Lucas also made word clouds about an
It might be … or possibly …
important personal possession. In pairs, discuss the questions.
The word (“bike” / ”books”) is very big so
• What do you think the possessions are? I think …
• Why do you think they like them?

Lucas

Sofia

The project Useful langauge

7 Write about a personal possession and explain its importance. My word cloud is about / shows …
Write about 100 words. As you can see, my (favorite) personal
possession is …
8 Go online and find a word cloud website or app. Copy and
For me, the most important personal
paste your description into the site to make a word cloud.
possession is ...
Print a copy.
The word (“picture”) is very big
9 Presentation Use your word cloud to talk to the class about because …
your possession. One reason I like it is because …

10 Groupwork Make a single-word cloud including some of the

writing from every student in the class. What are the most
common words?

?
How did you do not very well very well
ninety-five

I can use the Internet to create a word cloud from my writing. 1 2 3 4 5

I can describe a personal possession in writing, word clouds, and spoken presentation. 1 2 3 4 5

Workbook p.W00 95
 Project 2
▸ Research and plan

▸ Show initiative and entrepreneurship

Warm up
1 Pairwork Match the words in the box with the pictures.
Discuss what kind of vacation you would prefer.

backpacking adventure beach sightseeing

 ​
 ​
 ​
What is it?
Are you interested in learning a new language or
meeting new people? Travel abroad with our High
School Summer Vacation Scholarship. We believe
that we can make this world a better place by
learning about other cultures and sharing our own.
This is not a traditional vacation, but you will have
plenty of time to have fun. The difference is that
you’ll stay with local people—it will be a learning
experience, both for you and the people you meet.
1 backpacking 2 sightseeing You will also learn a lot about how to take care of
yourself in a foreign country. This is an opportunity
of a lifetime to share your own culture and find out
about a new one.
Each year, we give one group of three to four high
school students up to $10,000 to travel anywhere
in the world and learn about the place—
its people, culture, history, and nature. On your
return, you will give a presentation to your school
about what you learned during your trip.

How do I win?
Every year, we receive many applications and
3 adventure 4 beach
have to choose the best three. They are always very
original and imaginative, with a clear plan and
Read budget.

2 Read the leaflet. What is the main purpose of the leaflet?

a to sell a vacation to teenagers Is it right for me?
b tell teenagers about a travel scholarship Your group should be …
• between 13 and 16 years old.
c to invite students to study in a
• willing to try new things and meet new people.
foreign country
• interested in new cultures and sharing their own.
3 Read the text again and answer
the questions. What do we pay for?
1 What is the main goal of the scholarship? The scholarship includes the following …
2 How are these vacations different 1 round-trip airfare
from traditional vacations? 2 travel insurance
3 What’s the best way to win the scholarship? 3 meals, local travel, tours, and entrance fees
4 accommodation with local families
4 What do students need to do after
the vacations?
5 What is not included in the scholarship? How can I apply?
6 What information is not necessary for the application? Write us a letter with information about …
• your group.
ninety-six

• the place and reason for your choice.

• things you plan to do there.
• your budget for the whole trip.

96 Workbook p.W00
 2


a b c

Pacific islands Angkor, Cambodia Istanbul, Türkiye

Group 1 Angkor, Cambodia Group 2 Istanbul, Türkiye Group 3 Pacific islands

We want to learn about the many temples We’re looking forward to visiting temples, We’re going to do an environmental
or “wats” around the area, who built palaces, and other historical sites, and science project there. There’s going to
them, and for what reasons. We really learning about the history of the city. It’s be so much for us to see and learn about
want to meet the local people because where Asia meets Europe, and we’re – beaches, tropical rainforests, volcanic
we heard they are very friendly. Also, the eager to learn about the influence of its peaks, and coral reefs. We’re also going
area is a place of natural beauty. The location on its culture. It’s a very busy to study the marine life, especially the sea
forests look beautiful, and you often see place, and sometimes people don’t want turtles and dolphins, and there’ll be the
monkeys. Some of the oldest buildings to talk to other people in big cities, but we chance to go scuba diving. We’re hoping
now have large trees growing through hope to make friends with people our age. to visit several of the larger islands while
them, so they have become part of the We thought we might ask to visit a school we’re there, as each one has its unique
forest. If we go, we’ll take lots of pictures and find out what it’s like to be a student traditions and customs. It’s a huge region,
and make drawings. We’ll use them in there, and we can then compare their though, with more than 25,000 islands
our presentation when we get back, and school life with ours. and 15 different countries, so we’ll only
maybe have an art exhibition. get to experience a very small part of it.

Think The project

4 The texts below explain what three groups hope to 8 Groupwork Write an application for the
do on their scholarship. Match the texts with the scholarship. Include information about …
places in pictures a–c. • the place and your reasons for choosing it.
5 Which place would you most like to visit? Why? • activities you plan to do there.
• your budget.

Prepare 9 Presentation Give a presentation of your

planned trip to the class. Which group do you
6 Groupwork Look at a map of the world and think should win the scholarship?
choose a place you would like to visit. Find out
more information about it online. Useful language
7 Write some notes for each part of the application. We’d like to go to … because …
In (our first week), we will …
1 about you We plan to spend ($5,000) on (round-trip flights) …
The main benefit of this trip will be …
2 the place and why you want to go there
10 There are many travel scholarships for
teenagers. Go online and find one you could
3 things you want to do there apply for. Why does it interest you?

4 a budget

?
How did you do
ninety-seven

not very well very well

I can write an application for a travel scholarship. 1 2 3 4 5

I can make a budget and plan a trip to another country. 1 2 3 4 5

Workbook p.W00 97
 Word list
Welcome! ask questions (v phr) /ˌæsk Unit 2
ˈkwɛstʃənz/
Goals and dreams cook a meal (v phr) /ˌkʊk ə ˈmil/ Criminal offences
dream of (v) /ˈdrim əv/ do first aid (v phr) /ˌdu ˌfərst ˈeɪd/ burglary (n) /ˈbərgləri/
musical (n) /ˈmyuzɪkl/ express your ideas and opinions cybercrime (n) /ˈsaɪbərˌkraɪm/
perform (v) /pərˈfɔrm/ (v phr) /ɪkˌsprɛs yər aɪˌdiəz ən drug dealing (n) /ˈdrʌg ˌdilɪŋ/
rehearse (v) /rɪˈhərs/ əˈpɪnyənz/ hacking (n) /ˈhækɪŋ/
save up for (v) /ˌseɪv ˈʌp fər/ fix things that are broken (v phr) kidnapping (n) /ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ/
show (n) /ʃoʊ/ /ˈfɪks ˌθɪŋz ðət ər ˈbroʊkən/ mugging (n) /ˈmʌgɪŋ/
stage (n) /steɪdʒ/ follow instructions (v phr) /ˌfɑloʊ murder (n) /ˈmərdər/
Problems and solutions ɪnˈstrʌkʃnz/ pickpocketing (n) /ˈpɪkˌpɑkət̬ɪŋ/
make a speech or give a robbery (n) /ˈrɑbəri/
decorate (a room) (v) /ˈdɛkəˌreɪt
presentation (v phr) /ˌmeɪk ə shoplifting (n) /ˈʃɑpˌlɪftɪŋ/
(ə ˈrum)/
ˈspitʃ ɔr ˌgɪv ə ˌprɛznˈteɪʃn/ terrorism (n) /ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm/
fed up with (adj) /ˌfɛd ˈʌp wɪθ/
read a map and schedule (v phr) theft (n) /θɛft/
fix (v) /fɪks/
/ˌrid ə ˈmæp ən ˈskɛdʒul/ vandalism (n) /ˈvændlˌɪzəm/
flat tire (n) /ˌflæt ˈtaɪər/
messy (adj) /ˈmɛsi/ recognize emotions and be Crime and criminals
repair kit (n) /rɪˈpɛr kɪt/ sympathetic (v phr) burglar (n) /ˈbərglər/
sew on (v) /ˌsoʊ ˈɑn/ /ˌrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪˈmoʊʃnz ən ˌbi burgle (v) /ˈbərgl/
smoke (n) /smoʊk/ ˌsɪmpəˈθɛt̬ɪk/ commit a crime (v) /kəˌmɪt̬ ə
tape it together (v) /ˌteɪp ɪt remember names (v phr) ˈkraɪm/
təˈgɛðər/ /rɪˌmɛmbər ˈneɪmz/ criminal (n) /ˈkrɪmənl/
torn (adj) /tɔrn/ speak a foreign language (v phr) cybercriminal (n)
/ˌspik ə ˌfɔrən ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ/ /ˈsaɪbərˌkrɪmənəl/
Ideas and objects
spell correctly (v phr) /ˌspɛl deal drugs (v) /ˌdil ˈdrʌgz/
air freshener (n) /ˈɛr ˌfrɛʃənər/ kəˈrɛktli/ drug dealer (n) /ˈdrʌg ˌdilər/
associated with (adj) take care of other people (v phr) hack (v) /hæk/
/əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt̬əd wɪθ/ /ˌteɪk ˌkɛr əv ˌʌðər ˈpipl/ kidnap (v) /ˈkɪdnæp/
based on (adj) /ˈbeɪst ɑn/ tell a joke (v phr) /ˌtɛl ə ˈdʒoʊk/ kidnapper (n) /ˈkɪdnæpər/
contact lenses (n) /ˈkɑntækt use sign language (v phr) /ˌyuz kill (v) /kɪl/
ˌlɛnzəz/ ˈsaɪn ˌlæŋgwɪdʒ/ mug (v) /mʌg/
device (n) /dɪˈvaɪs/
Degrees of ability mugger (n) /ˈmʌgər/
eyeball (n) /ˈaɪbɔl/
bad at (adj) /ˈbæd ət/ murderer (n) /ˈmərdərər/
fasten (v) /ˈfæsn/
excellent at (adj) /ˈɛksələnt ət/ pickpocket (n, v) /ˈpɪkˌpɑkət/
featured in (adj) /ˈfitʃərd ɪn/
good at (adj) /ˈɡʊd ət/ rob (v) /rɑb/
flavoring (n) /ˈfleɪvərɪŋ/
great at (adj) /ˈgreɪt̬ ət/ robber (n) /ˈrɑbər/
flip-flops (n) /ˈflɪp flɑps/
hopeless at (adj) /ˈhoʊpləs ət/ shoplift (v) /ˈʃɑplɪft/
footwear (n) /ˈfʊtwɛr/
not very good at (adj) /ˈnɑt ˌvɛri shoplifter (n) /ˈʃɑpˌlɪftər/
gelatin (n) /ˈdʒɛlətn/
ˌgʊd ət/ steal (v) /stil/
graphite (n) /ˈɡræfaɪt/
pretty good at (adj) /ˈprɪt̬i terrorist (n) /ˈtɛrərɪst/
inspire (v) /ɪnˈspaɪər/
ˌgʊd ət/ terrorize (v) /ˈtɛrəˌraɪz/
invent (v) /ɪnˈvɛnt/
terrible at (adj) /ˈtɛrəbl ət/ thief (n) /θif/
mass-produced (adj) /ˌmæs
useless at (adj) /ˈyusləs ət/ vandal (n) /ˈvændl/
prəˈdust/
very good at (adj) /ˈvɛri ˌgʊd ət/ vandalize (v) /ˈvændlˌaɪz/
rubber (n) /ˈrʌbər/
sailors (n) /ˈseɪlərz/ Other words Other words
sauce (n) /sɔs/ aware (adj) /əˈwɛr/ angle (n) /ˈæŋɡl/
seeds (n) /sidz/ container (n) /kənˈteɪnər/ arrest (v) /əˈrɛst/
spices (n) /ˈspaɪsəz/ eye contact (n) /ˈaɪ ˌkɑntækt/ award (n) /əˈwɔrd/
starch (n) /stɑrtʃ/ maintain (v) /meɪnˈteɪn/ community service (n)
taste (v) /teɪst/ nodding (v) /ˈnɑdɪŋ/ /kəˌmyunət̬i ˈsərvəs/
vinegar (n) /ˈvɪnɪɡər/ parrot (n) /ˈpærət/ corruption (n) /kəˈrʌpʃn/
put yourself in someone else’s detective (n) /dɪˈtɛktɪv/
Unit 1 shoes (phr v) /ˌpʊt yərˌsɛlf ɪn doodle (v) /ˈdudl/
Skills and abilities ˌsʌmwʌn ˈɛlsəz ˌʃuz/ exclude from school (v) /ɪkˌsklud
ninety-eight

apologize when you’re wrong shelter (n) /ˈʃɛltər/ frəm ˈskul/

(v phr) /əˈpɑləˌdʒaɪz ˌwɛn yər honor (v) /ˈɑnər/
ˈrɔŋ/ insulted (v) /ɪnˈsʌltəd/
jailed (v) /dʒeɪld/

98
jury (n) /ˈdʒʊri/ purchase (n) /ˈpərtʃəs/ gradually (adv) /ˈgrædʒuəli/

Word list
peer pressure (n) /ˌpɪr ˈprɛʃər/ quick learner (n) /ˌkwɪk ˈlərnər/ grateful (adj) /ˈgreɪtfl/
police officer (n) /pəˈlis ˌɔfəsər/ responsible (adj) /rɪˈspɑnsəbl/ innovator (n) /ˈɪnəˌveɪt̬ər/
prevention (n) /prɪˈvɛnʃn/ second-hand (adj) /ˌsɛkənd ˈhænd/ keep in touch (v) /ˌkip ɪn ˈtʌtʃ/
protest (v) /prəˈtɛst/ sustainably (adv) /səˈsteɪnəbli/ keep track of (v) /ˌkip ˈtræk əv/
reflect (v) /rɪˈflɛkt/ trader (n) /ˈtreɪdər/ landline (n) /ˈlændlaɪn/
shovel (n) /ˈʃʌvl/ trend (n) /trɛnd/ least (adv) /list/
take risks (v) /ˌteɪk ˈrɪsks/ load (v) /loʊd/
take time out (v) /ˌteɪk ˌtaɪm ˈaʊt/ Unit 4 microchip (n) /ˈmaɪkroʊˌtʃɪp/
trial (n) /ˈtraɪəl/ Technology nouns mostly (adv) /ˈmoʊstli/
victim (n) /ˈvɪktəm/ battery (n) /ˈbæt̬əri/ nickname (n) /ˈnɪkneɪm/
whodunnit (n) /ˌhuˈdʌnɪt/ button (n) /ˈbʌtn/ on the move (adj) /ˌɑn ðə ˈmuv/
witness (n) /ˈwɪtnəs/ cable (n) /ˈkeɪbl/ portable (adj) /ˈpɔrt̬əbl/
charger (n) /ˈtʃɑrdʒər/ post (v) /poʊst/
Unit 3 earphones (n) /ˈɪrfoʊnz/ rare (adj) /rɛr/
Money keyboard (n) /ˈkibɔrd/ realistic (adj) /ˌriəˈlɪstɪk/
ATM (n) /ˌeɪ ti ˈɛm/ memory stick (n) /ˈmɛməri ˌstɪk/ rediscover (v) /ˌridɪˈskʌvər/
bank card (n) /ˈbæŋk kɑrd/ microphone (n) /ˈmaɪkrəˌfoʊn/ regret (v) /rɪˈgrɛt/
bill (n) /bɪl/ modem (n) /ˈmoʊdəm/ release (v) /rɪˈlis/
cash (n) /kæʃ/ monitor (n) /ˈmɑnət̬ər/ restart (v) /ˌriˈstɑrt/
cash register (n) /ˈkæʃ ˌrɛdʒəstər/ mouse (n) /maʊs/ rock your world (v) /ˌrɑk yər
check (n) /tʃɛk/ plug (n) /plʌg/ ˈwərld/
coins (n) /kɔɪnz/ printer (n) /ˈprɪntər/ scroll (v) /skroʊl/
contactless payment (n) socket (n) /ˈsɑkət/ search engine (n) /ˈsərtʃ ˌɛndʒən/
/ˈkɑntæktləs ˌpeɪmənt/ speaker (n) /ˈspikər/ self-esteem (n) /ˌsɛlf ɪˈstim/
credit card (n) /ˈkrɛdət kɑrd/ switch (n) /swɪtʃ/ shoot (v) /ʃut/
debit card (n) /ˈdɛbət kɑrd/ stick to it (v) /ˈstɪk tu ˌɪt/
Technology verbs symptom (n) /ˈsɪmptəm/
PIN (n) /pɪn/
browse (v) /braʊz/ tag (v) /tæg/
price tag (n) /ˈpraɪs tæg/
charge (v) /tʃɑrdʒ/ translate (v) /ˈtrænsleɪt/
receipt (n) /rɪˈsit/
crash (v) /kræʃ/ update (n) /ˈʌpdeɪt/
Spending get a signal (v) /ˌgɛt̬ ə ˈsɪgnəl/ user (n) /ˈyuzər/
bargain (n) /ˈbɑrgən/ install (v) /ɪnˈstɔl/ vicious (adj) /ˈvɪʃəs/
change (n) /tʃeɪndʒ/ plug in (v) /ˌplʌg ˈɪn/ vintage (adj) /ˈvɪntɪdʒ/
discount (n) /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ run out of (v) /ˌrʌn ˈaʊt̬ əv/ wish (v) /wɪʃ/
offer (n) /ˈɔfər/ turn off (v) /ˈtərn ɔf/ zen (adj) /zɛn/
refund (n) /ˈrifʌnd/ turn on (v) /ˈtərn ɑn/
sale (n) /seɪl/ turn up (v) /ˈtərn ʌp/ Unit 5
Other words Other words Advertising
be driven by (v) /ˌbi ˈdrɪvn baɪ/ accidentally (adv) /ˌæksəˈdɛntli/ ad (n) /æd/
commerce (n) /ˈkɑmərs/ all the rage (adj) /ˌɔl ðə ˈreɪdʒ/ advertisement (n)
commercialized (adj) anxiety (n) /æŋˈzaɪət̬i/ /ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/
/kəˈmərʃəlaɪzd/ appreciate (v) /əˈpriʃiˌeɪt/ billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔrd/
consumer (n) /kənˈsumər/ appropriate (adj) /əˈproʊpriət/ brand (n) /brænd/
currency (n) /ˈkərənsi/ based (adj) /beɪst/ commercial (n) /kəˈmərʃl/
exchange (n) /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ broke (adj, coll) /broʊk/ influence (n) /ˈɪnfluəns/
friendly (adj) /ˈfrɛndli/ chase (v) /tʃeɪs/ influencer (n) /ˈɪnfluənsər/
fun-loving (adj) /ˈfʌn ˌlʌvɪŋ/ clumsy (adj) /ˈklʌmzi/ label (n) /ˈleɪbl/
gain interest (v) /ˌgeɪn ˈɪntrəst/ code (n) /koʊd/ logo (n) /ˈloʊgoʊ/
generation (n) /ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃn/ dead (adj) /dɛd/ product (n) /ˈprɑdʌkt/
hard-working (adj) /ˌhɑrd development (n) /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ publicity (n) /pʌˈblɪsət̬i/
ˈwərkɪŋ/ digital detox (n) /ˌdɪdʒət̬l ˈditɑks/ slogan (n) /ˈsloʊgən/
influence (v) /ˈɪnfluəns/ disable notifications (v) /dɪsˌeɪbl sponsor (n) /ˈspɑnsər/
kind (adj) /kaɪnd/ ˌnoʊt̬əfəˈkeɪʃnz/
Other words
messaging (n) /ˈmɛsɪdʒɪŋ/ etiquette (n) /ˈɛt̬əkət/
ninety-nine

account (n) /əˈkaʊnt/

patient (adj) /ˈpeɪʃnt/ feedback (n) /ˈfidbæk/
announce (v) /əˈnaʊns/
pay taxes (v) /ˌpeɪ ˈtæksəz/ frustration (n) /frʌˈstreɪʃn/
apparently (adv) /əˈpɛrəntli/
positive (adj) /ˈpɑzət̬ɪv/ further (adv) /ˈfərðər/
broadcast (n) /ˈbrɔdkæst/

99
 Word list
broadcaster (n) /ˈbrɔdˌkæstər/ server (n) /ˈsərvər/ foraging (n) /ˈfɔrɪdʒɪŋ/
bulletin (n) /ˈbʊlətn/ shocked (adj) /ʃɑkt/ freeze-dried (adj) /ˈfriz ˌdraɪd/
campaign (n) /kæmˈpeɪn/ specific (adj) /spəˈsɪfɪk/ frozen (adj) /ˈfroʊzn/
censorship (n) /ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp/ super-state (n) /ˈsupər steɪt/ frustrated (adj) /ˈfrʌstreɪt̬əd/
commission (v) /kəˈmɪʃn/ targeted ads (n) /ˈtɑrgət̬əd ædz/ frustration (n) /frʌˈstreɪʃn/
construct (v) /kənˈstrʌkt/ trust (n, v) /trʌst/ garbage (n) /ˈɡɑrbɪdʒ/
credible source (n) /ˈkrɛdəbl sɔrs/ truth (n) /truθ/ garlic (n) /ˈgɑrlɪk/
critical thinking (n) /ˌkrɪt̬ɪkl vlogger (n) /ˈvlɑgər/ get together (v) /ˌgɛt təˈgɛðər/
ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ weapon (n) /ˈwɛpən/ hand-crafted (adj)
cross-reference (v) /ˌkrɔs well-known (adj) /ˌwɛl ˈnoʊn/ /ˌhændˈkræftəd/
ˈrɛfrəns/ harvest (n) /ˈhɑrvəst/
deliberately (adv) /dɪˈlɪbrətli/ Unit 6 health practices (n) /ˈhɛlθ
detect (v) /dɪˈtɛkt/ Describing food ˌpræktəsəz/
disappoint (v) /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ bland (adj) /blænd/ homemade (adj) /ˌhoʊmˈmeɪd/
disbelief (n) /ˌdɪsbɪˈlif/ crispy (adj) /ˈkrɪspi/ homesick (adj) /ˈhoʊmsɪk/
distinguish (v) /dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ/ fresh (adj) /frɛʃ/ homesickness (n) /ˈhoʊmsɪknəs/
effectively (adv) /ɪˈfɛktɪvli/ raw (adj) /rɔ/ honeymoon (n) /ˈhʌniˌmun/
evaluate (v) /ɪˈvælyuˌeɪt/ salty (adj) /ˈsɔlti/ hostess (n) /ˈhoʊstəs/
fact (n) /fækt/ spicy (adj) /ˈspaɪsi/ joy (n) /dʒɔɪ/
fake (adj) /feɪk/ tough (adj) /tʌf/ laughter (n) /ˈlæftər/
false claims (n) /ˌfɔls ˈkleɪmz/ locally-sourced (adj) /ˈloʊkəli
fire (v) /ˈfaɪər/ Preparing food sɔrst/
float (v) /floʊt/ add (v) /æd/ lonely (adj) /ˈloʊnli/
flow (v) /floʊ/ bake (v) /beɪk/ lunar (adj) /ˈlunər/
following (adj) /ˈfɑloʊɪŋ/ boil (v) /bɔɪl/ manned (adj) /mænd/
generate (v) /ˈdʒɛnəˌreɪt/ chop (up) (v) /ˌtʃɑp (ˈʌp)/ meatball (n) /ˈmitbɔl/
genuine (adj) /ˈdʒɛnyuən/ decorate (v) /ˈdɛkəˌreɪt/ milestone (n) /ˈmaɪlstoʊn/
grab (v) /græb/ fry (v) /fraɪ/ mission (n) /ˈmɪʃn/
have a tendency to (v) /ˌhæv ə melt (v) /mɛlt/ originate (v) /əˈrɪdʒəˌneɪt/
ˈtɛndənsi tə/ mix (v) /mɪks/ outstanding (adj) /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/
hillside (n) /ˈhɪlsaɪd/ pour (v) /pɔr/ pan (n) /pæn/
hoax (n) /hoʊks/ serve (v) /sərv/ petition (n) /pəˈtɪʃn/
identify (v) /aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ/ Other words pile (n) /paɪl/
intentionally (adv) /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəli/ affordable (adj) /əˈfɔrdəbl/ pinch (n) /pɪntʃ/
launch (v) /lɔntʃ/ agricultural (adj) /ˌægrəˈkʌltʃərəl/ plate (n) /pleɪt/
manipulate (v) /məˈnɪpyəˌleɪt/ appetizer (n) /ˈæpəˌtaɪzər/ please (v) /pliz/
manufacturer (n) / basket (n) /ˈbæskət/ portion (n) /ˈpɔrʃn/
ˌmænyəˈfæktʃərər/ berries (n) /ˈbɛriz/ pressed for time (adj) /ˌprɛst fər
marketing (n) /ˈmɑrkət̬ɪŋ/ blind (adj) /blaɪnd/ ˈtaɪm/
memorable (adj) /ˈmɛmərəbl/ boiling (adj) /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ relevance (n) /ˈrɛləvəns/
ministry (n) /ˈmɪnəstri/ characterize (v) /ˈkærəktəˌraɪz/ relieved (adj) /rɪˈlivd/
mislead (v) /ˌmɪsˈlid/ chew (v) /tʃu/ sample (v) /ˈsæmpl/
misleading (adj) /ˌmɪsˈlidɪŋ/ countryside (n) /ˈkʌntriˌsaɪd/ seafood (n) /ˈsifud/
misreport (v) /ˌmɪsrɪˈpɔrt/ creamy (adj) /ˈkrimi/ server (n) /ˈsərvər/
newsfeed (n) /ˈnuzfid/ crop (n) /krɑp/ set out (v) /ˌsɛt ˈaʊt/
newspaper (n) /ˈnuzˌpeɪpər/ culinary (adj) /ˈkʌləˌnɛri/ spring roll (n) /ˌsprɪŋ ˈroʊl/
nonfiction (n) /ˌnɑnˈfɪkʃn/ cutlery (n) /ˈkʌtləri/ stall (n) /stɔl/
obviously (adv) /ˈɑbviəsli/ deal with (v) /ˈdil wɪθ/ steak (n) /steɪk/
pass on (v) /ˌpæs ˈɑn/ deforestation (n) /ˌdiˌfɔrəˈsteɪʃn/ strengthen (v) /ˈstrɛŋkθən/
persuade (v) /pərˈsweɪd/ demonstrate (v) /ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt/ superstition (n) /ˌsupərˈstɪʃn/
promote (v) /prəˈmoʊt/ diner (n) /ˈdaɪnər/ supper (n) /ˈsʌpər/
propaganda (n) /ˌprɑpəˈgændə/ display (v) /dɪˈspleɪ/ sweet and sour (adj) /ˌswit ən
purely (adv) /ˈpyʊrli/ diverse (adj) /dəˈvərs/ ˈsaʊər/
quality (n) /ˈkwɑlət̬i/ edible (adj) /ˈɛdəbl/ tube (n) /tub/
reach (v) /ritʃ/ unfamiliar (adj) /ˌʌnfəˈmɪlyər/
one hundred

experiment (v) /ɪkˈspɛrəmənt/

real-life (adj) /ˈril ˌlaɪf/ faraway (adj) /ˈfɑrəˌweɪ/ voyage (n) /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/
reputable (adj) /ˈrɛpyət̬əbl/ festivities (n) /fɛˈstɪvət̬iz/ wannabe (n) /ˈwɑnəbi/
reputation (n) /ˌrɛpyəˈteɪʃn/ fill (v) /fɪl/ weaken (v) /ˈwikən/
satire (n) /ˈsætaɪər/ wing (n) /wɪŋ/

100
 5
N
S E C O N D E D IT IO

Workbook
 1 S k i l l f u l l i v i n g
Degrees of ability p.11
Vocabulary
3 Put the expressions in the correct groups.

Skills and abilities p.10

1 Match the sentence halves. 2 4

1 3
It’s important to apologize e 5 8
6 9
1 When you broke up with Ana, was c 10
2 I don’t always remember f
3 Our math teacher often tells b 7
4 How important is it to spell g
5 My best friend can always fix h
6 I’d like to get a job where I can take a
7 Our English teacher likes us to express d 1 excellent at 6 great at
a care of other people. 2 bad at 7 OK at
b jokes in class. 3 pretty / very good at 8 hopeless at
c your best friend sympathetic? 4 terrible at 9 good at
d our ideas and opinions. 5 hopeless / useless at 10 not very good at
e when you’re wrong. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form
f names, but I try to. of the verbs in the box.
g words correctly?
tell give recognize take care of apologize do
h things that are broken. She’s amazing!
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
2 Read the sentences and say what the person is doing. I’m OK at taking care of young
Use the expressions in the box. children, but sometimes the videos they watch are
a bit boring.
reading a schedule following instructions
1 If you aren’t good at recognizing
 ​
 ​
making a speech apologizing
emotions, you won’t know when someone
 ​
 ​
speaking a foreign language being sympathetic
is upset!
 ​
 ​
asking questions expressing an opinion
2 Maria never says she’s sorry. She’s hopeless
 ​
“I’m sorry, I won’t do it again.” at apologizing for being wrong.
This person is apologizing. 3 Pedro’s very funny—he’s great at
1 “Je suis Anglaise.” “Ich habe kein Deutsch.” telling jokes.
These people are speaking a foreign language . 4 I’m useless at doing first aid.
2 “I think it’s important to recycle plastic.” Blood scares me!
This person is expressing an opinion . 5 My sister isn’t shy at all, so she’s excellent at
3 “Who was Buzz Aldrin? Was he from the U.S.?”
giving presentations.

This person is asking questions . 5 Write six true sentences about the skills
4 “It says we need to put pieces B and C into piece D.” and abilities of your family and friends. Use
These people are following instructions . expressions from exercise 3.
5 “The next train leaves at six thirty.” My brother is excellent at fixing things.
This person is reading a schedule . I
6 “You look sad. Do you want to talk about it?” My best friend is
This person is being sympathetic . My mom
7 “Thank you for coming. If you have any questions, can My dad
you ask them at the end?”
Workbook

Both my parents are

This person is making a speech .
Nobody in my family is

W2
 Grammar
1
Present perfect / simple past 9 Complete the article with the present perfect or

Skillful living
simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.
p.13

6 Read the sentences. Then choose the correct I’ve just heard about
alternatives for the rules. Gitanjali Rao, an amazing
I’ve never given a speech to a big audience. young American
Peter worked in Toronto last July. scientist and inventor.
She hasn’t met his sister. Rao’s goal is to use
I didn’t meet anyone new at the party last week. technology to find
solutions to global
Have you ever sung in public?
problems – and
Did people fly much in the 1950s? she ’s already found
The present perfect / simple past is used to (already / find) quite a few!
talk about past actions that happened in an
unspecified period of time. When she was 11, Rao 1 invented (invent)
Tethys, a device which shows when there are high
1 The present perfect / simple past is used to talk
levels of lead (a dangerous chemical) in drinking
about actions that took place at a specific time in the
water. She 2 ’s also invented (also / invent)
past.
two solutions that use AI (Artificial Intelligence) –
2 The present perfect is formed with have or has +
a medical device and an anti-cyberbullying app.
the past participle / infinitive form of the verb.
In 2020, at age 15, she 3 won (win)
7 Read the sentences. Then complete the rules. TIME magazine’s Kid of the Year award.
I’ve been a bus driver for ten years. Rao was born in the U.S. in 2005.
My sister has worked for Microsoft since May. She 4 first became (first / become)
We’ve learned how to do first aid. interested in science at the age of 4 when her
Flora worked in a café for two months last summer. uncle 5 gave (give) her a science kit.
Then, from age 5 to 18, she 6 went
We use the present perfect with for and since for
(go) to a school that specializes in science,
situations that started in the past and continue
technology, engineering, and mathematics. Today,
in the present.
Rao wants to inspire other young people to get
1 We use the simple past with a finished involved in science and develop their own ideas.
period of time in the past. She 7 ’s written (write) a book about her
2 We use the present perfect when we don’t approach to problem-solving, and she runs training
know when something happened. workshops. She 8 ’s taught (teach) more
than 75,000 students!
8 Complete the sentences with the present perfect
or the simple past form of the verbs in parentheses. We can’t all be like Rao, but I think it’s great that
We read (read) an article about Artificial Intelligence people like her are out there.
in class yesterday.
6 23 12
1 My brothers have never ridden
(never / ride) a motorcycle.
  
2 Have you ever eaten (ever / eat) 10 Complete the second sentence so it has the same
  
Chinese food? meaning as the first sentence. Use the correct form of
3 She ’s swum (swim) in the the words in parentheses.
lake twice since we arrived. How long has Peter known Mary? (meet)
4 I’m not thirsty, thanks. I ’ve already had When did Peter meet Mary?
(already / have) a glass of water. 1 I’m giving my first speech tomorrow. (never)
5 Lara and I didn’t go (not / go) I ’ve never given
  
to the show last night. We couldn’t get tickets. a speech before.
6 He hasn’t texted (not / text) me 2 We last saw Ana in April. (since)
since Tuesday!
We haven’t seen Ana since April.
7 The Statue of Liberty has been
3 I finished my homework earlier. (already)
(be) in New York Harbor for more than one
hundred years. I ’ve already finished my homework.
4 Mateo went to live in the U.S. two months
Workbook

ago. (live)
Mateo has lived in the U.S. for two months
now.

Grammar reference pp.W7–W8 W3

 Grammar
11 Finished or unfinished period of time? Write F or UF 15 Match the sentences with the types of sentences.
next to each time expression. Oh, dear! Is it going to rain? d
F three days ago / UF today 1 You look thirsty. I’ll get you some water. b
1 UF this year / F last month 2 Dad’s going to cook dinner tonight. c
2 UF so far / F last night 3 I’m taking my driving test on Saturday. e
3 F in 2017 / UF this week 4 It’s a great movie. I’m sure you’ll love it. a
12 Choose the correct alternatives. a a prediction or future fact
I haven’t been / didn’t go skiing so far this winter. b an offer, promise, or spontaneous decision
1 Natalia hasn’t gotten / didn’t get her school report c an intention
yesterday.
d a prediction based on evidence
2 We were / ’ve been students here for two years now.
e an arrangement
3 When have you got / did you get that great haircut?
4 I ’ve lived / lived here since I was born. 16 Complete the sentences with the verbs in
parentheses. Use (not) be going to, will, or won’t.
13 Complete the blog with the present perfect or simple Don’t worry. I promise I won’t be (not be) late.
past form of the verbs in the box.
1 Are you going to cook (you / cook)
ask ever / cook make say invite dinner today, or is it Chloe’s turn?
 ​
​
 ​
 ​
 ​
nearly / end get get learn not / answer 2 Where do you think you ’ll live
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
(live) when you finish college?
December 29th How well have I done? 3 Stop doing that with my phone—
you ’re going to break (break) it!
On January 1st, I made a list of things I wanted to 4 I ’ll make (make) a speech
do this year. Now, the year 1 has nearly ended . if you want me to.
How well have I done? The first three things on my
5 Is Debbie going to take (Debbie / take)
list were: “Learn to do first aid, read a map, and
a photography course next year?
speak Spanish.” Well, I still can’t do first aid or read
6 Mom isn’t going to drive (not drive)
a map, but I 2 got a language-learning
to work today because she feels like walking.
app when we went to Spain last summer, and since
then I 3 ’ve learned quite a lot of Spanish. 7 Take a warm jacket. It ’ll probably be
The fourth item on the list was, “Cook a meal for (probably be) cold tonight.
friends.” I 4 invited ten friends to my 17 Correct the future form mistakes in the sentences.
house for my birthday in October, and I made pizza, Be careful! One sentence is correct.
salad, and chocolate cake. 5 Have you
I promise I’m not doing that again.
6
ever cooked a meal for ten people? It’s quite hard!
The last thing on my list was, “Ask more questions.” I’m I promise I won’t do that again.
pleased to say that I 7 ’ve gotten much better 1 Kim and Joe will have a party on Friday at 7 p.m.
at this. In October, I 8 asked my science Kim and Joe are having a party on
teacher, “Why is the sun the only star we can see in Friday at 7 p.m.
the daytime?” She 9 said it was a good 2 Will you go to the dentist at 9 a.m. tomorrow?
question, but she 10 hasn’t answered me yet! Do
Are you going to the dentist at 9 a.m.
you know the answer?
tomorrow?
2 7 1
3 It’s already 8:10—we’re being late!
It’s already 8:10—we’re going to be late!
Future forms p.16 4 What are you going to study when you leave high
school?
14 Read the sentences. Then choose the correct
alternatives for the rules. Correct.
Peter will probably be late as always! 5 That looks heavy. I’m helping you.
We definitely won’t catch the bus now. That looks heavy. I’ll help you.
Maybe we’ll get there on time if we run.
In affirmative sentences, the adverbs
definitely and probably go before will /
between will and the main verb.
Workbook

1 In negative sentences, they go before / after won’t.

2 The adverb maybe always goes at the beginning /
in the middle of the sentence.

W4
 Listening and Speaking
1
Listening p.17 Speaking p.14

Skillful living
1 104 You will hear an interview with Faith Kimani, 3 Choose the correct alternatives.
a linguist, talking about an African language. First, decide
what type of information is missing. Then listen and write
a word or number.

UBANG
There are around 3,000 spoken languages in Africa.
Faith Kimani has worked in Ubang for the past
1
five / 5 years.
Here, men and 2 women speak a different language.
For example, there are 3
two / 2 different words for
water.
Boys usually start speaking the male language when
they’re about 4 ten / 10 years old.
These days, many young people have moved to the
5
city , so fewer people are speaking Ubang.

2 104 Exam Listen again and choose the correct answer,

a, b, or c.
Man Hello, I ordered a book from you last
What does Faith say about African languages? week. Has it arrived yet? My name is
a There are many more than on other continents but Kevin Foley.
they’re all quite similar. Assistant I’m sorry, I’m afraid I didn’t
b There aren’t many of them but they’re all very different. catch / mean that. Could you
c There are many more than in other parts of the world,
1
repeat / tell your last name, please?
and there are many differences between them. Man Foley. That’s F-O-L-E-Y.
Assistant Yes, it’s arrived, Sir. You can pick it up
1 Ubang is the only
any time.
a language in West Africa that is used differently by the
Man I’ll be there after I finish here at Blue
sexes.
Trees.
b language in West Africa. Assistant Wait, I’m not 2 hearing / following you!
c West African language Faith knows. What do you 3 say / mean by “blue
2 The difference between the two forms of Ubang is trees”?
a mainly in the vocabulary. Man 4
Thanks / Sorry, I’m in a café. Its name
is Blue Trees!
b similar to the difference between British and American
English.
Mom Can you check whether we have any
c not very great. milk in the refrigerator?
3 What does Faith say about Ubang and its two forms? Son What was 5 that / there? I’m sorry,
a It doesn’t cause communication problems. Mom, you’re breaking 6 down / up.
b The grammar is the same, but all the vocabulary is Mom Milk. Do we have any milk? Sorry, it’s
different. pretty 7 noisy / quiet in here.
Son I can hear you now. Yes, there are two
c Mothers teach both forms to their sons and daughters.
liters in the refrigerator.
4 What does Faith say about the people of Ubang?
Mom Wait, what did you 8 speak / say?
a Most of them want to move to the city. Could you speak 9 down / up? Why is
b They’ve stopped teaching their mother tongue to their supermarket music always so loud?
children. Son No, we don’t need any milk!
c They don’t want to lose their language. Mom Great! Thanks.
5 Faith is
a glad she isn’t the only person who thinks Ubang is
Workbook

unique.
b sure that Ubang will never disappear completely.
c happy that there are other language traditions like Ubang.

W5
 Exam practice
1 Exam Read and complete the article. Write one word in 3 105 For each question, choose the correct
each space. answer, a, b, or c.
You will hear two friends talking about cooking
People often get nervous when they have to make a meal.
a speech. You shouldn’t worry, though, because you don’t The girl
have to be excellent 1 at public speaking. Just
a has already bought the food.
follow a few simple rules and you 2 ’ll be able to
b bought the food yesterday.
make a great speech.
c wants to go to the store.
First, you should keep your speech short and simple.
1 You will hear two friends talking about French.
Secondly, I’m sure you 3 have heard speeches where
people simply read every single word from a piece of paper. What does the boy say about himself?
Boring! You can use notes, of course, but you need to a He’s OK at French.
practice your speech so that you know exactly what you’re b He’ll definitely use it when he’s older.
going 4 to say. That way, you can say it naturally c He can tell jokes in it.
and with expression, as if you’re speaking to friends. You
2 You will hear two friends talking about a concert
can also make it more interesting if you 5 tell a few
by a band they both like.
jokes. Finally, no one 6 will enjoy your speech if they
can’t hear you, so remember to speak 7 up / clearly ! The girl
a went to a concert by the band last year.
5 8 2
b has never been to a concert.
c might go.
2 Exam Read the email below and choose the correct
answer, a, b, c, or d for each space. 3 You will hear a boy talking about his friend Keisha.
The boy
a didn’t like the joke Keisha told.
To: Joe
b hasn’t apologized to Keisha yet.
Hi, Joe c was a child when he first met Keisha.
4 You will hear a man talking to a woman who is at
Here’s a picture of me with my friends
his house.
Amy and Lucas. I’m seeing them
b . I hope you’ll meet them when The woman
you’re here next month. They’re so lovely. a thinks she might need first aid.
Amy’s really smart. She’s taken three math tests b offers to fix a broken chair.
1
d far this term, and she’s got 95% or more c isn’t going to come back at the weekend.
every time! She speaks Italian and Arabic as well as
English, and she can 2 a sign language, too. She’s
4 Read the email from your English-speaking friend
Marcia and the notes you have made.
practical too – she’s the best person I know at 3 b
Write your email to Marcia using all the notes.
things that are broken! Lucas is really kind. He talks
Write about 100 words.
a lot and he’s good at 4 c his ideas. He 5 c a
presentation at school last week, and it was brilliant!
I’m 6 d at speaking in public because I get really From: Marcia
nervous and forget what I want to say. I’m quite a
Subject: Our hike in the country next weekend
quiet person, really. When I’m older, I’d like to 7 a
care of animals. I especially love dogs. Do you know
Hi,
what you want to do when you leave school?
Bye for now, I’m really excited about our hike next weekend!
Me too!
Hannah I’ve bought a map and compass, but I’m not
very good at reading a map. How about you?
I’m …
I’ve never slept in the open before. It’s going to
1 a sometimes b tonight c recently d yesterday
be really fun. Tell Marcia about
2 a this b most c on d so my experience.
3 a use b do c speak d show Maybe we should meet to discuss our plan.
4 a making b fixing c following d remembering Are you free tomorrow?
Tell Marcia about my plans.
5 a saying b doing c expressing d recognizing Speak soon,
Workbook

6 a offered b expressed c gave d said

Marcia
7 a excellent b OK c useful d hopeless
8 a take b provide c do d give

W6 Practice kit
 1
a r r e f e r e n c e
Gramm

Skillful living
Present perfect / simple past 3 Sometimes both the present perfect and the simple
past can be used, but the focus is slightly different.
p.13
▸ The use of the present perfect implies that the
1 We use the simple past as follows: action was recently completed. It also implies that
▸ to talk about completed actions that took place at a the action is somehow related to the present.
specific time in the past. Felipe has joined the soccer team. (= The focus is on
He gave a presentation to the class on Monday. the fact that Felipe is now part of the soccer team.)
I saw you with Diego yesterday. ▸ The use of the simple past focuses more on the
▸ for questions with When …? and What time …? action itself.
because they ask about a specific time in the past. Felipe joined the soccer team. (= The focus is on the
Really? When did you ride a motorcycle? action of joining the soccer team.)

I rode one last month.

Look
What time did you get home?
In the present perfect, we often use the past
I got home at 9 p.m.
participles been and gone to talk about visiting places.
2 We use the present perfect to talk about: These have different meanings.
▸ past actions when we don’t say when they Natalia has gone to Europe. (= She’s still in
happened, especially when they have an effect on Europe now.)
the present. Natalia has been to Europe. (= She went to Europe
I’ve visited eight different countries. (= We don’t know and she’s back home now.)
when the action happened.)
He’s bought a new car. (Look, here it is!) 4 We use the simple past to talk about a finished period
of time in the past, and the present perfect to talk
Oh, no! I think I’ve lost my key! (I can’t find it.)
about an unfinished period of time (which started in
▸ life experiences with ever and never when the exact the past and continues into the present).
time is not important. We use ever in questions.
They lived in Córdoba for three years. (= They don’t live
Have you ever visited Singapore? (in all your life) there any longer.)
He’s never had a job. I’ve lived in Córdoba for 12 months. (= I still live there.)
▸ recent actions with already. He had a motorcycle for two years. (= He doesn’t have
They’ve already seen that movie. (= We don’t know one now.)
when the action happened.) He’s had a motorcycle for two years. (= He still has a
▸ recent actions with yet. We use yet in questions and motorcycle)
negative sentences.
5 When we talk about experiences in general, we use
Has Jorge fixed the TV yet? (= We expect Jorge to the present perfect, but to talk about things in more
fix it.) detail, we use the simple past.
I haven’t finished my homework yet. (= but I’m going Have you spoken to the new boy in the class (yet)?
to finish it soon.)
Yes, I have.
▸ an action that started in the past and which
When did you speak to him?
continues in the present, often with for and since.
I spoke to him this morning.
He’s been there for two hours. (= He’s still there.)
We’ve known each other since we were 7!
Workbook

W7
 Grammar reference
Future forms p.16 Look
In English, there are various ways to express the future: In everyday English, we use will with all persons. We
use shall in the interrogative form of the first person
1 We use will for: when we offer to do something.
▸ future facts. Shall I call him for you?
The movie will be released in the fall.
▸ future possibilities when there are specific conditions.
He won’t make a speech at the conference.
The condition is expressed in a clause beginning with
▸ predictions, often after expressions like I think. We if, and will is used in the result clause.
can express degrees of certainty or doubt by adding
If he finishes work in time, he will join us in the
maybe, perhaps, probably, definitely, etc.
restaurant.
Maybe people will visit Mars one day.
They’ll come if there is a bus.
I think we’ll probably have to walk home.
My boss definitely won’t be back this afternoon. 2 We use be going to for:
▸ future plans and intentions that we have already
Look decided to do.
My parents are going to buy a new car next year.
When we make negative predictions with think, etc.,
we use the affirmative will, and express the negative ▸ predictions based on present evidence.
aspect of the prediction with the first verb. He hates making speeches, and there are over 500
She doesn’t think she’ll get the job. people here—he’s going to be very nervous!
NOT She thinks she won’t …
3 We use the present progressive for future
I don’t think Real Madrid will win. arrangements. It is usually used for personal events.
▸ offers, promises, spontaneous decisions, and requests. Today, I’m meeting Sal at four o’clock.
(offer) I’ll lend you my bike. 4 We use the simple present for scheduled times and
(promise) I won’t tell anyone! events. It is used for official schedules, e.g., public
(spontaneous decision) Great! I’ll meet you there in transportation schedules, opening and closing times,
ten minutes. and school schedules.
(request) Will you help me cook dinner tonight? What time does the store open?
The flight to Rio leaves at six o’clock.

Word list
Review the vocabulary. Write your own study notes or translation for each word.

Skills and abilities Degrees of ability Speaking

apologize (v) (very) bad at (adj) Asking for repetition


ask questions (v phr) excellent / great at (adj) What did you say?

  


cook a meal (v phr) good at (adj) What? I’m sorry, I didn’t catch that.


do first aid (v phr) hopeless / useless / terrible at (adj)


  
  
express your ideas and opinions (v phr) What was that?


not very good at (adj) Could you repeat (the name of the


fix things that are broken (v phr) OK at (adj) street), please?



follow instructions (v phr) pretty / very good at (adj) Asking for clarification


make a speech or give a presentation I’m sorry, I’m not following you.
(v phr) Check it out


read a map and schedule (v phr) aware (adj) What do you mean by (30th Street)?


recognize emotions and be containers (n)

Asking someone to speak louder

sympathetic (v phr) maintain (v)


remember names (v phr) Could you speak up?
nod (v)


Explaining the problem

speak a foreign language, or use sign parrot (n)
language (v phr) You’re breaking up. What did you say?

put yourself in someone else’s shoes

Workbook

spell correctly (v phr) (phr v)



I’m sorry, I’m (on the train).

take care of other people (v phr) shelter (n)


Wait, it’s pretty noisy in here.

tell a joke (v phr)


W8
2 Cr i m e i n a r t a n d l i f e

Crime in art and life

3 Complete the sentences with crime verbs or criminals.
Vocabulary A pickpocket stole my wallet in the street.
1 Vandals burned cars and damaged property
downtown last night.
Criminal offences p.22
2 The burglar got into the house through the
1 Complete the chart with the words in the box. kitchen window.
3 The man is a murderer because he killed the bank
shoplifting terrorism murder vandalism
teller when he tried to rob the bank.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
pickpocketing burglary drug dealing
4 Many people who commit minor crimes never get
 ​
 ​
robbery hacking mugging
caught.
​
 ​
 ​
5 My computer was hacked last month and I had to
Crimes involving theft Crimes not involving theft
change all my passwords.
shoplifting terrorism 6 A thief is someone who steals things.
pickpocketing murder 7 Everyone was very scared when a terrorist forced
burglary vandalism the pilot to fly the plane to another airport.
robbery drug dealing
mugging hacking
Crime and criminals p.23

4 Complete the article with words that mean the same as the
2 Match the sentences with the words in the box.
words and phrases in parentheses.
terrorist pickpocket drug dealer cybercriminal
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
Prisons in
kidnapper vandal burglar mugger hacker
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
shoplifter robber
 ​
Norway
someone who steals goods from a store by
deliberately leaving without paying for them
shoplifter
1 someone who commits crime using the Internet
cybercriminal / hacker Norway has similar problems to other countries with crime,
especially theft (taking things that belong to other people),
2 someone who steals something from
your pocket, especially in crowded places
1
burglary (entering a building illegally and stealing things),
and 2 robbery (stealing money or things from a bank,
pickpocket
store, or person). Its justice system, however, is very different
3 someone who steals money from a bank
to that of other countries.
robber
In Norway, the focus is on helping 3 criminals
4 someone who attacks somebody in order to
(drug dealers, thieves, muggers, pickpockets, etc.) rather
steal their money, jewelry, etc., especially in a
than punishing them. Instead of being fined or sent to prison
public place mugger
for 4 shoplifting (stealing from stores) or 5 vandalism
5 someone who steals from a house or apartment (damaging buildings and other property), offenders may be
burglar given community service as a punishment for example, which
6 someone who damages property, for example if will give them work experience and perhaps also build their
someone breaks a store window vandal self-confidence. Of course, prison is still the punishment
7 someone who attacks or kills other people for 6 kidnapping (taking and keeping somebody illegally
usually because of their beliefs terrorist as a prisoner, especially to get money or something else for
8 someone who keeps a person and demands returning them), 7 murder (homicide), or 8 terrorism
money for their release kidnapper (the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or to
9 someone who sells illegal substances force a government to act), but offenders receive mental-health
drug dealer support, education, and work training while there.
Compared to other countries, a much smaller percentage
Workbook

of Norway’s population are in prison, and a much smaller

percentage go on to 9 commit (do) more crimes
in the future. Other countries could surely learn from
Norway’s example.

W9
 Grammar
Past perfect p.25

5 Complete the sentences with the past perfect of the verbs in parentheses.
When I came home, I saw that someone had broken (break) a window.
1 The police officer arrested him because he had mugged (mug) a person earlier.
2 When the police arrived, the suspected drug dealers had gone (go).
3 The thieves were caught because they hadn’t remembered (not remember) to wear gloves!
4 The vandals hadn’t realized (not realize) that there was a security camera.

6 Complete the text with the past perfect form of the verbs in the box.

be arrange give happen go already / decide write forget say

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
 ​
WHAT A DRAMA! 8 Choose the underlined action which happened
first.
I met him after I’d broken up with Patrick.
So, this was my morning … I was late to school because 1 After she’d taken her exams, she went to Spain.
I ’d forgotton to set my alarm. I explained to the 2 Then I remembered that I’d forgotten to get
receptionist what 1 had happened , and she told a new bus pass.
me to go straight to my class. But when I got there,
3 Had you had a dog before you got this one?
it was empty. I could see my classmates’ bags, so
I knew that everyone 2 had been there. 4 We visited all the monuments because
Where 3 had they gone ? Then I remembered we hadn’t been there before.
what the teacher 4 had said the day 5 They heard that they’d passed all their exams.
before. She 5 ’d arranged for someone from
the local theater to come and run a video-making
9 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the
rules.
workshop, using the murder-mystery drama scripts
we 6 ’d written the week before. 1 We use the past perfect / simple past to indicate
I hurried to the schoolyard, where I saw an action that occurred before another action in
that they 7 ’d already decided the past.
who the director was, who was By the time I got to the theater, the play had
filming, and who was playing already started.
most of the parts in the 2 To describe a sequence of two or more events
movie … The only part they that happened in chronological order, we can use
8
hadn’t given the simple past / past perfect and simple past.
to anyone was – the We got to the station and the train left.
victim. So yes, that was
3 The past perfect is formed as follows:
me! At least I didn’t
subject + had + simple past /past participle.
have to think about
remembering any lines! 10 Complete the sentences with the past perfect or
the simple past of the verbs in parentheses.
7 Write questions in the past perfect. Then write I was worried because I hadn’t studied
short answers. (not study) for the test.
he / see / the movie before 1 They enjoyed the trip because they
Had he seen the movie before ? had never visited (never visit)
London before.
No, he hadn’t .
2 We called the police because someone
1 Mrs. Lee / forget / the test papers
had stolen (steal) the car.
Had Mrs. Lee forgotten the test papers ?
3 Louisa had already finished (already
Yes, she had ! finish) her dinner when I phoned her.
2 the dog / steal / all the sausages 4 After she’d taken her exams, she
Had the dog stolen all the sausages ? went (go) to Spain.
Yes, it had . 5 By the time the police arrived, the thief
3 Jorge and Rosa / be / together for a long time had disappeared (disappear).
Workbook

Had Jorge and Rosa been together for

a long time ?
No, they hadn’t .

W10
 Grammar
2
11 15

Crime in art and life

Rewrite the two sentences as one sentence. Use when Rewrite the questions as statements with
or after. tag questions.
I wrote my history essay. Then I played a video game Is Tricia training for the swimming team?
for an hour. Tricia is training for the swimming team,
After I’d written my history essay, I played a isn’t she ?
video game for an hour. 1 Do you like sushi?
1 I phoned Grandma. Then I cooked dinner. You like sushi, don’t you
After I’d phoned Grandma, I cooked dinner. / ?
I cooked dinner after I’d phoned Grandma. 2 Did they go to the same school?
2 The man robbed the bank. Then he escaped in a They went to the same school,
black car. didn’t they ?
After / When the man had robbed the bank, he
3 Have you seen this movie?
escaped in a black car.
3 The class started. Then Pedro arrived.
You’ve seen this movie, haven’t you
?
The class had started when Pedro arrived. /
When Pedro arrived, the class had started. 4 Would Dad like these Batman socks?
4 The mugger ran away. Then the police arrived at the Dad would like these Batman socks,
crime scene. wouldn’t he ?
The mugger had run away when the police 5 Are we having chicken for dinner?
arrived at the crime scene. We’re having chicken for dinner,
aren’t we ?
12 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the rules.
6 Were Katia and Lucas having an argument?
When I saw Peter, he’d lost weight.
Katia and Lucas were having an
They’d already eaten by the time he got home.
argument, weren’t they ?
The past perfect is often used in sentences with when or
7 Will you be there on Sunday?
by the time as follows:
You’ll be there on Sunday, won’t you
When / By the time + 1 past perfect / simple past +
?
past perfect
8 Has Hugo met your parents?
2
past perfect / simple past + when / by the time + simple
past Hugo has met your parents, hasn’t he
?

Tag questions p.28 16 Complete the rules.

13 Choose the correct alternatives.

affirmative statement + negative
tag question
He couldn’t swim, couldn’t he / could he?
1 negative statement + affirmative
1 They can come to the party, can’t they / could they? tag question
2 You didn’t like the movie, do you / did you?
3 Your girlfriend’s Korean, isn’t she / was she?
4 I’m not late again, aren’t I / am I?
5 He hasn’t gone to Italy, has he / hasn’t he?
6 She makes great pizzas, does she / doesn’t she?
7 The police don’t know who did it,
do they / don’t they?

14 Complete the sentences with tag questions.

You’ve seen this movie before, haven’t you ?
1 Ana wasn’t at school yesterday, was she ?
2 The New York Jets didn’t lose again, did they ?
3 I’m speaking too fast, aren’t I ?
4 We could order a pizza, couldn’t we ?
5 Cats don’t eat vegetables, do they ?
6 He’ll help me with my science project,
Workbook

won’t he ?
7 They weren’t sure where Izzy lived, were they ?

Grammar reference pp.W14–W15 W11

 Listening and Speaking
Listening p.29 Speaking p.26

1 106 Exam Listen to a talk about Agatha Christie, 3 Choose the correct alternatives.
a British crime writer. In each space, write one or two When did / had it happen?
words, a number, or a date. 1 OK. How / What big is this backpack?
2 Oh. What’s the watch made for / of?
AGATHA CHRISTIE
3 Do you have any idea who might have
Agatha Christie wrote 66 detective novels. took / taken the backpack?
She has been named “The 1 Queen of Crime.” 4 OK. What’s happened / happen?
5 Now, what was on / inside the backpack?
On 2 December 3 / 3rd 1926, she
mysteriously disappeared. 6 I’m sorry. And how / what make is the phone?

Her car was found near a small 3 lake called the 7 Oh, dear. Where did / has this take place?
Silent Pool in the south of England. 4 Complete the dialogue with the questions in
She was eventually found in the 4 north of exercise 3.
England.
In total, Christie was missing for 5 eleven / 11 days.

2 106 Listen again and choose the correct answer,

a, b, or c.
Agatha Christie’s books are available in c different
languages.
a a few
b about 50
c more than 100
1 When was the “Golden Age of Detective Fiction”? b
a the 1890s
b the 1920s and 30s
c 1890 to 1930 Tyler Good morning, I’d like to report a crime.
Officer 5
2 Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple were a
Tyler Someone’s stolen my backpack.
a fictional characters created by Christie. Officer 1 8
b detectives that a previous crime writer had Tyler In the center of town, at the kiosk near
created. the train station.
c the two detectives who found Christie. Officer 2 1
3 What happened on the evening Christie disappeared? Tyler It happened at lunchtime. I’d just bought
b a sandwich, so I put my backpack down
to eat it.
a There was a police investigation.
Officer 3 2
b She left the house after she’d had an argument
Tyler It’s just a normal school backpack.
with her husband.
It’s blue, green, and yellow.
c She spoke with her daughter then left the house. Officer 4 6
4 What happened at the Silent Pool many years before Tyler Some books, my phone, and a watch.
Christie’s disappearance? c My money was in my pocket.
a volunteers searched for a missing woman Officer 5 3
b a newspaper offered a reward to find a woman there Tyler Silver. I got it for my birthday last week.
Officer 6 7
c a young woman died there
Tyler It’s an old Samsung.
5 What theory did journalists NOT suggest about Officer 7 4
Christie’s disappearance? b Tyler No, I don’t. It was very busy there.
a She had been kidnapped.
b She had murdered someone.
c She had killed herself.
Workbook

W12
 Exam practice
2
1 Exam For each question, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d.

Crime in art and life

KRISTOFFER VON HASSEL
It b April 2013, and American parents Robert Davies and Jill Nyahay were surprised to find their 5-year-old son
Kristoffer von Hassel playing an Xbox video game. They were puzzled because they 1 d parental blocks on the
computer to prevent him from playing it. He didn’t have the password, 2 b he? So how had he accessed the game?
Robert and Jill asked Kristoffer, and he showed them how he had gotten past Microsoft’s security system. Davies
contacted Microsoft to tell them what his son had discovered. They 3 a the problem, listed Kristoffer as a “security
researcher” for their Techcenter, and rewarded him with gifts.
Kristoffer is believed to be the world’s youngest ethical 4 c , and his skills give hope that the next generation of
tech-users will help beat 5 d .

1 a had been b was c is d has been 3 107 Exam You will hear a radio interview
2 a put b were putting c have put d had put with a local police officer. Listen and choose

3 a was b did c had d has the correct answers.
4 a fixed b fix c have fixed d had fixed What happened to the boy? a


5 a cybercriminal b thief c hacker d criminal a He was mugged on the way home.
6 a theft b hacking c criminal d cybercrime b A thief stole his backpack.
c He had a fight with two boys.
2 Exam Read the notices and messages below. Then choose
the correct answers. 1 What was in the boy’s backpack? c


a Only his cell phone.
POLICE REPORT (Case No. 3625): A red Ford was stolen last b All his money.
night from Pine Street at 9:25 p.m. It was found damaged c Only a few things.
near North Main Street and brought to the police station.
2 What did the girl do wrong? c
The owner has been contacted.


a She went into a store.
a The police have arrested someone for stealing a car. b She didn’t report the theft to the police.

b The police don’t know where to find the car. c She didn’t lock her bike.
c The police know who the car belongs to. 3 What happens when people report
1 cybercrimes? b
SHOPLIFTING IS A CRIME.

a The local police investigate it.
If you steal, our cameras will catch you …
b A specialized unit investigates it.
a Security cameras aren’t in operation right now. c The police hardly ever catch the hackers.
b Security cameras are protecting this store. 4 What crime did two children commit? b

c The police are waiting here to catch shoplifters. a theft b vandalism c shoplifting
  
  
2 5 What happened to the children? a
Sorry, I’m going to be late! There’s been a burglary at the school

a They had to clean up the mess they had made.
(computers) and the police want to talk to everyone. I’ll let you

know when I’ve finished. Irina x b Their parents had to pay a fine.

c Nothing.
a Irina won’t be on time because of a crime.
b Someone has stolen Irina’s computer. 4 Exam You see this notice on an
c Irina has talked to the police about a crime. English-language website.
Write your article. Write about 100 words.
3 Protect your bank details and passwords.
DON’T LET THE CYBERCRIMINALS WIN! Articles wanted!
Crime in art and life
a Keep your personal information safe from hackers.
What kind of crimes are often in the news in
b Hackers have your bank and password details.
your country?
c Cybercriminals protect you from hackers.
What kind of crimes often feature in novels,
4 a Criminals will be taken to the movies, and TV shows?
police station by helicopter. WIN Why do you think people like reading crime fiction
b If you design an anti-crime POLICE
A RIDE IN A and watching crime movies and TV shows?
Workbook

!
poster, you might get a prize. HELICOPTER Write an article answering these questions
c There has been an increase Design a crime and we will put it on our website!
in helicopter crime. prevention poster.

Practice kit W13

 a r r e f e r e n c e
Gramm
Past perfect p.25 3 We often use the past perfect with the time expressions
after, when, before, and by the time to show that
Affirmative something was completely finished before the second
I / You / He / action took place. The second action is
 ​
 ​
 ​
She / had / ’d stayed. in the simple past.
 ​
 ​
It / We / They ▸ when / after + past perfect + simple past
 ​
 ​
Negative After she’d been to Rome, she decided to
I / You / He / learn Italian.
 ​
 ​
 ​
She / had not / hadn’t stayed.
When he had finished shopping, he decided
 ​
 ​
It / We / They
to watch TV.
 ​
 ​
Interrogative
▸ by the time / when / before + simple past +
I / you / he / she / it / we /
Had stayed? past perfect
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
they
By the time / When they found the shoplifter, he had

  
hidden the books.
Short answers Before they found the shoplifter, he had hidden
Affirmative the books.
Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they had. ▸ The time phrase can precede or follow the main
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
Negative phrase.
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they hadn’t. She decided to learn Italian after she’d been to Rome.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
The shoplifter had hidden the books by the time they
1 The past perfect is formed as follows: found him.
▸ Affirmative form:
Look
subject + had / ’d + past participle
We can use two simple past tenses if the sequence of
He’d been to Recife the week before.
actions is clear.
I’d seen her somewhere.
Lucas and I broke up and then we got back together.
▸ Negative form:
She left home in 2016 and went to Rio.
subject + had not / hadn’t + past participle
The police hadn’t solved the crime. 4 We use because, already, and never with the past
She hadn’t reported the theft. perfect to explain a past state or action.
▸ Interrogative form: ▸ subject + simple past + because + past perfect
Had + subject + past participle + ? They passed the exam because they’d studied
Had the robbers visited the bank earlier in the day? very hard.

Had he worked in the U.S.? Her parents were worried because she hadn’t called.
▸ subject + had + already + past participle
▸ Short answers:
They’d already gone to bed when I got home.
Yes, + subject pronoun + had.
By five o’clock, I had already finished my work.
No, + subject pronoun + hadn’t.
▸ subject + had + never + past participle
Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
I’d never traveled by helicopter before.
2 We use the past perfect to talk about an action
in the past that happened before another
action in the past.
Had you left work before you heard about the
accident?
We’d gone home before the crime was committed.
They never found where the robbers had hidden
the money.
Workbook

W14
 2
Tag questions p.28 2 Tag questions turn a statement into a question.

Crime in art and life

▸ If the statement is affirmative, the verb in the tag
1 Tag questions appear at the end of a sentence
question is negative.
and are formed with an auxiliary verb (+ n’t) + a
He’s very excited, isn’t he?
subject pronoun.
We should order the tickets online, shouldn’t we?
▸ If there is an auxiliary verb in the main


sentence, we use the same auxiliary in the tag You work in a hospital, don’t you?
question. ▸ If the statement is a negative sentence, the verb in the
He hasn’t seen this documentary, has he? tag question is affirmative.
I can watch the movie tomorrow, can’t I? You aren’t disappointed, are you?
▸ If there is no auxiliary verb in the main You don’t play basketball, do you?
sentence, we use do, does, or did in the tag 3 We use tag questions to ask for confirmation of
question depending on the person and tense information, or of something that we said:
in the main sentence.
The movie starts at seven, doesn’t it?
You go to my judo club, don’t you?
This isn’t your bike, is it?
She knows Pablo, doesn’t she?
Our teacher won a prize for science, didn’t she? Look
In negative tag questions, we always use the short form:
He is right, isn’t he? NOT He is right, is not he?
The tag question with I am … is aren’t I?
I’m right, aren’t I? NOT I’m right, am not I?

Word list
Review the vocabulary. Write your own study notes or translation for each word.

Crimes and criminals shoplifter (n) judge (n)



burglar (n) steal (v) jury (n)



burgle (v) terrorist (n) offend (v)



commit a crime (v) thief (n) peer pressure (n)



commit an act of terrorism vandal (n) shovel (n)



crime (n) vandalize (v) trial (n)



criminal (n) whodunnit (n)
Criminal offences


cybercrime (n)
burglary (n) Speaking

cybercriminal (n)

drug dealing (n) Reporting

deal drugs (v)

hacking (n) I’d like to report a crime.

drug dealer (n)


kidnapping (n)

hack (v)


mugging (n) Someone’s (stolen my bag).

hacker (n)


pickpocketing (n)

kidnap (v)


robbery (n) It was in the (Blue Door Diner).

kidnapper (n)


shoplifting (n)

kill (v)


terrorism (n) Questioning

mug (v)

theft (n) Where did it take place?

mugger (n)


vandalism (n)

murder (n)


How big is (the bag)?

murder (v) Check it out


murderer (n)

angle (n) What’s it made of?

pickpocket (n)


arrest (v) What brand / make is (it / the camera)?

pickpocket (v)

  
community service (n)

rob (v)


Workbook

corruption (n) Do you have any idea who might have


robber (n)

exclude from school (taken your bag)?


shoplift (v)

insult (v)



W15
 3 O n t h e m o n ey!
2 Complete the dialogues with the words in the box.
Vocabulary PIN bill contactless payment credit card coin check

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
A Would you like any dessert?
Money p.36
B No, thanks. Can we have the check , please?
1 Look at the pictures and complete the text. 1
A How old are you?
1 2 B I’m 15.
A You can have a debit card, but you need to be 18 to
have a credit card .
2
A Have you any cash? We need $10.
B Yes, I have. I have a ten-dollar bill in my pocket.
3
3 4 A Did you get money from the ATM?
B No, I didn’t. I couldn’t remember my PIN .
4
A Look, I bought these postcards at the museum store.
B But you didn’t have any money with you!
A I used my phone to make a contactless payment .
B Oh yes, of course.
5 6
5
A Let’s toss a coin to see who goes first.
B OK. Right, here’s a quarter. Heads or tails?

Spending money p.37

3 Choose the correct alternatives.

There’s a sale / refund at the store this weekend.
To: Grandma 1 Do you have any exchange / change for the machine?
2 I couldn’t find my receipt so they didn’t give me a
Hi, Grandma bargain / refund.
I started my Saturday job at the houseware 3 If you show your student card, you get a discount / sale.
store a few weeks ago, and I love it! 4 Do you like my new watch? There was a special
Sometimes I have to put price tags on things exchange / offer on jewelry and watches.
and put them on the shelves, but mostly I 5 It was a great idea to go to TJ Maxx—those jeans were
work at the 1 cash register . Working with a real bargain / refund!
customers is interesting! Sometimes the card
reader stops working so people can’t pay 4 Match the sentences halves.
by credit card or 2 debit card . It isn’t a big Their machine was broken, so we couldn’t pay c

problem as you can get 3 cash from an 1 If you’re shopping d

4
ATM on the same street, but people 2 The book was only $1, so I paid a

complain a lot! And one customer got really 3 How much did you spend f
angry with me the other day. He wanted to

4 Make sure you ask b
return something because it wasn’t right, but

5 I intend to pay back e
he didn’t have a 5 receipt . He was quite

a cash.
rude to me, and I had to call the manager.
Anyway, he apologized in the end. I just keep b for a receipt.
smiling! c by credit or debit card.
d around for bargains, I’ll come with you.
Workbook

See you soon,

e the money they lent me.
Amol
f on Mateo’s birthday present?

W16
 Grammar
3
Passive voice: present, past, and 10 Use the pictures and prompts to describe

On the money!
the preparations for a school play. Use the passive
future p.39 form of the present progressive.
5 Choose the correct alternatives to complete The costumes are being made .
the rules. 1 The lights are being tested .
The passive form is used when the action is 2 The set is being built .
more / less important than the one who performs it. 3 The posters are being printed .
1 In passive sentences, we use by / of + person 4 The script is still being written !
to say who performed an action.
5 The tickets aren’t being sold yet .
6 Match the sentences with the tenses in the box.

passive with will present progressive passive

 ​
 ​
present perfect passive

1 passive with will

It’ll be installed as soon as it arrives.
2 present perfect passive
We’ve been invited to do a presentation. 1 costumes / make 2 lights / test
3 present progressive passive
The printer is being delivered directly from the store.

7 Complete the rules for the tenses in exercise 6.

1 subject + will be + past participle
2 subject + has / have been + past participle
3 subject + am / is / are being + past participle
3 set / build 4 posters / print
8 Write sentences in the passive form of the
present perfect.
these price tags / change
These price tags have been changed.
1 prices / not reduce
Prices have not been reduced.
2 your credit card / find
Your credit card has been found. 5 script / still / write 6 tickets / not / sell / yet
3 that window / break
That window has been broken. 11 Complete the sentences with the passive form
4 these books / never read of will / won’t or might and the verbs in the box.
These books have never been read. not cook need meet not open arrange move
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
9 Complete the sentences with be, being, or been.
Unfortunately, the swimming pool won’t open until
I’m not being paid much for my job
next week.
on Saturdays.
1 I’m not sure, but I think you
1 A new mall has been built near here.
might need to help him with
2 You will be taken to the theater by bus. the cleaning.
3 It’s snowing, so the plane might be 2 Dad thinks the carrots might not be cooked
delayed. yet. Could you check for him?
4 The tickets have been paid for. 3 A parents’ meeting will be arranged soon
5 That software is being used in to talk about the trip to New Orleans.
school offices. 4 The yoga class might be moved to
six o’clock, but we aren’t certain yet.
5 I know that we will be met by
a taxi driver at the airport.
Workbook

Grammar reference pp.W21–W22 W17

 Grammar
12 Write passive sentences. Use the tense or modal 16 Complete the sentences with the adjectives and
verb in parentheses. verbs in parentheses.
favorite TV show / cancel (might) I was so happy to see (happy / see) my old elementary-
My favorite TV show might be canceled. school teacher again.
1 that loan / not pay back (will) 1 My brother was very angry to read
That loan won’t be paid back. (angry / read) about climate change.
2 your tickets / send (present perfect) 2 They were afraid to walk (afraid / walk) home
alone late at night.
Your tickets have been sent.
3 I am sorry to hear (sorry / hear) you have
3 the information / give online (present progressive)
broken your leg.
The information is being given online.
4 It was very interesting to visit (interesting / visit) the
4 these old gadgets / never use again (will) Statue of Liberty.
These old gadgets will never be
5 It’s quite easy to learn (easy, learn) another
used again. language when you’re a child.
5 their car / repair (present progressive)
Their car is being repaired. 17 Complete the sentences with the base form or -ing
form of the verbs in the box.
6 the class schedule / change (could)
The class schedule could be changed. do go get put dance visit

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
We enjoy doing karate after school.
-ing form and base form p.42
1 I was lucky to get tickets for the show.
13 Read the sentences. Then complete the rules 2 I’m no good at dancing and I don’t enjoy it.
with base form or -ing. 3 Pablo has a new job in a restaurant, and he misses
I’m really angry to hear that! going out with his friends on the weekend.
Swimming is very relaxing. 4 It was small enough to put in my pocket.
He’s great at being diplomatic! 5 This summer we’d like to visit Morocco.
After some adjectives, we use: infinitive
18 Write sentences and questions.
1 When a verb has the function of a noun,
you finish / use the computer / yet
we use: -ing
Have you finished using the computer yet ?
2 After a preposition, we use: -ing
1 save / money is a good idea
14 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of the Saving money is a good idea.
verbs in parentheses.
2 he excited about / meet the singer
I can’t imagine living (live) in a big city. Was / Is he excited about meeting the singer ?
1 Playing (play) tennis is a good way of 3 borrow / money from a bank is expensive
keeping fit.
Borrowing money from a bank is expensive.
2 She’s excited about going (go) to
4 they ended up / walk home
the concert.
3 I recommend trying (try) the local food.
They ended up walking home.
4 Natalia is good at singing (sing). 5 we / be / sad / see / them / go / last week
5 We’re both scared of flying (fly).
We were sad to see them go last week.

15 Match the sentence halves.

I haven’t decided who d
1 Anita can’t afford a
2 They don’t need e
3 Can you tell me how b
4 During summer vacation, we’d like c
a to get herself a new phone.
b to get to the stadium, please?
c to visit our aunt in Canada.
Workbook

d to invite to my concert.
e to take out any cash from the ATM.

W18
 Listening and Speaking
3
Listening p.43 Speaking p.40

On the money!
1 108 Exam You will hear two teenagers, Tiana 2 Choose the correct alternatives to complete
and Mason, talking about a job advert that Mason has the dialogue.
seen. For each question, choose the correct answer.
How did Mason find out about the job?

a b c

1 How does Mason feel about the job at first?

a b c

2 What job is it?

Interviewer Welcome to Sparks Online, Oliver. Tell me,
why are you interested in / of working for
us during your summer vacation?
Oliver Well, first of all, I’m passionate 1 for / about
gaming. I’d also like 2 to learn / learning
more about programming. Your apps are
a b c fantastic!
Interviewer Great! Well, the job involves
3 How much will the person who does the job be paid? 3
working / to work in a team which
develops apps. Why do you think you’re
the 4 right / just person for this position?
I mean, do you have any experience
$7.25 $4 an hour
$4 AN HOUR 5
to do / doing work like this?
AN HOUR plus tips
Oliver Yes, I do. I love 6 develop / developing
apps—I’ve already developed some myself
a b c and sold one or two online. I’d 7 say / speak
I’m good at working on a team, too.
4 How does Tiana feel about Zoe? Interviewer Good, we need enthusiastic young people!
Do you have any questions for me?
Oliver Yes. 8 What / Which are the hours and the
pay, please?
Interviewer We pay $15 an hour and you can choose to
work from 20 to 30 hours per week. If that
seems OK, when would you be available
a b c
9
start / to start?
Oliver I 10 could / might start next week.
5 Why is Tiana happy at the end of the conversation? Interviewer Well, everything sounds fine. I’ll talk to
the other members of the team, and I’ll
11
let / give you know later today.
Oliver I look forward to 12 hear / hearing from
you! Thank you for your time.
Workbook

a b c

W19
 Exam practice
1 Exam These four people all want to buy something D WORDS & SPOONS
from a store. Below, there are descriptions of five
stores. Decide which store would be the most suitable Located in an 18th-century building in the city
for the people. Write A, B, C, D, or E. center, Words & Spoons sells fiction and non-fiction
Evan’s going to a party at the books, and has an excellent children’s section. As
weekend. He’s passionate about well as books, there are maps, games, and posters,
looking good and wants to wear and the café offers a tempting range of hot and
an outfit that no one else will be cold drinks and snacks. The staff are friendly and
wearing. He doesn’t mind spending very knowledgeable about their stock.
a bit extra for the right item. B
1 Marcia wants to buy a birthday E
V L Dean
present for her eight-year-old
Need new workwear? Party clothes? Sportswear? This is
grandson. She’s thinking of getting
the place to come for all your clothing needs. There are
a game, a toy, or a book, but she’s
always thousands of products in stock, so you’ll be sure
hoping to get some advice. D
to find what you need, plus there are special offers and
2 Jerome’s been given $25 for his discounts every week.
birthday. He wants to buy a T-shirt or
hoodie. He likes going into physical
stores, and he loves getting special 2 109 Exam You will hear a radio program about
offers! He plans to buy a few items, try youth spending habits. Listen and choose the correct
them on at home, and then return the answers.
ones that aren’t right. E Advertisers target teenagers because they b


3 Katya, who loves music, wants to a have a lot of money to spend.
buy some new clothes. She avoids b influence their parents’ buying habits.
buying new items as she knows how
c are tomorrow’s consumers.
the fashion industry is bad for the
environment. She can’t afford to
1 What does Maria say about her spending? a


spend a lot. C a She doesn’t spend a lot because she

can’t afford to.
A b She spends most of her money on going out.
HELEN’S HANDMADE GIFTS

c She spends everything she has.
Looking for a gift from the heart? Look no further than
Helen’s Handmade Gifts. Here you’ll find an amazing 2 How much money does Maria spend
range of soaps, jewelry, T-shirts, scarves, and bags that a week? b

have all been produced locally by skilled craftspeople. a As much as she can.
For an extra fee, many of the gifts can be personalized b She doesn’t say.
with names and initials. c Only what she earns from babysitting.
3 Maria thinks young people are lucky these
B MADIGAN’S CLOTHES days because c

A vintage clothes shop with a twist. Madigan’s Clothes a they have a lot of electronic devices.
takes second-hand designer items from the 1940s, 50s, b they have more money than their parents did.

60s, and 70s and upcycles them to give them a unique
c there are more things to buy than in the past.
character. No two pieces are the same, so you’ll be sure

to stand out from the crowd at any event. Prices range 4 What is Bill’s view of some young people’s
from $50 for T-shirts to $500 for dresses and suits. spending habits? a

a They waste their money.
C b They spend too much time shopping.
Lawrence & Co c They don’t save enough money.
This is a great place for a bargain – a store 5 What does Bill say about his spending? c

where nothing costs more than $20! The a He doesn’t spend a lot because he

shelves at Lawrence & Co are stacked with can’t afford to.
thousands of second-hand books and clothes.
b He can’t stand wasting his money.
Their T-shirt and hoodie section is excellent,
c He’d like to spend more.
with lots of pre-loved merchandise from
concert tours. However, it’s worth noting that 3 Exam Your English teacher has asked you to write a
Workbook

Lawrence & Co don’t offer refunds. story. Your story must begin with this sentence.
Alex wondered how to spend his last few coins.

Write your story. Write about 100 words.

W20 Practice kit

 3
a r r e f e r e n c e
Gramm

On the money!
Passive voice: present, past, and 4 We can use the passive:

future p.39 ▸ when we want to focus on when or where

something is / was done, rather than who
1 The passive form of all tenses is formed with the verb does / did it.
be, followed by the past participle of the main verb. The house was built ten years ago.
Simple present passive: A new sports center is being built near the river.
▸ am / is / are (not) + past participle ▸ for historical facts. We use the passive form of the
The clothes are sold online. simple past to describe historical facts.
Where is the best olive oil produced? The president was elected for a second term.
Simple past passive: ▸ to describe a process.
▸ was / were (not) + past participle Coffee is grown in Brazil and exported everywhere in
A new product was developed. the world.
When were the new bills launched? ▸ when we want to emphasize the agent.
Present perfect passive: This wallet was made by my little brother!
▸ has / have (not) been + past participle 5 The passive form is often found in formal and written
The thief still hasn’t been caught. contexts (for example, scientific articles, formal
Have the stolen items been found? letters, official communications, etc.).
Past perfect passive: These new theories are currently being tested, and the
results will be published at the end of the year.
▸ had (not) been + past participle
We hadn’t been told.
Had you received the report?
-ing form and base form p.42

Present progressive passive: 1 We use the -ing form of a verb:

▸ am / is / are (not) being + past participle ▸ after a preposition (at, in, for, of, about, with).
The sculptures are being cleaned. Are they thinking of coming with us?
Is the website being updated? He’s not very good at getting to work on time!
Past progressive passive: ▸ when it has the function of a noun
(subject / object).
▸ was / were (not) being + past participle
Climbing is a great sport!
The robber was being interviewed.
Laughing is good for you!
Where were the tickets being sold?
We had a great time diving in Belize.
will passive:
▸ after certain verbs (admit, avoid, can’t stand,
▸ will (not) be + past participle
consider, (don’t) mind, miss, enjoy, finish, imagine,
The ferry will be booked by the travel company. keep, recommend, suggest).
Why won’t the new items be sold online? He enjoys reading.
Modal passive: might, may Do you miss skiing?
▸ may / might (not) be + past participle I’ve suggested going by train.
The pickpocket may be sent to prison. Would you mind giving them a message?
be going to passive: ▸ to describe the purpose of something after for.
▸ be (not) going to be + past participle That machine is for counting money.
The movie is going to be released in December.
2 We use the base form:
When are the winners going to be informed?
▸ after some adjectives, (e.g., amazing, difficult,
2 We use by to say who does the action. easy, excited, expensive, happy, hard, impossible,
The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg. interesting).
I’d be happy to help you with your presentation.
3
Workbook

We use made of / made from to say what material

something is made from. It’s impossible not to realize the company has
problems.
The table legs are made of metal.
My brother is so excited to start school.
This ice cream is made from soy milk.
W21
 Grammar reference
▸ to explain the purpose of an action: to + base form 3 Certain verbs can be followed by the base form or
of the verb the -ing form without any difference in meaning, for
I went home to see if the letter had arrived. example: begin, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, start.
▸ after enough (adjective / adverb + enough; enough When did you begin studying / to study Mandarin?
+ noun) I prefer getting up / to get up early.
I’m not old enough to get a job. 4 Certain verbs (e.g., forget, remember, regret) can be
She has enough money to buy a laptop. followed by the -ing form or the base form with to,
▸ after question words (who, what, how, when). but these have different meanings.
They’re wondering when to set off. ▸ remember / forget + -ing form means to
▸ after certain verbs (afford, agree, arrange, decide, remember / forget something that happened:
hope, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, want, I can’t remember going to the concert—are you sure
would like). it was me?
I arranged to meet Simon in front of the café. You haven’t forgotten singing that song when
we were little, have you?
Will you promise to come?
▸ remember / forget + base form with to means to
remember / forget to do something:
Look
Did you remember to give the key to Jorge?
With certain verbs, such as ask and want, we insert
Oh, no! I forgot to take out the trash.
the object complement between the two verbs.
▸ regret + -ing form is used to describe something
I’m going to ask them to help me.
people did, but was a bad idea:
Lila wants him to go with her.
I regret buying a bike. I never use it.
▸ regret + to + base form is usually used to say you’re
sorry about something, such as giving bad news:

Word list
I regret to say that we can’t offer you a credit card.

Review the vocabulary. Write your own study notes or translation for each word.

Money Check it out Why do you think you’re the right

person for the position?
ATM (n) be driven by (v)




bank card (n) borrow (v)

The job involves (taking payments) …


bill (n) budget (v)


cash (n) gain interest (v)

Have you had any experience (doing)


cash register (n) income (n) …?



check (n) influence (n) When would you be available to start?


coin (n) keep track (v)



contactless payment (n) messaging (n) We’ll let you know in (about a week).


credit card (n) overspend (v)



debit card (n) owe (v) Interviewee


PIN (n) pay someone back I’m passionate about …



price tag (n) pay taxes (v)



receipt (n) second-hand (adj) I’m interested in (learning) …



sustainably (adv)
Spending money


trader (n) I like (meeting people) and I’d say I’m

bargain (n) treat yourself (reliable).



change (n) trend (n) What are the hours and the pay?


discount (n)


exchange (n) Speaking I could start next month.


offer (n) Job interviews


refund (n) Interviewer I look forward to hearing from you.
Workbook


sale (n) Why are you interested in working

Thank you for your time.

for …?



W22
4 D i g i t a l li fe

Digital life
Technology verbs p.49
Vocabulary
3 Choose the correct answers to complete the
sentences, a, b, or c.
Technology nouns p.48 If you can’t a here, try upstairs.

1 Complete the words. a get a signal b crash c browse

1 I’m having problems b new apps on my
phone.
a plugging in b installing c charging
2 If your computer b again, wait a minute
before restarting it.
a browses b crashes c runs out
keyboard 1 mouse 2 plug
3 How often do you run c of data?
a up b off c out
4 Do you have to plug a your microphone or
is it wireless?
a in b on c up
5 Is your laptop still on? You should turn it a
3 printer 4 speaker 5 earphones when you go to bed.
a off b up c out

4 Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct

form of the words and phrases in the box.

turn it on browse charge run out of crash

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
install get a signal plug in
6 charger 7 microphone
 ​
 ​
A Are you OK?
B No, I charged my
2 Complete the crossword. Use the letters in purple to make laptop this morning, but
the secret word: computer the battery’s nearly run
out again, and it keeps
1
C H A R G E R 1
crashing just when
2
M I C R O P H O N E I’m in the middle of
doing something!
3
M O N I T O R
1
4
S P E A K E R S A There’s a problem with my computer. I keep
5
M O U S E trying to 2 turn it on , but nothing’s
6
B A T T E R Y happening.
B Hmm. Is it definitely 3 plugged in ?
7
K E Y B O A R D A Let me see … Oh! No, it isn’t! Thanks.
8
P R I N T E R 2
A Can I borrow your phone? I’ve 4 run out of
1 You use it when your battery is dead. What is it?
data.
2 You speak into this to record your voice. B You can borrow it if you want, but I can’t
3 You use one of these to look at things on your computer. 5
get a signal right now.
4 You use these to listen to music with your friends. 3
5 I don’t use my cat to click on things. What do I use? A Have you 6 installed many apps on your
6 When my phone needs charging, this symbol appears. phone?
Workbook

7 This has letters, numbers, and symbols on it. B No, I mostly use it to 7 browse the
Internet.
8 This needs paper. What is it?

W23
 Grammar
Third conditional p.51 wish and should have to
5 Match the sentences with the conditionals. express regret p.54
I wouldn’t have known about the test if she hadn’t told me. c 9 Match the sentences with the uses.


1 If I lived nearer to you, I’d come over more often. b I wish I had known about the concert. b


a


2 If I get home early, I’ll watch the soccer game on TV.
1 I wish I had red hair. a



a first conditional
a desire to change a state or a present
b second conditional situation
c third conditional b regret for a past situation
6 Choose the correct alternatives. 10 Complete the sentences with the correct
third conditional: If + present perfect / past perfect, + subject form of the verbs in the box.
+ would / would have + past participle
win call go not leave
1 affirmative: If she went / ’d been to Morocco, she’d

 ​
 ​
 ​
visit / have visited the Sahara.
I wish I ’d gone shopping with you and
2 negative: If you hadn’t read / didn’t read about the movie, you Juan last weekend. I was so bored at home!
wouldn’t have / had gone to see it.
1 Daniel and Rosa wish they
3 The third conditional is used to talk about an imaginary situation hadn’t left home so late—they
in the present / past. missed the beginning of the movie.
7 Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the 2 I wish our soccer team had won
third conditional. on Sunday.
I would have been (be) mad at Jon if he hadn’t apologized 3 Ana wishes she had called Jorge
immediately. on his birthday. He was upset that he
1 They wouldn’t have gone for a walk if they hadn’t heard from her.
had seen (see) the weather forecast.
2 If she’d had a map app, she wouldn’t have gotten
(not / get) lost.
3 He would have forgotten (he / forget) his phone
if I hadn’t reminded him.
4 Would your mom have missed (your mom / miss) the bus
if she’d taken a taxi to the station?
5 I would have listened to music on the train if
I had had (have) my headphones.

8 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the

first. Use one to four words including the word in CAPITALS.
She decided to study medicine because her sister was sick.
REASON
Her sister’s sickness was the reason that she decided to study
medicine.
1 Hackers have caused them a lot of problems.
DUE
They’ve had a lot of problems due to hackers.
2 Advances in technology mean that we know much more about
the impact of global warming.
BECAUSE
We know much more about the impact of global warming
because of advances in technology.
3 Antibiotics have saved many lives.
RESULT
Many lives have been saved as a result of antibiotics.
Workbook

4 My computer kept crashing so I used your laptop.

BECAUSE
I used your laptop because my computer kept crashing.

W24
 Grammar
4
11 Read the journal entry. Then write sentences 13 Use the pictures and prompts 1-4. Write sentences

Digital life
with wish. using should have or shouldn’t have.

I didn’t sleep well because I was nervous 1

about Billie and Zac’s wedding! Well, to be
precise, I was nervous about the speech
I’d promised to give on their big day! The
ceremony was beautiful, and then we all
went to a hotel for the reception. We had
a great meal, and then it was time for the
speeches. There were 150 guests, and they
were all looking at me. I was nervous and
hot – which wasn’t helped by the thick
jacket I was wearing! My heart was beating 2
fast, and my mouth was dry. There was no
microphone, and at first, people couldn’t
hear me. My face was really red, and the
fact that people were taking pictures of
me made me feel even more embarrassed.
But then I saw Billie and Zac smiling at me
and I felt better. I didn’t tell many jokes, but
I think my speech was OK. And Billie and
Zac said they liked it, which was the most
important thing.
3
sleep / well
I wish I’d slept better.
1 wear / a thick jacket
I wish I hadn’t worn a thick jacket.
2 be / a microphone
I wish there’d been a microphone.
3 people / pictures of me
I wish people hadn’t taken pictures of me.
4 tell / a few more jokes
I wish I’d told a few more jokes. 4

12 Read the first sentences. Then complete the second

sentences with should have / shouldn’t have
and the correct form of the words in parentheses.
Those apps take up a lot of memory.
You shouldn’t have installed them .
(install them)
1 My cat, Bogus, didn’t have enough water.
I should have checked that my cat had enough
water . (check)
2 Ben spent too much on his new jacket. I / eat / all the pizza

He shouldn’t have spent so much on his new

I shouldn’t have eaten all the pizza.
jacket . (spend / so much) 1 Eddie / get to / the station earlier

3 They left really late for the plane. Eddie should have gotten to the station earlier.
2 Ayla / charge / her battery
They shouldn’t have left so late .
Ayla should have charged her battery.
Workbook

(leave / so late)
3 I / agree / to do this job
I shouldn’t have agreed to do this job.

Grammar reference pp.W28–W29 W25

 Listening and Speaking
Listening p.55 Speaking p.52

1 110 Listen to a podcast about the history of chatbots 3 Complete the dialogues with the words in the box.
and match 1–7 with A–G.
sorry world should confession mind
ELIZA G

 ​
 ​
​
 ​

1 A.L.I.C.E. A Marco I have a confession to make.

2 SmarterChild D Valeria That sounds serious! What’s happened?

3 Watson C Marco I’m really 1 sorry , but I’ve

4 Eugene Goostman B broken the screen on your tablet. I left
it on the corner of my desk, and it

5 Messaging chatbots F fell off when I got up.

6 LaMDA AI E Valeria Oh, dear. Never 2 mind , it’s not

A was one of the first chatbots on the Internet. the end of the 3 world . It was
B convinced some people it was a 13-year-old boy from rather old anyway, and I was thinking
Ukraine. of getting a new one.
Marco I 4 should have put it back in
C won a TV quiz show.
its case when I’d finished with it.
D gave users information about things like the weather.
E was the first chatbot to pass the Turing Test.
wish telling worry afraid
F appeared on websites to give customer support.

 ​
 ​
 ​
G was the first chatbot. Lulu Oh, no. I’m sorry, David. I think I’ve broken
your computer mouse. I was getting up to
2 110 Exam Listen again and write a word, date, or
answer the phone, and I’m 5 afraid it fell
number in each space. out of my hand.
David Don’t 6 worry about it. Accidents happen.

C H AT B O T S
Lulu Yes, but I 7 wish I’d been more careful. I’ll
get you a new one.
David No, it’s OK. I have another one from my old
Alan Turing first had the idea of the Turing Test, computer. But thanks for 8 telling me.
originally called “the imitation game,” in 1950 . 4 Choose the correct responses.
Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA in 1 1966 . “I’m afraid I’ve lost your phone charger.”
A.L.I.C.E., which was developed in the 1980s, had a Never mind.
more interesting 2 conversations than ELIZA. b I’m really sorry.
As a result of the growth in online chat platforms 1 “I have a confession to make.”
and instant 3 messaging , chatbots like a Don’t worry about it.
SmarterChild were developed in the late 1990s and b What have you done?
early 2000s.
2 “I should have been more careful.”
In 2015, 4 33 % of judges believed Eugene a I’m really sorry.
Goostman was human.
b It’s not the end of the world.
When you have a conversation with a chatbot 3 “I’m very sorry. I wish I’d kept them in the case.”
like LaMDA or Chat GPT-3, it’s very 5 realistic
a Don’t worry about it.
because of the way the dialogue develops.
b What have you done?
A chatbot passed the Turing Test for the first time in
6
2022 .
Scientists might wish they had been more careful
when developing AI because there are 7 dangers
in creating machines that pretend to be human.
Workbook

W26
 Exam practice
4
1 Exam Read the text and choose the correct answer 3 111 Exam Listen to five conversations.

Digital life
a, b, c, or d. Choose the correct answers.
You will hear a brother and sister talking about a
computer problem. What does the girl suggest?
I’ve decided to share my
a checking that a cable is connected
experience of cyberbullying
here as I think it might help b turning the computer off and on again
other people. c installing better anti-virus protection
1 You will hear two friends talking about a cell
I was 14 when it started. phone. What does the boy like best about his new
I turned a my phone phone?
one day and saw I had some a It has a big screen.
horrible messages. Then there
b It’s much faster than his old one.
were pictures of me on a social media page with
unpleasant comments, and I knew that everyone c It charges quickly.
was laughing at me. I had no idea who was doing 2 You will hear a mother talking to her son.
it, and I felt terrible. I couldn’t concentrate on my The boy should have
schoolwork, and I kept getting bad grades as a apologized to his sister.
a 1 d of it all. b used his sister’s camera.
I 2 c have told my parents about it, but I was too c saved the data on the computer.
embarrassed. Some of the comments were so bad 3 You will hear two friends talking about social
that I didn’t want anyone to see them. Luckily, my media. What does the girl regret?
best friend saw something on my phone, and she
a Tagging her best friend in a picture.
persuaded me to tell a teacher. It was a huge relief.
I don’t know how things would have ended if I 3 b b Sharing her best friend’s post.
followed her advice. In the end, the school found out c Writing a post about her best friend.
who the person was, and the posts stopped. 4 You will hear a father and daughter talking about
I4
c I’d talked to an adult about it sooner. My phones. The father suggests
message to you is this: 5 a you’re a victim of a replacing the screen.
cyberbullying, tell an adult straightaway. It could be b getting a new phone.
your parents, a teacher, a doctor, or even the police. c buying a new battery.
Just please don’t wait.
4 Exam You see this notice on an English-language
website.
a on b off c up d down Write your article. Write about 100 words.
1 a problem b reason c condition d result
Articles wanted!
2 a shouldn’t b didn’t c should d wish
3 a had b hadn’t c would d wouldn’t TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION
4 a should b would c wish d could
How has technology helped communication over
5 a if b because c as d so the years?
2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. What problems has it caused?

because shouldn’t if hadn’t due reason had Write an article answering these questions
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
wouldn’t and we will put it on our website!

We wouldn’t have gotten lost if we’d had our phones

with us.
1 I wish I hadn’t listened to that podcast. It was scary!
2 What was your reason for posting that picture?
3 My laptop crashed due to a virus.
4 I need a memory stick for my laptop because it only
has 64GB of storage.
5 You’ll get a signal if you go to the top of the hill.
6 We shouldn’t have used the same password.
Workbook

7 If Anna had been there, she would have known what

to do.

Practice kit W27

 a r r e f e r e n c e
Gramm
Third conditional p.51 5 The short form ’d corresponds to had if it is in the if
clause, or would if it is in the main clause.
1 We use the third conditional to talk about an If I’d (I had) found the ring, I’d (I would) have taken
imaginary or unreal situation in the past, and to it to the police station.
describe its result or consequences.
If Tom had come with us, he would have enjoyed 6 We can replace would with other modals depending
himself. on the certainty of the situation.
If the police hadn’t arrived, the vandals might have done
2 As with the first conditional and the second more damage.
conditional, the third conditional is formed from two
parts: the if clause which expresses the condition, and 7 An alternative way to describe the results or
the main clause which expresses the consequence or consequences of past actions and events is to talk
result. about what actually happened, and use linking words
and phrases.
First conditional
▸ result clause + because + reason clause
If clause Main clause The bus was late because the weather was bad.
If + simple present, will + base form of the verb
▸ result clause + because of / as a result of / due to +
If I don’t go now, I’ll / I will miss the party.
reason noun
Second conditional The bus was late because of / as a result of / due to
If clause Main clause the bad weather.
would + base form of the ▸ reason noun + was the reason (that) + result clause
If + simple past,
verb
The bad weather was the reason that the bus was late.
If he had time, he would help us.
Third conditional
wish and should have to express
If clause Main clause
If + past perfect, would have + past participle regret p.54
If they had seen you, they would have waited. 1 We use wish + simple past to express a desire in
the present.
3 The third conditional is formed as follows: I wish I had more free time. (= I don’t have enough
free time.)
▸ The if clause is formed with the past perfect:
if + subject + had / ’d or hadn’t + past participle 2 We use wish + past perfect to say what we would like
If my brother hadn’t studied chemistry, … to have been or not been in the past. We use this
construction to express regret for something we
▸ The main clause is formed with would have:
have or have not done.
subject + would have / ’d have / wouldn’t have +
I wish you’d been there! (but you weren’t)
past participle
I wish they hadn’t told him. (but they did tell him)
… he wouldn’t have become a scientist.
Do you wish you hadn’t bought it? (but you did buy it)
▸ Questions are formed with:
would + subject + have + past participle … + ? 3 In the present, we use should to give advice and could
to express possibility.
What would he have done if he hadn’t become
a scientist? You should see the sequel. He could win the race.
  
4 As with the other conditional forms, the if clause can 4 When talking about unreal or imaginary situations in
precede or follow the main clause. When the if clause the past, we can use should have / could have + the
follows the main clause, you don’t use a comma to past participle of the verb.
separate them. ▸ Affirmative:
I would have reported the theft if I’d been there. subject + should / could + have + past participle
When the if clause precedes the main clause, you use He should have called the doctor.

a comma to separate them. She could have gone to college.
Workbook

If I’d been there, I would have reported the theft.

W28
 4
▸ Negative: 6 We use should(n’t) have or could have to express a

Digital life
subject + should / could not / n’t + have + criticism or regret for something that has (or hasn’t)
past participle been done. (We don’t use couldn’t have in this way.)
They shouldn’t have gone without me. You should have told the truth.
We couldn’t have had a better time—everything They shouldn’t have been so strict.
was amazing. You could have told me!
▸ Interrogative:
7 Should(n’t) have is also used to say that a schedule
Should / Could + subject + have + past participle + ? or an event has not been respected or does not
Should I have bought the tickets? correspond to our expectations.
Could I have gotten a better price? The movie should have started 15 minutes ago.
▸ Short answers:
8 We can use ought (not) to instead of should(n’t) in
Yes, + subject pronoun + should / could (have). both the present and past. Ought to is more formal
No, + subject pronoun + shouldn’t / couldn’t (have). than should and is less common.
Yes, you should / could (have). ▸ subject + ought to + base form of the verb
No, you shouldn’t / couldn’t (have). You ought to take notes.

5 We can use should have / could have to talk about ▸ subject + ought to + have + past participle
things that have not occurred in the past, but that we They ought to have bought the ticket online.
believe were desirable or expected.
I should have bought the jacket when I saw it.
We could have won that game.

Word list
Review the vocabulary. Write your own study notes or translation for each word.

Technology nouns install (v) on the move (phr)



battery (n) plug in (v) reward (n)



button (n) run out of (v) rock your world (phr)



cable (n) turn off (v) stick to (v)



charger (n) turn on (v) vintage (adj)



earphones (n) turn up (v)
Speaking


keyboard (n)
Social media Apologizing

memory stick (n)
comment (v) I have a confession.

microphone (n)


follow (v)

monitor (n)


post (v) I’m really sorry.

mouse (n)


scroll (v) Expressing regret

plug (n)

share (v) I wish (I’d been more careful).

printer (n)


tag (v)

socket (n)


view (v) I should (have put it in a case).

speaker (n)



switch (n) Check it out

Accepting an apology

Technology verbs all the rage (phr) It’s not the end of the world.


digital detox (n)
browse (v)


disable notifications (v)

charge (v) Don’t worry about it.


Workbook

dozen (n)

crash (v)


keep in touch (phr)

get a signal (v) Never mind.


load (v)


W29
 5 M e d i a m a t t e r s

Vocabulary

Advertising p.62 4 Read the clues. Then complete the crossword.

1 Complete the chart with the words in the box. S 1

logo launch consumer grab attention L O G O

2
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
ad promote sponsor reach commercial 3
B O
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
persuade slogan campaign influencer 4
S I G
 ​
 ​
 ​
People Verbs Publicity P L A
consumer launch logo
5
P R O D U C T 6
LA U N C H
sponsor grab attention ad N B
influencer promote commercial S O
reach slogan 7
C O M M E R 8
C I A L
persuade campaign R A R
M D
2 Look at the pictures and complete the words.
P
1 2 3 9
M A R K E T
I
G
10
B R A N D
Across
1 There’s an 1 a d v e r t i s e m e n t 2 often a small picture or design
on this 2 b i l l b o a r d. 5 something that is made to be sold
2 This i n f l u e n c e r is showing her
3 6 to start a company
followers a 4 p r o d u c t she’s received. 7 a TV ad
3 These famous 5 b r a n d s are 9 group of consumers who buy a product
6
s p o n s o r s for the soccer game. 10 the company name of a product
Each one has a 7 l o g o.
Down
3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
1 a short catchy phrase used to promote a product
catch label publicity consumer 3 a very big street ad
 ​
 ​
​
 ​
slogan promote
4 provides financial support
 ​
A person who buys products or services is a 8 a series of planned activities designed to advertise something
consumer.
1 Companies and individuals use publicity so
that people know about them and their products.
2 Ads are sometimes funny or shocking to
catch people’s attention.
3 Advertising on a billboard can be a good way to
promote a new store or product.
4 A label
Workbook

gives information about, e.g., the

price, the size, and washing instructions. It can
also mean “brand.”
5 “Just do it” is a famous slogan .

W30
 Grammar
5
Reported speech: statements p.65 9 Choose the correct alternatives.

Media matters
Mom told / said that she would be late home.
5 Complete the chart.
1 The teacher told / said us to close our books.
Direct speech Reported speech 2 I told / said you that we were late.
She said that … 3 The ad said / told that it was a famous brand.
“I buy …” she bought 4 Did you tell / say Kim she had to meet us here?
“I’m buying …” 1
she was buying 10 Complete the sentences in direct or reported speech.
“I bought …” 2
she had bought “I love surfing vlogs.”
“I’ve bought …” 3
she had bought She said she loved surfing vlogs.
“I will buy …” 4
she would buy 1 He said he was reading a review.
“I’m reading a review,” he said.
“I’m going to buy …” 5
she was going to buy
2 “I saw that commercial on TV,” he said.
“I can buy …” 6
she could buy
He said he’d seen that
commercial on TV.
6 Match the sentence halves. 3 She said she’d meet me at the theater.
You use a complement c She said, “I’ll meet you at the

theater.”
1 You don’t use a complement a

4 He said, “I’ve read the label.”
2 You can omit that b
He said he’d read the label.

a after say. 5 She said, “I can’t speak German.”
b after say and tell. She told me she couldn’t speak German.
c after tell. 6 He said, “We’re going to launch a perfume.”
7 Complete the chart with the words in the box. He said they were going to launch a perfume.

the following Saturday tomorrow the day before 11 Tara often says things that are not true. Contradict
her using the words in parentheses. Change other
 ​
 ​
 ​
this there that day
words if necessary.
 ​
 ​
I don’t like rock music.
Direct speech Reported speech
You said you loved (love) it!
now then
1 My mom speaks perfect French.
this that
You told me she couldn’t speak (can’t speak) any
here 1
there foreign languages!
today 2
that day 2 We’re going to Costa Rica for Christmas.
3
tomorrow the next day You said you were staying (stay) at home!
next Saturday 4
the following Saturday 3 I love Kevin.
yesterday 5
the day before You told me you hated (hate) him!
4 I met your cousin last summer.
last Monday the Monday before
You said you ’d never met (never meet) him!
5 I’ll give you the money tomorrow.
8 Choose the correct alternatives. You told me you had paid me back (pay me
Changes in tenses in reported questions are back) today!
the same as / different from those in indirect speech. 6 I’ve been to the U.S. twice.
1 When referring to Yes / No questions, we use You said you ’d never been (never go) to
a question pronoun / if. the U.S.
2 We use / don’t use auxiliary verbs and inversion
in reported questions.
Workbook

Grammar reference pp.W35–W36 W31

 Grammar
12 Read about a problem with a product. Then choose 15 Question, command, or request? Write Q, C, or R.
the correct alternatives. They asked us to arrive early. R


1 The bus driver told us to sit down. C


2 Mom asked if we were hungry. Q


Last year, I bought a raincoat in a store. I’d seen
advertisements for the brand which showed people 16 Complete the blog with reported requests and
happily wearing the coats in heavy rain. However, commands. Use the verbs in parentheses, and the
the first time I wore the raincoat, it was raining and I correct pronoun.
got really wet. I took it back to the store and said I’d
bought it here / there and that I wanted my money
back. The salesperson said I couldn’t have my
money back because I’d worn it outside. I explained
A team effort
that I’d worn it 1 yesterday / the day before for the
first time, but he said there was nothing he could
do and that the store wasn’t responsible for the ad
I’d seen. I asked to speak to the manager, but the
salesperson said she wasn’t there 2 that day / today.
I said I’d come back 3 tomorrow / the next day, but
he said she was on vacation for a week. So I went
back 4 the following week / next week and spoke
to the manager, who apologized and gave me a full
refund. She explained that the salesperson had only
started working there 5 this / that month, and that
he’d thought he was doing the right thing.

Reported speech: questions

and commands p.68 Last year, my family and I made a funny YouTube
video. We didn’t plan to. It all started out as
13 Look at the answers and complete the reported a little bit of fun. My dad’s a really good piano
questions with what, where, who, why, when, or how.
player, so one evening I asked him to give
He asked me why I hadn’t called him. (ask / give) me a lesson. When we’d finished, Dad
Answer: I didn’t have time. 1
told me to choose (tell / choose) my favorite song.
1 They asked her where she’d been on vacation. He played it on the piano, and I sang. It must have
Answer: Florida. sounded OK because Mom and my brother, Sam,
2 I asked her who ’d given her the present.
2
didn’t tell us to stop (not tell / stop). ( They
Answer: Mom and Dad. usually do!) In fact, they came into the living room
3 They asked me how I’d got there. and 3 asked us to sing (ask / sing) it again. Sam’s
Answer: By train. very musical, too, so we 4 told him to go (tell /
go) and get his guitar. He joined in, and it sounded
4 Mom asked what I’d bought at the market.
great. Over the next few weeks, we practiced a lot.
Answer: A pair of boots.
Mom didn’t want to be part of it, but one day we
5 We asked when the movie started. 5
asked her to film (ask / film) us. The video was
Answer: Ten o’clock. pretty good! Sam said we should share it on social
14 Rewrite the direct questions in reported speech. media, so Dad and I 6 told him to put (tell /
put) it on YouTube. Not many people watched it to
“What’s your name?” they asked.
begin with, but then suddenly, it started getting lots
They asked me what my name was. of likes! A few weeks later, we had a message from
1 “Where do you live?” he asked. a local radio presenter who 7 asked us to go
He asked me where I lived. (ask / go) into the studio and sing the song live
2 “Have you met Lucas?” she asked. on air. Dad wanted to reply to them quickly, so he
She asked me if I’d met Lucas. asked me and Sam what we thought. At first, we
3 “Do you like school?” they asked.
8
told him to say (tell / say) no, but then Mom
They asked me if I liked school.
9
asked us to think (ask / think) about how we
might feel if we didn’t do it. So we said yes, and we
Workbook

4 “What’s your favorite subject?” she asked.

certainly didn’t regret it!
She asked me what my favorite 2 7 1
subject was.

W32
 Listening and Speaking
5
Listening p.66 Speaking p.66

Media matters
1 112 Exam You will hear a journalist, Foster Lee, 3 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box.
talking to students about greenwashing. Listen and
choose the correct answers. makes how drives would joking

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
believe nerves
Why did Foster Lee go to the supermarket? c

 ​

a to do a survey on labeling Ben I don’t know why you broke up with
b to study eco-friendly products Chris—she’s amazing!
c to buy a product Joe What do you mean? We’re still together!
Ben Oh! Well, it’s just something Lucy said.
1 What is greenwashing? b
Joe I don’t believe it! What did she say?

a a product with a green label
Ben She told me that you’d broken up with Chris
b a marketing strategy because you and Lucy like each other.
c an environmentally friendly company Joe Why 1 would she say that? No way!
2 What is the purpose of greenwashing? a 2
How ridiculous!

a to make ordinary products appear green Ben Lucy seemed to know all the details, and she
said that Chris was really upset about it.
b to help consumers choose eco-friendly products
Joe You’re 3 joking ! It really gets on my

c to help the environment nerves
4
when people tell lies about
3 How have consumer habits changed? b other people. It 5 makes me really upset

a People spend more money. because it can do so much damage!
b More people are looking for green products. Ben I know what you mean. It 6 drives me
c People spend less on green products. crazy when people tell me lies, too.
Joe I know. I mean, I like Lucy as a friend, but that’s
4 What proportion of people is willing to pay
all. I’m going to have to talk to her about all
more for environmentally friendly products? a
of this.

a more than half
b less than half 4 Match the sentence and question halves.
c only a very few Do you know where c

5 What is the best way to avoid companies 1 Could you tell me how b

that practice greenwashing? c 2 I was wondering why a


a by reading labels carefully 3 Do you have any idea when 
e
b by avoiding brands that sponsor big events
4 I’d like to know who d
c by checking out companies online

a she wasn’t at the party on Saturday.
2 112 Read the task carefully and think about the
b to get to the bus station, please?
relationship between the ideas in the options. Listen
again and choose the correct answers. c Mia and Natalia have gone?
Foster Lee cares for the environment b eco-friendly d told Mateo that I liked his brother.
labels on the shampoo bottles in the supermarket. e they’ll be back?
a so he was pleased to see so many 5 Write indirect questions for the situations. Use the
b but he was confused by the large number of words in parentheses.
1 Greenwashing is a You can’t find your cell phone. (know)
a used to sell large products as well as small products. Do you know where my cell phone is ?
b usually only used to sell small products. 1 You don’t know where the library is. (could)
2 Companies that practice greenwashing say they care Could you tell me where the library is ?
about the environment, b 2 Nobody was at soccer practice yesterday.
a and most of them do. (wondering)
b but actually they don’t. I was wondering why nobody was at
3 More consumers are making eco-friendly choices a soccer practice yesterday .
a because of environmental issues in the news. 3 Someone broke the classroom window. (like)
b as a result of climate change. I’d like to know who broke the classroom
4 Foster Lee suggests buying products with less packaging window .
Workbook

and plastic, b 4 You don’t know when the store closes. (idea)
a even if they are more expensive than other products. Do you have any idea when the store
b however, he knows this can be difficult. closes ?

W33
 Exam practice
1 Exam Five sentences have been removed from the 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same
text below. For each question, choose the correct meaning as the first one.
answer. There are two extra sentences which you do “I got back yesterday.”
not need to use.
Celia said she had gotten back the day before.
1 “I’ll give you a ride tomorrow.”
I’m not biased – or am I? He offered to give me a ride the next /
following day.
The other day, my friend told me he’d been
2 “Isabel, will you close the door, please?”
late to college because some “Just Stop Oil”
protestors had stopped traffic moving through The teacher asked Isabel to close the door.
London. C . My friend thinks of them as 3 “What time is it?”
thoughtless and inconsiderate to the people Mr. Bond asked me what the time was .
they affect, while I see them as doing what 4 “Jump into the pool, everyone!”
they can to protect the planet. She told us to jump into the pool.
It reminded me how much we are all 5 “Where does he live?”
influenced by the media. Every day we I was wondering where he lived .
receive information from people trying to
promote their products or persuade us that 3 113 Exam Listen to Lauren, a graphic designer,
their opinion is the only one that’s right. 1 A talk about her job. Write one or two words in
It forms our values, beliefs, and decisions. each space.

When it comes to the news, we need to LAUREN WILLIAMS, GRAPHIC DESIGNER

remember how all news providers have
biases which affect how they present stories. Lauren works with website designers at a marketing
2
F It can show up in small ways, like company.
whether a news story is on the front page of a She went to 1 art college despite people telling her
newspaper or in the middle, and even in what she’d never make money as an artist.
products are placed near a particular story. Lauren likes the fact that she’s paid to do “visual
The use of critical thinking will help you 2
storytelling ,” which is what people do on social
identify bias in the news. Look out for media when they post pictures and videos.
misleading headlines. 3 E Check whether a She helps companies develop their 3 brand
report acknowledges different perspectives or so people understand quickly what their product or
only presents one point of view, and whether it service is.
comes from a reliable source. Lauren enjoys designing logos; she explains that in
Having biases is a natural part of being Ancient Greek, the word “logos” meant “word” or
human, but it can be dangerous when it 4
“thought .”
closes our minds to other opinions. It’s worth She describes how a recent customer asked her to
asking yourself from time change the 5 color of a logo.
to time what biases
2 7 1
you might have,
and where they
come from. 4 B It 4 Exam You see this notice on an English-language
can lead to some website.
very interesting Write your article. Write about 100 words.
discussions!
Articles wanted!

A The endless stream of messages is powerful. ADVERTISEMENTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

B You can also ask your friends whether they think you What ads do you often see on social media?
have any biases.
Which ads do you like / not like? Why?
C As I listened, I realized that we have very different
views about the protestors. Write an article answering these questions and
we will put it on our website!
D Sometimes it’s difficult to know who to trust.
E Be suspicious of language that’s very emotional.
Workbook

F And of course, bias isn’t always immediately obvious.

G News broadcasters have a responsibility toward their
audience.

W34 Practice kit

 5
a r r e f e r e n c e
Gramm

Media matters
Reported speech: 4 When we change direct speech to reported speech, we make
a number of changes to the sentence that is being reported:
statements p.65 ▸ we move the tense back in time;
Direct speech Reported speech ▸ we change pronouns according to the meaning;
am / is / are was / were ▸ we change time expressions and place according to the
He said (that) the Wi-Fi meaning (see below).
“The Wi-Fi is slow.”
was slow. “We’re meeting my parents tomorrow.”
Simple present Simple past ➞ Fay said they were meeting her parents the next day.

 
“I go to that sports She said (that) she went “I start my new school next week”
club.” to that sports club.
➞ Pablo said that he was starting his new school the following
can / can’t could / couldn’t

 
week.
They said (that) they
“We can’t find it.”
couldn’t find it. Direct speech Reported speech
Present progressive Past progressive now then
Bella said (that) she was this that
“I’m charging it.”
charging it. here there
Simple past Past perfect today that day
Lori said (that) she tomorrow the next / following day
“I emailed him
had emailed him the next Monday the following Monday
yesterday.”
day before.
yesterday the day before
Present perfect Past perfect last Monday the Monday before
She said (that) Adam
“Adam has left.”
had left.
will / won’t would / wouldn’t Reported speech: questions and
He said (that) he’d / he
“I’ll call them.”
would call them. commands p.68
may (not) might (not) 1 The most common verb in English to refer to a question
He said (that) the is ask.
“The economy may
economy might
improve.”
improve. 2 In reported questions, the verb is never in the interrogative
form, so we don’t use the auxiliary do / did.
“Where do you work?” I asked.
1 We use reported speech (indirect speech)
when we want to report what someone said ➞ I asked where he worked.
 
without repeating the exact words. 3 In closed questions (Yes / No questions), we use if.
2 The most common verbs for introducing “Is the TV report live?” he asked.
reported speech are say and tell. ➞ He asked if the TV report was live.
 
▸ We use tell if the person being talked to is 4 When we report a question, we make the same changes
mentioned. of tenses, pronouns, places, and time expressions as in
He told me (that) they were leaving at reported statements.
11 o’clock. “Why did you do this?”
▸ We use say if the person isn’t mentioned. ➞ They asked why she had done that.
 
He said (that) they were arriving at two
o’clock.

3 Other verbs can be used depending on

the situation.
He claimed (that) his pet was healthy.
Workbook

They admitted (that) it was their fault.

They denied (that) they had been there.

W35
 Grammar reference

Look 6 Other verbs which use this construction are: advise,

invite, persuade, remind, warn.
In some situations, we may prefer to ask indirect He advised us to arrive early.
questions as they sound more polite than a direct
They invited me to stay.
question. These are formed in the same way as for
reported speech. They often start with: I persuaded her not to say anything.
Could you tell me … I’d like to know … She reminded her mom to write a note.
Do you know … I was wondering … I warned you not to go!
Could you tell me what time the play starts, please?
Excuse me. Do you know where the nearest bank is?

5 We usually use the verbs tell, ask, or order to refer to

requests and commands.
▸ subject + reporting verb + complement +
(not) infinitive
She’ll tell them to go away!
He told them not to make a noise.
We’ve asked them to give us a discount.
I asked her not to go.
She ordered us to stop work immediately.

Word list
Review the vocabulary. Write your own study notes or translation for each word.

Advertising Check it out Speaking

advertisement / ad (n) broadcast (v) Expressing disbelief


billboard (n) broadcaster (n) No way! How (ridiculous)!


brand (n) bulletin (n)



campaign (n) credible source (n) Why would he say that?



commercial (n) fake (adj)



consumer (n) false advertising claims I don’t believe it!



grab (someone’s) attention



footage (n) You’re joking!



influence (v) hoax (n)



influencer (n) misleading (adj) Expressing annoyance


label (n) producer (n) It really gets on my nerves (when …)


launch (v) targeted (adj)



logo (n) It really makes me angry / upset
(when …)

market (n)


persuade (v)

It drives me crazy (when …)

product (n)


promote (v)


publicity (n)

Workbook

reach (v)

slogan (n)

sponsor (n)

W36
6 Food f o r t h o u g h t

Food for thought

Preparing food p.75
Vocabulary
3 Look at the food and drink. Which verb would you NOT
use with each one?
Describing food p.74 water bake / pour / boil
1 cake decorate / chop / bake
1 Look and choose the correct alternatives.
2 vegetable soup chop / mix / bake
3 a steak pour / fry / serve

4 Complete the recipes with suitable verbs.

raw / spicy 1 crispy / bland Omelet

2 sweet / fresh 3 spicy / fresh

2 Read the clues. Then complete the crossword.

Chop the potatoes and onions into small pieces.
1
F 2
R E S H Heat a pan of water and 1 boil / cook the
potatoes in it for a short time. In another pan,
A 2
fry / cook the onions gently in some olive oil.
3
S W E E 4T Add the potatoes to the onions, then beat the eggs
with a little water and 3 pour them over the
5
C P O onions and potatoes. Season with salt and pepper.
R I U
4
Fry / Cook the omelette for about ten minutes.
5
Serve with a green salad.
I 6
B C G
7
S A L T Y H
P A
Cakes
Y N
D

Across
1 These vegetables have just been picked.
3 There’s a lot of sugar in this.
7 Potato chips are too for me.
Down
To make the cakes, 6 mix some butter
2 Meat that has not been cooked.
and sugar together in a bowl. Beat the eggs, and
3 Mexican food is well known for being . 7
add them to the butter and sugar, with
4 Oh, dear! This steak is like leather! the flour. Put the mixture into 12 cake cases on
5 Mmm! I love these spring rolls. a baking sheet, and 8 bake the cakes for
Workbook

about 15 minutes in a pre-heated oven. When they

6 This pasta isn’t very tasty.
are cool, 9 decorate the cakes with colored
candy or chocolate chips.

W37
 Grammar
Count and noncount nouns p.77 10 Choose the correct alternatives.
There were only a few / few people in the store.
5 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 I wish I hadn’t spent so much / many money.
We can use a / an with count / noncount nouns.
2 There’s only a few / a little milk left.
1 Noncount nouns have no singular / plural form.
3 How much / many burgers did you buy?
2 Nouns that can be both count and noncount have
4 This website has few / a lot of good recipes. You’re
similar / different meanings.
sure to find what you want.
6 Decide if the words are C (count), N (noncount), 5 Very few / A few locals eat here. It’s too expensive.
or B (both). 6 There’s very little / few choice on the menu.
advice N 8 time B 7 How much / many soup have you made?


1 cake B 9 language C
11 What do you usually eat and drink? Complete the


2 chocolate B 10 money N
sentences.


3 information N 11 noise B
1 I only eat a few .


4 dollar C 12 problem C
2 I eat hardly any .


5 experience B 13 house C
3 I don’t eat many .


6 glass B 14 weather N
4 I drink a lot of .


7 hour C
5 I don’t drink much .

7 Complete the sentences with a / an, the, or – (no 6 I drink very little .
article).
My sister doesn’t eat – meat, but she eats – Quantity collocations p.77
eggs.
1 I ordered a steak for lunch. The steak was 12 Complete the noun collocations using a word in
raw, so I sent it back. each box.
2 I always say – pasta is my favorite food, but bottle bowl cup portion slice work
the pasta in this place is very bland.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
3 I love – art. I want to study it in college. art water fries hot chocolate cake soup
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
4 How much are the burgers, please?

8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 1 2

the nouns in the box.

minute mistake burger interest

 ​
​
 ​
 ​
ice cream butter
 ​
How many burgers did you buy?
1 I got a bad grade on the test because I made a lot 3 4
of mistakes .
2 There’s hardly any butter in the refrigerator.
3 Hurry up! We only have a few minutes
before the bus arrives.
4 There’s a little ice cream in the freezer.
It’s vanilla, I think.
5 There’s a great deal of interest in organic 5 6
food today.

9 Complete the rules with the quantity words in the box.

any a few few little a little a lot of

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
many much no some
 ​
 ​
 ​
a slice of cake
We only use a few, few ,
and many with count nouns. 1 a work of art
1 We only use a little , little , 2 a bottle of water
3 a bowl of soup
Workbook

and much with noncount nouns.

2 We use any , a lot of , no , 4 a cup of hot chocolate
and some with both count and noncount 5 a portion of fries
nouns.

W38
 Grammar
6
Permission and ability: can, 16 Make sentences with the phrases in the

Food for thought

chart, and the correct affirmative and negative forms
could, and be able to p.80 of can, could, and be able to.
13 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
In the 19th century, I travel by plane.
couldn’t walk will be able to drive can speak When I was younger, everyone speak English.
 ​
 ​
 ​
could swim can’t see won’t be able to have
In the past, travel to Mars.
 ​
 ​
my parents
Next year, I will be able to drive a car. These days, live to 150 years.
1 Nobody I know can speak Soon, treat a lot of
Japanese. people
I hope that one day, diseases.
2 My mom could swim very fast
when she was younger. She won a lot of races. In the future, scientists use a computer.
3 My dog can’t see . He’s very
old and blind. In the 19th century, people couldn’t travel
4 My sisters won’t be able to have their own by plane.
bedroom until I go to college.
5 I couldn’t walk until I was 2 years
old.

14 Complete the rules about ability in the past with

could or was / were able to.
I missed the bus, but I was able to get a taxi home last
night.
My grandma could play the piano beautifully.
We use was / were able to to say that someone
17 Complete the dialogues with can, can’t, or could.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
managed to do something on one specific occasion.
We do not use could .
1 We normally use could to talk about general
ability in the past.

15 Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of can,

could, or be able to so that the meaning is similar.
Joe didn’t know how to swim until he was
10 years old.
Joe couldn’t swim until he was 10 years old.
1 I don’t know how to play the guitar.
I can’t play the guitar.
2 I tried, but I didn’t finish my math homework.
A Can / Could I ask a question?
I tried, but I wasn’t able to / couldn’t B Yes, of course you 1 can .
finish my math homework.
3 Will it be possible for you to help me later?
Will you be able to help me later? /
Can you help me later?
4 Was it possible for him to take the exam again?
Was he able to take the exam again?
5 It is impossible for us to climb that cliff.
We can’t climb that cliff.
6 I didn’t know how to ride a bike until I was 9 years old.
I couldn’t / wasn’t able to ride a bike
until I was 9 years old.
A Excuse me. 2 Could / Can I order Breakfast 6, please?
B Oh, I’m afraid you 3 can’t . You 4 can
Workbook

only order from the breakfast menu before 11 o’clock.

A Oh, OK.

Grammar reference pp.W42–W43 W39

 Listening and Speaking
Listening p.81 Speaking p.78

1 114 Exam You will hear someone talking about 3 Match the sentence halves.
snacks. Listen and choose the correct answers, It was the best coffee shop c
a, b, or c.


1 I haven’t had so f
What’s the genre? c


2 That was a

a a science lecture


b a narrative 3 I just had the d


c an informal talk 4 To be honest, I was a b


1 Who’s the audience? b 5 I tried the feijoada, e



a doctors
a the best part.
b teenagers
b little disappointed with it.
c chefs
c I’ve ever been to.
2 What’s the purpose? a d best time ever!

a to advise
e but it was a bit salty.
b to warn
f much fun for ages.
c to entertain
3 The speaker talks about the
4 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box.
effects of snacks on c like best couldn’t glad honest much

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
​
 ​
a the body only. sounds ever time cool

 ​
 ​
 ​
b the mind only.
Laura Did you have fun last weekend?
c the body and the mind.
Ben Yes. I haven’t had so much fun
4 The speaker mentions a lot of b for ages. It’s a pity you weren’t able to

a hot snacks. come. It was the best adventure center
b cold snacks. I’ve 1 ever been to.
c hot and cold snacks. Laura I’m 2 glad you enjoyed it. There’s
5 The speaker b a zip line, isn’t there?
Ben Yes. We all went on it.

a doesn’t mention any drinks.
Laura Really? What was that 3 like ?
b mentions a few drinks. Was it scary?
c mentions a lot of drinks. Ben Yeah, it was pretty scary. But, to be
2 114 Exam Listen again and complete the
4
honest , I was a little disappointed
with it. It only lasted about 30 seconds.
sentences with one or two words, or a number.

SNACKS
That was too short.
Laura Oh, dear! And what else did you do?
Ben I tried quad biking. Take a look at this.
It’s me on a quad bike.
Laura 5 Cool ! What other sports were
there?
Bananas, popcorn, yogurt, and dried fruit can help Ben There were a lot of water sports. I tried kite
maintain your energy levels throughout the day. surfing, but I was hopeless. I 6 couldn’t
do it at all! I tried diving on Sunday.
You’ll be able to concentrate better if you eat healthy
That was the 7 best part. Being
snacks and drink 1 water .
underwater was amazing. I want to take
You don’t have to eat 2 three / 3 times a day – it’s OK a diving course now.
to eat little and often, as long as you’re eating healthily. Laura It 8 sounds like you had a great time.
Three healthy snacks a day between meals can help Ben Yeah! I just had the best 9 time
people who have problems with their 3 blood sugar levels. ever! I’m definitely going again next year.
Laura I hope I’ll be able to go, too.
Snacking on unsalted nuts and 4 seeds can reduce
the risk of heart disease.
To improve your mood, you could try eating dark
chocolate or drinking 5 green tea .
Workbook

W40
 Exam practice
6
1 Exam Read and complete the article with ONE word 3

Food for thought

Choose the correct answer, a, b, or c, to replace
in each blank. the underlined words so that the new sentence has
a similar meaning to the first one. There may be
more than one answer.
Tsukiji Outer Market –
1 There were very few people at the party.
TOKYO, JAPAN a a lot of b hardly any
2 She could read when she was only 4.
c not many
One of our favorite places when
we visited Tokyo last year was a can b is able to c was able to
Tsukiji Outer Market. We went there 3 Can I go to the movies tonight, Mom?
a few times because we liked it so a Could b Am I able to c Will I be
much. It used to be one of the world’s biggest fish and


able to
seafood markets for stores and restaurants. Now it’s
4 There’s only a little time left before it gets dark.
1
a huge area of stalls, stores, and restaurants.
a very few b isn’t much c isn’t any
We loved looking at all the fresh fish, seafood, meat, fruit,
5 There’s a lot of interest in insects as a food source
and vegetables, and it made us hungry every time! We
these days.
went to an awesome restaurant near the market, and had
sashimi (that’s fish that’s 2 raw , not cooked). a a great deal of b much c many
The dishes were beautifully prepared. Some of them
looked like works of 3 art ! Unfortunately, we
4 115 Exam Listen to five conversations. Then

couldn’t choose the correct answers.

4
afford to eat in restaurants every day, but
there was some amazing street food at the market. You will hear a boy telling a friend about a cooking
class he has taken. What did he find disappointing?
As well as food, there are also a 5 lot of places
at the market where you can buy things for cooking and a the vegetarian dishes
eating, like knives and plates. I’d been looking for a gift b the cake recipes
to take home to my family, so I was really pleased when c his ice cream
I 6 managed to find some beautiful Japanese bowls 1 You will hear a man interviewing a woman about
that weren’t too expensive. food. The woman found it difficult to give up
Tokyo’s an amazing city and the market is a fantastic a meat.
place to explore. I really hope I’ll be 7 able to go b cheese.
there again one day. c beans and lentils.
2 You will hear a boy and girl talking about a music
2 Choose the correct answers, a, b, c, or d. festival. The girl didn’t go to the festival because

This meat isn’t c . I’m not buying it. a she couldn’t get a ticket.

a raw b bland c fresh d spicy b her mom wouldn’t let her.

c she can’t drive.
1 Don’t use a lot of oil when you b the chicken.
3 You will hear two girls talking about a new
a pour b fry c boil d pour
restaurant they have been to. What did they like
2 Those vegetables are too big. You need to a them best about it?
into small pieces.
a It served spicy food.
a chop b add c mix d beat
b There were no fries on the menu.
3 It’s a good idea to spend d minutes reading all the c The food was very fresh.
test questions before you start.
4 You will hear a girl telling a friend about her
a a lot of b many c few d a few trip to China. How good was her Mandarin
4 There’s very c light in here. I can’t read the sign. before she went?
a a little b much c little d less a She couldn’t say very much.
5 I’m afraid, we have b time than usual today. b She could understand people, but she

I have to leave early. couldn’t speak.
a a little b less c fewer d a few c She could only read.
6 Good news! Mom says I c go to the festival 5 Exam Your English teacher has asked you to write
next weekend. a story. Your story must begin with this sentence.
a could b able to c can d can’t Marcia could smell onions cooking as she approached
Workbook

7 “ a contact Belinda last night?” “I’m afraid not.” the house, and she could hear the sound of laughter.
a Were you able to b Could Write your story. Write about 100 words.
c Can d Are you able to

Practice kit W41

 a r r e f e r e n c e
Gramm
Count and noncount nouns p.77 5 Some quantity words can only be used with count
nouns; others can only be used with noncount nouns,
1 Count nouns are the names of things that we can while some can be used with both.
count. They have both singular and plural forms.
▸ with count nouns: (many, few, a few, fewer).
This cookie is delicious.
We often use the modifiers only and quite with
These cookies are delicious.


a few, and very with few.
▸ We can use numbers with count nouns. How many burgers did you buy?
one apple ➞ two apples There aren’t many students here today.
one woman ➞ three women We had quite a few new customers last night.
▸ We can use definite (the) and indefinite (a / an) Very few chefs can make perfect sushi.
articles with count nouns. There are fewer tourists this year.
an idea – the idea – the ideas
▸ with noncount nouns: (much, little, a little, less,


I want to buy a cake. a great deal of).
Is this the cake you want to buy? How much money do you have?
No, I prefer the cakes over there. We don’t have much time.
▸ Some count nouns are seen more as a mass than a There’s a little coffee left.
collection of separate items, and are usually used in There was (very) little interest in the topic.
plural form.
There’s less sugar in this brand of sauce.
bean(s), lentil(s), spice(s)
▸ few and a few; little and a little
2

Noncount nouns are the names of things we cannot few people = not many people
count (materials, liquids, collections, abstract ideas, a few people = several people
and other things that we do not consider as separate
little time = not much time
objects). They have no plural form.
a little time = a small amount of time
Tea is my favorite drink.
▸ Using only changes the meaning of a few and a
This soup is very bland.
little.
▸ We cannot use numbers or a / an with noncount
There are only a few students. (= not many at all)
nouns.
I only have a little time. (= not much at all)
water (NOT a water, two waters)
▸ Using quite changes the meaning of a few.
▸ We can use the definite article with noncount
nouns when we refer to something in particular. There are quite a few people here today. (= a lot of)
The weather is terrible today. ▸ with both count and noncount nouns: (some, any,

hardly any, a lot of, more, most, no, none, all, (not)
I like the food in this restaurant.
enough).
3 Abstract nouns are noncount (e.g., advice, art, beauty, I’d like some water / cookies, please.
culture, help, humor, hunger, laughter).
He doesn’t have a lot of experience / clothes.
▸ When abstract nouns are used in general, we do
not use a definite article.
Quantity collocations p.77
Laughter is good for you.
We can use “partitives” or noun collocations with of
Knowledge is power.
to count noncount nouns.
▸ We use a definite article with an abstract noun
a + noun + of + noncount noun
when we refer to something specific.
bread ➞ a slice of bread
I found the information I needed online.
coffee ➞ a cup of coffee
4 Some nouns, especially abstract nouns, can be both The following phrases are commonly used to form
count and noncount, but they have different meanings. partitives: a bowl of, a bottle of, a piece of, a slice of,
I don’t have time to chat now. a pinch of, a portion of, a cup of, a glass of, an item of.
Workbook

We had a great time at the party. Sometimes the partitive can be omitted.
Glass is used to make bottles. I’d like a coffee, please. (= a cup of coffee)
Can I have a bigger glass?

W42
 6
Permission and ability: can, 3 We use be able to, not could, to talk about ability on

Food for thought

a specific occasion in the past. It has a similar
could, and be able to p.80 meaning to managed to.
1 We use modal verbs can / can’t and could / couldn’t to I was able to book a table by the window.
talk about ability. (= I managed to book a table by the window.)
▸ We use the modal verb can / can’t to talk about NOT I could book a table by the window.
general abilities in the present. However, we can use couldn’t and not be able to for
He can speak several languages. both general ability and ability on a specific occasion.
Can you dance the tango? The box was so heavy I couldn’t lift it.
▸ We use the modal verb could / couldn’t to talk The box was so heavy I wasn’t able to lift it.
about general abilities in the past.
4 We use the modal verbs can and could to talk about
When I was a teenager, I could run very fast. permission.
She couldn’t read until she was 8.
▸ We use can to ask for and give permission.
Could you ride a bike when you were 6?
Can I open the window?
2 We can use (not) be able to + infinitive to talk You can go to the movies.
about ability in any tense. However, in the present ▸ We use can’t to refuse permission.
and future, can usually sounds more natural than
You can’t stay out late tonight.
be able to.
▸ We can also use could to ask for permission. It is
Some people can hold their breath for a long time, but
more polite than can.
I’ve never been able to hold my breath for more than
a minute. Could we talk about this later, please?

She has been able to swim since she was 5. 5 We use could / couldn’t to talk about permission
I’ll be able to take my driving test next year. in the past.
I couldn’t / could stay out late when I was 14.

Word list
Review the vocabulary. Write your own study notes or translation for each word.

Describing food Quantity collocations Speaking

bland (adj) a bottle of water Affirmative comments


crispy (adj) a bowl of soup It was the best (festival) I’ve ever been


fresh (adj) a cup of coffee to.



raw (adj) a glass of water I haven’t had so much fun for ages!


salty (adj) a majority of people



spicy (adj) The last band was so good!



sweet (adj) a piece of plastic / advice



tough (adj) That was the best part.



a pinch of salt

Preparing food

a portion of fries I just had the best time ever!


add (v)



bake (v) a slice of cake Negative comments


boil (v) a work of art To be honest, I was a little

disappointed with (it).

chop (v)


decorate (v) Check it out

They were awful.

fry (v) clay (adj)

I tried (sushi), but it was a bit (bland).


Workbook

mix (v) faraway (adj)



pour (v) shipwreck (n)



serve (v)

W43
3 Shutterstock Editorial (Roger Bamber).
Illustrations by: Fatima Anaya/Bright p24, 26, 51, 64, 102; Joanna Kerr/
Meiklejohn p 72, 86 (ex 3), 90; Bethany Lord/Advocate p12 (ex 1), 38, 40, 76;
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom
Ma Pe/Advocate p29, 46, 50, 58.
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
Commissioned photos by: Will Amlot p10, 11, 22, 23, 36, 37, 48, 49, 62, 63, 74,
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
75, 88, 89, 100 & 101.
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade
mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Video stills: Oxford University Press.
Illustrations by: Fátima Anaya (Bright Agency); Joanna Kerr (Meiklejohn
© Oxford University Press 2024
Illustration); Bethany Lord (Advocate Art)
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
The Publishers would like to thank the following for their kind permission to
First published in 2024 reproduce photographs and other copyright material:
2028 2027 2026 2025 2024
Alamy (Album, FlixPix, John Zada, Roussel Photography, Sipa US, Szabolcs
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Magyar, Zoonar GmbH); Getty Images (FG Trade Latin, John Henley,
No unauthorized photocopying PhotoAlto/Odilon Dimier, SolStock, WWD / Contributor); Shutterstock (Aerial-
motion, AJP, Akira Kaelyn, Anatolir, Andy Dean Photography, Asier Romero,
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
Christin Klose, DaryaKi, David Herraez Calzada, doublelee, DronG, EF Stock,
in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without
Ermolaev Alexander, fizkes, Garumna, Ground Picture, Islandjems - Jemma
the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly
Craig, Jim Ruymen/UPI/Shutterstock, jiratto, JP PhotoBCN, Kijung Yoon,
permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate
Krakenimages.com, LightField Studios, milatas, New Africa, paulaphoto,
reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction
PavelKant, PeopleImages.com - Yuri A, Petr Kahanek, phBodrova, Sergii
outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department,
Figurnyi, stockfour, superjoseph, Tatjana Baibakova, ventdusud, Zurijeta).
Oxford University Press, at the address above
You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose
this same condition on any acquirer
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for
information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials
contained in any third party website referenced in this work
ISBN: 978 0 19 409344 6 Link It 2e 5 Student Book Workbook with

Online Practice Pack
ISBN: 978 0 19 409342 2 Link It 2e 5 Student Book Workbook with

Online Practice
ISBN: 978 0 19 409252 4 Link It 2e 5 Student Online Practice

ISBN: 978 0 19 409296 8 Link It 2e 5 Student Online Assessment

Printed in China
This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The publisher would like to thank the following for their permission to reproduce
photographs: 123RF (Monkey Business Images); Alamy (MBI, Ariadne Van
Zandbergen, Genevieve Vallee, Classic Image); Getty Images (PATSTOCK,
Catherine Lane, Vesnaandjic, Ben Pipe Photography, Claudia Totir, Max
Oppenheim, Drazen Lovric, Westend61, John Eder, Ulrike Schmitt-Hartmann,
SDI Productions, Matteo Colombo, Mayur Kakade, Tatsiana Volkava,
Tim Kitchen, izusek, Klaus Vedfelt, Gareth Brown, Stígur Már Karlsson/
Heimsmyndir, Zinkevych, JuYochi, Barry Winiker, SolStock, We-Ge, GaudiLab,
Tony Anderson, Yellow Dog Productions, Maskot, Goodboy Picture Company,
Sladic, AzmanJaka, BananaStock, Sylvain Lefevre, Bettmann, Klaus Vedfelt,
David Becker, VCG, Goddard Photography, Jann Huizenga, Raimund Linke);
Oxford University Press (Mark Bassett); Shutterstock (Ground Picture,
Artazum, Darren Baker, B Brown, allstars, New Africa, Pixel-Shot, AYO
Production, El Nariz, Lano4ka, MalikNalik, 4 PM production, PeopleImages/
Yuri A, Lukas Gojda, Monkey Business Images, Hlemeida Ivan, Karkas, Elnur,
Rozhnovskaya Tanya, Dzha33, NYS, PhotoNAN, LightField Studios, Nadino,
pixelheadphoto/digitalskillet, wavebreakmediam, Djomas, Boonchuay1970,
Joe Gough, jurasy, Africa Studio, Edyta Pawlowska, johnfoto18, Valentina
Razumova, Tatiana Popova, Dani Vincek, Nattika, Tim UR, zcw, Microgen,
Mike shots, Sergey Novikov, HP, Valerii Solodkyi, Dean Drobot, Delpixel,
Sean Pavone, Dan Breckwoldt, saiko3p, ESB Professional, atiger, Zhao jian
kang, AJP, James Hampshire, Thao Lan, senturkserkan, robertonencini,
Rudmer Zwerver, Ostanina Anna, Jaromir Chalabala, GoodStudio, fizkes,
Lisitsa, Andrea Izzotti, Mazur Travel, Onyx9, Ollyy, Maridav, Daisy Daisy,
Marina Grinchuk, Pavel Sivak, Branislav Nenin, Mix and Match Studio,
William Perugini, NicoElNino, gowithstock, GTS Productions, JBKC, Tatiana
Gordievskaia, Benny Marty, SASHA, TORWAISTUDIO, Anna Frajtova, insta
photos, UfaBizPhoto, antoniodiaz, KOTOIMAGES, Jacob Lund, Dauren
Abildaev, SIHASAKPRACHUM, UKRID, TMP/An Instant of Time, RgStudio,
NickJulia, Motortion Films, Olga, Visual Generation, Mikhael Sarkisov,
aslysun, studioZEVS, jeka84, Mega Pixel, Ambient Ideas, Nelli Kovalchuk,
milatas, shutter o, mentalmind, Amverlly, DAPHOTORUSSIA, karen
roach, Peter Gudella, Shawn, PredragLasica, PR Image Factory, s oleg,
pisaphotography, Jessica Kirsh, Ritu Manoj Jethani, pio3, Xackery Irving,
Atiwat Witthayanurut, Ralf Liebhold, Vova Shevchuk, ESB Professional,
Vladimir Selivonchik, Levi-a-GEP, kamellys, Halfpoint, Elena Veselova,
KANGIITALY, Foodio, Ekaterina Romanova, edel, antoniodiaz, TarasM,
Bobkov Evgeniy, umaruchan4678, Brent Hofacker, Primestock Photography,
adolfo david teran teller, Palasakhon Techanilobon, Image bug, BearFotos,
Julie Nicholas, Nadia Snopek, tetxu, AirFlow1, ronstik, Marianna Ianovska,
Eugene Edge, F01 PHOTO, Alena Ozerova, Valentine, Studio G, Dmitry
Kalinovsky, Leonid Ikan, Jeffrey J Coleman, M101Studio, Ronnie Chua,
ShengYing Lin, MIKHAIL GRACHIKOV, Ververidis Vasilis, Fer Gregory, JCDH,
MchlSkhrv, metamorworks, ESB Professional, Gengis90, kuruneko, Vadim N);