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Introduction to Computers
and Python 1
Objectives
In this chapter you’ll:
■ Learn about exciting recent
developments in computing.
■ Learn computer hardware,
software and Internet basics.
■ Understand the data hierarchy
from bits to databases.
■ Understand the different types
of programming languages.
■ Understand object-oriented
programming basics.
■ Understand the strengths of
Python and other leading
programming languages.
■ Understand the importance of
libraries.
■ Be introduced to key Python
and data-science libraries
you’ll use in this book.
■ Test-drive the IPython
interpreter’s interactive mode
for executing Python code.
■ Execute a Python script that
animates a bar chart.
■ Create and test-drive a web-
browser-based Jupyter
Notebook for executing
Python code.
PyCDS_01_Intro.fm Page 2 Tuesday, May 21, 2019 11:07 AM

■ Learn how big “big data” is

and how quickly it’s getting
even bigger.
■ Read a big-data case study on
a mobile navigation app.
■ Be introduced to artificial
intelligence—at the
intersection of computer
science and data science.
PyCDS_01_Intro.fm Page 3 Tuesday, May 21, 2019 11:07 AM

2 Introduction to Computers and Python

Note: Throughout the Instructor Solutions Manual, solutions are not provided for project,
research and challenge exercises—many of which are substantial and appropriate for term
projects, directed-study projects, capstone-course projects and thesis topics. Before assign-
ing a particular exercise for homework, instructors should check the IRC to be sure the
solution is available. These Instructor Solutions Manual PDFs contain only answers to
short-answer exercises and any discussion questions asked in other exercises. Code cor-
responding to programming exercises can be found in the solutions folder’s chapter-spe-
cific subfolder—e.g., ch01 for Chapter1, ch02 for Chapter 2, etc. Code generally is
provided both in Python source-code files (.py) and Jupyter Notebooks (.ipynb).

Exercises
1.1 (IPython Session) Using the techniques you learned in Section 1.10.1, execute the
following expressions. Which, if any, produce a runtime error?
a) 10 / 3
b) 10 // 3
c) 10 / 0
d) 10 // 0
e) 0 / 10
f) 0 // 10
Answer: (c) and (d) produce ZeroDivisionErrors because division-by-zero is not
allowed in Python.
1.2 (IPython Session) Using the techniques you learned in Section 1.10.1, execute the
following expressions. Which, if any, produce a runtime error?
a) 10 / 3 + 7
b) 10 // 3 + 7
c) 10 / (3 + 7)
d) 10 / 3 - 3
e) 10 / (3 - 3)
f) 10 // (3 - 3)
Answer: (e) and (f) produce ZeroDivisionErrors because division-by-zero is not
allowed in Python.
1.3 (Creating a Jupyter Notebook) Using the techniques you learned in Section 1.10.3,
create a Jupyter Notebook containing cells for the previous exercise’s expressions and exe-
cute those expressions.
Answer: Open the file ex03_03.ipynb in Jupyter.
1.4 (Computer Organization) Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) The logical unit that receives information from outside the computer for use by
the computer is the .
Answer: The input unit.
b) is a logical unit that sends information which has already been processed
by the computer to various devices so that it may be used outside the computer.
Answer: The output unit.
c) and are logical units of the computer that retain information.
Answer: The memory unit, the secondary storage unit.
PyCDS_01_Intro.fm Page 4 Tuesday, May 21, 2019 11:07 AM

Exercises 3

d) is a logical unit of the computer that performs calculations.

Answer: The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).
e) is a logical unit of the computer that makes logical decisions.
Answer: The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).
f) is a logical unit of the computer that coordinates the activities of all
the other logical units.
Answer: The central processing unit (CPU).
1.5 (Clock as an Object) Clocks are among the world’s most common objects. Discuss
how each of the following terms and concepts applies to the notion of a clock: class, object,
instantiation, instance variable, reuse, method, inheritance (consider, for example, an
alarm clock), superclass, subclass.
Answer: Class—A class Clock would define the instance variables and methods
that represent a clock’s data and functionality. A clock’s instance variables (at-
tributes) might store the clock’s time, style (digital or analog), etc. The behav-
iors of the clock include setting the time and getting the time.

Object/Instantiation—You’d create an object of class Clock (known as instan-

tiation) to represent a clock in software. The entire clock is an object that is
composed of many other objects (such as the moving parts, the face, etc.).

Reuse—You can reuse class Clock to create as many clock object’s as you need.

Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass—There are specific types of clocks (such as

an alarm clock or a watch). With that in mind, it is possible that other classes,
such as Watch and AlarmClock, could inherit the features in class Clock. In this
case, Clock would be the superclass (also called the base class) and Watch and
AlarmClock would be the subclasses (also called derived classes). Using class
Clock as a superclass is another form of reuse.
1.6 (Gender Neutrality) Write down the steps of a manual procedure for processing a
paragraph of text and replacing gender-specific words with gender-neutral ones. Assuming
that you’ve been given a list of gender-specific words and their gender-neutral replace-
ments (for example, replace “wife” or “husband” with “spouse,” replace “man” or “wom-
an” with “person,” replace “daughter” or “son” with “child,” and so on), explain the
procedure you’d use to read through a paragraph of text and manually perform these re-
placements. How might your procedure generate a strange term like “woperchild” and
how might you modify your procedure to avoid this possibility? In Chapter 3, you’ll learn
that a more formal computing term for “procedure” is “algorithm,” and that an algorithm
specifies the steps to be performed and the order in which to perform them.
Answer: Search through the entire paragraph for a word such as “wife” and replace
every occurrence with “spouse.” Repeat this searching process for every gender
specific word in the list. You could accidentally get a word like “woperchild” if
you are not careful about how you perform replacements. For example, the
word “man” can be part of a larger word, like “woman.” So, replacing every oc-
currence of “man” can yield strange results. Consider the process of replacing
“man” with “person” then replacing “son” with “child.” If you encounter the
PyCDS_01_Intro.fm Page 5 Tuesday, May 21, 2019 11:07 AM

4 Introduction to Computers and Python

word “woman,” which contains the word “man,” you’d replace “man” with
“person” resulting in the word “woperson.” In a subsequent pass you’d encoun-
ter “woperson” and replace “son” with “child” resulting in the “woperchild.”
Other documents randomly have
different content
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