C++ Programming

Ninevah University
College of Electronics Engineering
Department of Electronic Engineering
Medical Instrumentation

2nd Year
2024 – 2025

Lecturer
Prof Dr. Qais Thanon

Lecture #6 and #7

All the lectures of this course will upload at the

Google classroom

11/9/2024
 C + + N E S T E D L O O P S

A loop can be nested inside of another loop. C++ allows at least 256
levels of nesting
Syntax:
The syntax for a nested for loop statement in C++ is as follows:

for ( init; condition; update )

{
for (init; condition; update )
{
statement(s);
}
statement(s); // you can put more
}

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Example:
What do you think the output of the following program would be

#include <iostream.h>
void main (){
@ @ @
int R = 5, C = 3, i, j;
@ @ @
for(i=0; i < R; i++) { @ @ @
for(j=0; j < C; j++){ @ @ @
@ @ @
cout << “@”<<“\t”;
}
cout << “\n”;}
}
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Example:
What do you think the output of the following program would be

#include <iostream.h>
void main (){
int R = 5, C = 3, i, j, z=0; 0 1 2
3 4 5
for(i=0; i < R; i++) {
6 7 8
for(j=0; j < C; j++){ 9 10 11
cout << z++ <<“\t”; 12 13 14
}
cout << “\n”;}
}
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 C + + N E S T E D L O O P S

Syntax:
The syntax for a nested while loop statement in C++ is as follows:

init1;
while (condition1)
{
init2;
while (condition2)
{
statement(s);
update2;
}
update1;
statement(s); // you can put more
}

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 Example: Write a program to print half pyramid of numbers as
shown :

#include<iostream.h>
void main(){
1
int N, M, Z=1;
for (N=1;N<=5; N++){ 2 3
4 5 6
for (M=1; M <= N; M++) 7 8 9 10
{
11 12 13 14 15
cout << Z++ << “ “;
}
cout << “\n”;
}
}

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 Example: Write a program to print half pyramid of numbers as
shown using while statement:

#include<iostream.h>
void main(){
100
int N=100, M;
while (N<=500){ 100 200
M = 100; 100 200 300
while (M <= N) 100 200 300 400
{
100 200 300 400 500
cout << M << “ “;
M+=100;
}
cout << “\n”;
N+=100;
}
}

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 Example: Write a program to print the main diagonal of 5x5
array:

#include<iostream.h>
void main(){
int N, M, Z=1; 11
for (N=1;N<=5; N++){ 22
33
for (M=1; M <= 5; M++) {
44
if (N==M) cout << N<< M<< “\t“;
} 55
cout << “\n”;
}
}

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 C + + N E S T E D L O O P S

Syntax:
The syntax for a nested do-while loop statement in C++ is as follows:

init1;
do{
init2;
do{
statement(s);
update2;
} while (condition2);
update1;
statement(s);

} while (condition1);

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Example: Write program to print half pyramid of numbers as shown :

#include<iostream.h>
void main(){
int N = 1, M, K;
do{
M = 1;
do{
cout << “ “;
M++;
} while (M <= 5-N);
K = 1;
do{
cout << N;
K++;
} while (K <= N);
N++;
} while (N <= 5);
} 10
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 Write a program in C++ to print the Floyd's Triangle
0
#include <iostream.h> 1 0
0 1 0
void main (){
1 0 1 0
int R = 5, C = 5, i, j, z = 0; 0 1 0 1 0
for(i=0; i < R; i++) {
i j
for(j=0; j < C; j++){
C
cout << z <<“\t”; 00 01 02 03 04
10 11 12 13 14
z = !z;
R 20 21 22 23 24
}
30 31 32 33 34
cout << “\n”;} 40 41 42 43 44
}
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 One diamention ARRAY

Rules for Declaring One Dimensional Array

 An array variable must be declared before being used in a program.
 The declaration must have a data type(int, float, char, double, etc.),
variable name, and subscript.
 The subscript represents the size of the array. ...
 An array index always starts from 0.

int c[ 5 ];

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 Example: Write a C++ Program to define one dimension array with 5
integer elements and print them?
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
int a[5], i;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter any 5 num in array: \n";

for(i=0;i<5;i++){ Loop for array elements

cin>>a[i]; reading
}

for(i=0;i<5;i++) { Loop for array elements

cout << a[i] << “\t”; printing
}
getch();
} 13
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Example: Write a C++ Program to find the average of even numbers in one
dimension N elements array?

(sum *1.0/E_N);

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 Example: Write a C++ Program to find the max. even number in one
dimension array?
111
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
int i , a[5], max;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter any 5 num in array: \n";
for(i=0;i<5;i++) cin>>a[i];
max = a[0];
for(i=1;i<5;i++) {
if(a[i]%2 ==0 && a[i]>max ) max = a[i];
}
cout<<"\n The max number is:“<< max;
getch();
}

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 Example: Write a C++ Program to find the max. number and its
position in one dimension array?
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
int i , a[5], max, ind;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter any 5 num in array: \n";
for(i=0;i<5;i++) cin>>a[i];
max = a[0]; ind=0;
for(i=1;i<5;i++) {
if(a[i]>max) { max = a[i]; ind=i;}
}

cout << max <<“\t”<< ind;

getch();
}

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 Example: Write a C++ Program to find the max. number and min
number and swap there positions in one dimension array?
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(){
int i , a[5], max, min, ind1, ind2;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter any 5 num in array: \n";
for(i=0;i<5;i++) cin>>a[i];
max = a[0]; ind1=0;
min = a[0]; ind2=0
for(i=1;i<5;i++) {
if(a[i]>max) { max = a[i]; ind1=i;}
if(a[i]<min) { min = a[i]; ind2=i;}
}
a[ind2] = max; a[ind1]=min;
for(i=0;i<5;i++) cin>>a[i];
getch();
} 17
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