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Conditionals

The document presents an overview of conditional sentences in English, categorizing them into five types: zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. Each type is explained with its structure and examples, illustrating how they express different conditions and results. The document emphasizes the grammatical rules and variations in usage for each conditional type.

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8 views

Conditionals

The document presents an overview of conditional sentences in English, categorizing them into five types: zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. Each type is explained with its structure and examples, illustrating how they express different conditions and results. The document emphasizes the grammatical rules and variations in usage for each conditional type.

Uploaded by

sleepymax13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.

Grammar Presentation
CONDITIONALS
Basic Types:
Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause tells you the condition (If
you study hard) and the main clause tells you the result (you will pass your exams). The order of
the clauses does not change the meaning.

If you study hard, you will pass your exams.


You will pass your exams if you study hard.

Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.

1. Zero conditional

We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws and
rules.

If I drink too much coffee, I can't sleep at night.


Ice melts if you heat it.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.

The structure is: if=when + present simple >> present simple.


2. First conditional

We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or
possible.

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.


Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
When I finish work, I'll call you.

In first conditional sentences, the structure is usually: if/when + present simple >>
will + bare infinitive.
It is also common to use this structure with unless(=if not), as long as, as soon as or in case
instead of if.

I'll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.


I don't want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
I'll give you a key in case I'm not at home.
You can go to the party, as long as you're back by midnight.

3. Second conditional

The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are impossible or
unlikely in reality.

If we had a garden, we could have a cat.


If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
I wouldn't worry if I were you.

The structure is usually: if + past simple >> + would + bare infinitive.


When if is followed by the verb be, it is grammatically correct to say if I were, if he were, if she
were and if it were. However, it is also common to hear these structures with was, especially in
the he/she form.

If I were you, I wouldn't mention it.


If she was prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.
He would travel more if he was younger.

4. Third conditional

The third conditional is used to imagine a different past. We imagine a change in a past
situation and the different result of that change.

If I had understood the instructions properly, I would have passed the exam.
We wouldn't have got lost if my phone hadn't run out of battery.

In third conditional sentences, the structure is usually: If + past perfect >> would
have + past participle.

5. Mixed conditionals

We can use mixed conditionals when we imagine a past change with a result in the present or
a present change with a result in the past.

a. Past/Present

Here's a sentence imagining how a change in a past situation would have a result in the present.
If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner.

So the structure is: If + past perfect >> would + infinitive.

b. Present/Past

Here's a sentence imagining how a different situation in the present would mean that the past
was different as well.

It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday.

And the structure is: If + past simple >> would have + past participle.

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