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EEN11

The document provides an overview of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which are microprocessor-based controllers used for automating industrial processes by executing stored programs. It details the basic components of a PLC system, including input and output modules, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and programming devices, as well as the advantages of using PLCs over traditional hard-wired control systems. Key benefits include smaller size, ease of modification, integrated diagnostics, and cost-effectiveness in application duplication.

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15 views

EEN11

The document provides an overview of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which are microprocessor-based controllers used for automating industrial processes by executing stored programs. It details the basic components of a PLC system, including input and output modules, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and programming devices, as well as the advantages of using PLCs over traditional hard-wired control systems. Key benefits include smaller size, ease of modification, integrated diagnostics, and cost-effectiveness in application duplication.

Uploaded by

trinidadkateangel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEN 11 – INDUSTRIAL

ELECTRONICS
BSEE III

ENGR. JOEL ANTHONY L. SEVILLA


JANUARY 2025
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
A special form of microprocessor‐based
controller that uses a programmable memory
to store instructions and to implement
functions such as logic, sequencing, timing,
counting and arithmetic in order to control
machines and processes. It is developed to
offer the same functionality as the existing
relay logic systems. Either automated data
collection points and human input points, such
as buttons and switches, provide data to a PLC.
A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), is also
referred to as programmable controller, is the
name given to a type of computer commonly
used in commercial and industrial control
applications.
PLCs differ from office computers in the types
of tasks that they perform and the hardware
and software they require to perform these
tasks.
PLC Examples and Control Panel
While the specific applications vary widely, all
PLCs monitor inputs and other variable values,
make decisions based on a stored program, and
control outputs to automate a process or
machine.
Basic PLC Operation
The basic elements of a PLC include input
modules or points, a Central Processing Unit
(CPU), output modules or points, and
a programming device.
The type of input modules or points used by a
PLC depend upon the types of input devices
used. Some input modules or points respond to
digital inputs, also called discrete inputs, which
are either on or off.
Other modules or inputs respond to analog
signals. These analog signals represent machine
or process conditions as a range of voltage or
current values.
The primary function of a PLC’s input circuitry is
to convert the signals provided by these various
switches and sensors into logic signals that can
be used by the CPU.
The CPU evaluates the status of inputs, outputs,
and other variables as it executes a stored
program. The CPU then sends signals to update
the status of outputs.
The programming device is used to enter or
change the PLC’s program or to monitor or
change stored values. Once entered, the
program and associated variables are stored in
the CPU.
In addition to these basic elements, a PLC
system may also incorporate an operator
interface device of some sort to simplify
monitoring of the machine or process.
Output modules convert control signals from
the CPU into digital or analog values that can be
used to control various output devices.
Basic PLC System
PLC SYSTEM/HARDWARE
1. The processor unit or Central Processing
Unit (CPU) is the unit containing the
microprocessor and this interprets the input
signals and carries out the control actions.
2. The power supply unit is needed to convert
the mains AC voltage to the low DC voltage
(5V) .
3. The programming device is used to enter
the required program into the memory of the
processor.
PLC Handheld Programming Devices
4. The memory unit is where the program is
stored that is to be used for the control
actions to be exercised by the microprocessor
and data stored from the input for processing
and for the output for outputting.
5. The input and output sections are where
the processor receives information from
external devices and communicates
information to external devices.
6. The communications interface is used to
receive and transmit data on communication
networks from or to other remote PLCs.
Advantages of PLC
PLCs not only are capable of performing the
same tasks as hard‐wired control, but are also
capable of many more complex applications. In
addition, the PLC program and electronic
communication lines replace much of the
interconnecting wires required by hard‐wired
control.
Additional Advantages of PLCs
1. Smaller physical size than hard wire solutions
2. Easier & faster to make changes
3. PLCs have integrated diagnostics and override
functions
4. Diagnostics are centrally available
5. Applications can be immediately documented
6. Applications can be duplicated faster and less
expensively.

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