NAME: EBRAHIM MAGDI MANSOOR ABDULLAH

STUDENT NO: 210207357

DATE: 08/03/2023

COURSE CODE: EEE214

PROBLEM 1:
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥1 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑥1 (𝑡) = 5 + 2𝑡 + 3𝑡 2

𝑦1 (𝑡) = 3𝑥1 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑦1 (𝑡) = 15 + 6𝑡 + 9𝑡 2

𝑥2 (𝑡) = 𝑦1 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑥2 (𝑡) = 15 + 6𝑡 + 9𝑡 2

𝑑
𝑦2 (𝑡) = 2 𝑥 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑦2 (𝑡) = 2(6 + 18𝑡) = 12 + 36𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑦2 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑦(𝑡) = 12 + 36𝑡

PROBLEM 2:
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥1 (𝑡) = 𝑥2 (𝑡) ➔ 5 + 2𝑡 + 3𝑡 2

𝑦1 (𝑡) = 3𝑥1 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑦1 (𝑡) = 15 + 6𝑡 + 9𝑡 2

𝑑
𝑦2 (𝑡) = 2 𝑥 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑦2 (𝑡) = 2(2 + 6𝑡) = 4 + 12𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑦1 (𝑡) + 𝑦2 (𝑡) ➔ 𝑦(𝑡) = (15 + 6𝑡 + 9𝑡 2 ) + (4 + 12𝑡)

𝑦(𝑡) = 19 + 18𝑡 + 9𝑡 2

PROBLEM 3:
a): IS PERIODOC
1
The period of sin (2𝜋𝑡) is 𝑇1 = 2𝜋, which is the amount of time it takes for the function to
complete one full cycle.
5𝜋𝑡 14𝜋 5πt
sin ( 7
) completes one full cycle every time t increases by 5
. So, the period of sin( 7
) is
14π
T2 = 5 .

5𝜋𝑡
Since T1, T2 is not rational, we cannot determine the period of 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑡) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 7
) using
the ratio of the periods.
b): IS PERIODIC
The fundamental period of sin(2𝑡) is T1 = π.
The fundamental period of sin(5𝜋𝑡/7) is T2 = (2π)/(5𝜋/7) = (14/5)π.
we need to find the smallest value of T such that:
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝜋𝑡/7) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2(𝑡 + 𝑇)) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝜋(𝑡 + 𝑇)/7) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡

𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑇) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑇) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝜋𝑡/7)𝑐𝑜𝑠(5𝜋𝑇/7) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(5𝜋𝑡/7)𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝜋𝑇/7)

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑇) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑇) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝜋𝑡/7)𝑐𝑜𝑠(5𝜋𝑇/7) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(5𝜋𝑡/7)𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝜋𝑇/7)

Therefore, the fundamental period of the sum sin(2𝑡) + sin(5𝜋𝑡/7) is the smallest value of T
that satisfies both of these conditions, which is T = (7/5)π.
Hence, the signal is periodic with a fundamental period of (7/5)π.

c): IS NOT PERIODIC

sin(7𝜋(𝑛+T)/64) = sin(7𝜋𝑛/64 + 7𝜋T/64)
sin(7𝜋(𝑛+T)/64) = sin(7𝜋𝑛/64 + 7𝜋T/64) = sin(7𝜋𝑛/64)cos(7𝜋T/64) +
cos(7𝜋𝑛/64)sin(7𝜋T/64)
From trigonometry, we know that the only values of T that satisfy these equations are T =
64/2𝜋, 128/2𝜋, 192/2𝜋, etc.
However, these values are not integers, which means that sin(7𝜋(𝑛+T)/64) cannot be equal
to sin(7𝜋𝑛/64) for all integers n, and therefore sin(7𝜋𝑛/64) is not periodic.

d): IS NOT PERIODIC

sin(5(𝑛+T)/64) = sin(5𝑛/64 + 5𝑇/64)
sin(5(𝑛+T)/64) = sin(5𝑛/64 + 5𝑇/64) = sin(5𝑛/64)cos(5𝑇/64) + cos(5𝑛/64)sin(5𝑇/64)
From trigonometry, we know that the only values of T that satisfy these equations are T =
64/5, 128/5, 192/5, etc.
Since T is not an integer, sin(5(𝑛+T)/64) cannot be equal to sin(5𝑛/64) for all integers n,
and therefore sin(5𝑛/64) is not periodic.

e): IS NOT PERIODIC

sin(7𝜋(𝑛+T)/64) + sin(5(𝑛+T)/64) = sin(7𝜋𝑛/64 + 7𝜋𝑇/64) + sin(5𝑛/64 + 5𝑇/64)
sin(7𝜋(𝑛+T)/64) + sin(5(𝑛+T)/64) = sin(7𝜋𝑛/64)cos(7𝜋𝑇/64) +
cos(7𝜋𝑛/64)sin(7𝜋𝑇/64) + sin(5𝑛/64)cos(5𝑇/64) + cos(5𝑛/64)sin(5𝑇/64)
This is only possible if cos(7𝜋𝑇/64) = cos(5𝑇/64) = 0 and sin(7𝜋𝑇/64) = sin(5𝑇/64) = 1
for some value of T.
From trigonometry, we know that the only values of T that satisfy these equations are T =
64/7, 128/7, 192/7, etc.
Since T is not an integer, sin(7𝜋(𝑛+T)/64) + sin(5(𝑛+T)/64) cannot be equal to
sin(7𝜋𝑛/64) + sin(5𝑛/64) for all integers n, and therefore sin(7𝜋𝑛/64) + sin(5𝑛/64) is not
periodic.

PROBLEM 4:
a):
Real part ➔ (4+2j) - (2+3j) = 4 - 2 + j2 - j3 = 2 – j
Imaginary part ➔ (4+2j) - (2+3j) = 2j - 3j = -j
Therefore, (4+2j) - (2+3j) simplifies to the complex number ➔ 2 - j - j = 2 - 2j
So, the simplified form of (4+2j) - (2+3j) is 2 - 2j.

b):
(2-3j) (4+2j) = 2(4+2j) - 3j(4+2j)
= 8 + 4j - 12j - 6𝑗 2
= 8 - 8j - 6(-1) = 14 - 8j
Therefore, the simplified form of (2-3j) (4+2j) is 14 - 8j.

c):
j21 = j20 ∗ j ➔ j2 = −1

j20 = (j2 )10 = (−1)10 = 1

j21 = j20 ∗ j = 1 ∗ j = j

So j21 is equal to j.

d):
(3 − 2j)2 = 32 − 2(3)(2j) + (2j)2

(3 − 2j)2 = 9 − 12j + 4j2 ➔ 𝑗 2 = −1

(3 − 2j)2 = 9 − 12j − 4

(3 − 2j)2 = 5 − 12𝑗
Therefore, we′ve simplified (3 − 2j)2 to the complex number 5 − 12j.

e):
(7 - 2j) (7 + 2j) = 7(7) + 7(2j) - 2j(7) - 2j(2j)
(7 - 2j) (7 + 2j) = 49 + 14j - 14j - 4𝑗 2 ➔ 𝑗 2 = −1
(7 - 2j) (7 + 2j) = 49 - 4(-1)
(7 - 2j) (7 + 2j) = 49 + 4 = 53
Therefore, we've simplified (7 - 2j) (7 + 2j) to the real number 53.

PROBLEM 5:
a):
r = |z| = √(22 + 72 ) = √53

Therefore, the polar form of z is:

z = r ejθ = √53 ejθ

b):
r = |z| = √(32 + (−4)2 ) = 5

Therefore, the polar form of z is:

z = r ejθ = 5 ejθ

c):
ejθ = cos(θ) + j sin(θ), e−jθ = cos(θ) − j sin(θ)
jπ
π π
z = 12 e 3 = 12 cos ( 3 ) + j 12 sin( 3 )

1 √3
z = 12 (2) + j 12 ( 2 )

So, the Cartesian form of z is:

z = 6 + 6√3j

d):
2π 2π
Re(z) = 3 cos ( ) = −1.5, Im(z) = 3 sin ( ) = 2.6
3 3

r = |z| = √(Re(z)2 + Im(z)2 ) = √(1.52 + 2.62 ) = 3.04

θ = atan2(2.6, -1.5) = 2.09 ➔ 𝑧 = 𝑟 𝑒 𝑗𝜃 = 3.04 𝑒 𝑗2.09

PROBLEM 6:
a):
𝑧1 ∗ 𝑧2 = (A cos(θ) + j A sin(θ)) * (B cos(φ) + j B sin(φ))

= A B cos(θ) cos(φ) + j A B cos(θ) sin(φ) + j A B sin(θ) cos(φ) - A B sin(θ) sin(φ)

(Using distributive property)
= (A B cos(θ) cos(φ) - A B sin(θ) sin(φ)) + j (A B cos(θ) sin(φ) + A B sin(θ) cos(φ))
(grouping real and imaginary terms)
= AB(cos(θ) cos(φ) - sin(θ) sin(φ)) + j AB(cos(θ) sin(φ) + sin(θ) cos(φ))
(Using trigonometric identities)
= AB cos(θ - φ) + j AB sin(θ - φ)
(Using trigonometric identities)

b):
z1 = 7 cos(π/12) + j 7 sin(π/12) = 7 (cos(15°) + j sin(15°))
z2 = 4 cos(π/6) - j 4 sin(π/6) = 4 (cos(30°) - j sin(30°))
z1 * z2 = (7 (cos(15°) + j sin(15°))) * (4 (cos(30°) - j sin(30°)))
= 28 (cos(15°) cos(30°) - sin(15°) sin(30°)) + j 28 (cos(15°) sin(30°) + sin(15°) cos(30°))
= 14 (cos(45°) - sin(45°)) + j 14 (sin(45°) + cos(45°))
= 14 (√2/2 - √2/2) + j 14 (√2/2 + √2/2)
= 0 + j 14√2 = j 14√2

c):
𝑗6𝜋
6𝜋 6𝜋
𝑧 = 27(𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 7 ) – 𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 7 )) = 27𝑒 − 7

1
1 𝑗6𝜋 3 𝑗2𝜋 2𝑘𝜋
−
𝑧 = (27𝑒
3 7 ) = 3𝑒 − 7
+
3 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 = 0, 1, 2

𝑒 𝑗𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) + 𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 `𝑧` 𝑎𝑟𝑒:

1
3 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑧1 = 3(𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ))
7 7
 1
8𝜋 8𝜋
𝑧23 = 3(𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 7 ) − 𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 7 ))
1
3 14𝜋 14𝜋
𝑧3 = 3(𝑐𝑜𝑠( 7
) − 𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 7
)) = 3(𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋) − 𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋)) = 3

𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:

1
𝑧13 = −1.5 + 𝑗 2.598
1
𝑧23 = −1.5 − 𝑗 2.598
1
𝑧33 = 3

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 `𝑧`.

d):
77𝜋
77𝜋 77𝜋
𝑧 = 14 𝑒 𝑗 15 = 14 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 15 ) + 𝑗 14 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 15 ) = −4.308 − 𝑗 12.284

𝑟 = |𝑧| = √(−4.308)2 + (−12.284)2 ) = 13.074

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 `𝑧` 𝑎𝑟𝑒:

1 2𝜋(0)
1 (𝑗(−1.922 + 7 ))
𝑧17 = 13.0747 𝑒 = 1.883 − 𝑗 2.757
1 1 2𝜋(1)
𝑗(−1.922 + )
𝑧27 = 13.0747 𝑒 7 = −1.247 − 𝑗 2.54
1 1 2𝜋(2)
𝑗(−1.922 + )
𝑧37 = 13.0747 𝑒 7 = −3.793 − 𝑗 0.019
1 1 2𝜋(3)
𝑗(−1.922 + )
𝑧47 = 13.0747 𝑒 7 = −2.655 + 𝑗 2.057
1 1 2𝜋(4)
𝑗(−1.922 + )
𝑧57 = 13.0747 𝑒 7 = 0.438 + 𝑗 3.233
1 1 2𝜋(5)
7 𝑗(−1.922 + )
𝑧6 = 13.0747 𝑒 7 = 3.577 + 𝑗 0.818
1 1 2𝜋(6)
7 𝑗(−1.922 + )
𝑧7 = 13.0747 𝑒 7 = 3.008 − 𝑗 2.921

PROBLEM 7:
a):
The system is linear, as it satisfies both the principle of superposition and homogeneity.

𝑑2 𝑑
𝑦(𝑡) = 2 (𝑑𝑡 2 (𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡))) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 (𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡))) + 5(𝑥1(𝑡) + 𝑥2(𝑡))

𝑑2 𝑑2 𝑑 𝑑
= 2 (𝑑𝑡 2 𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑥2 (𝑡)) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑑𝑡 𝑥2 (𝑡)) + 5𝑥1 (𝑡) + 5𝑥2 (𝑡)

𝑑2 𝑑 𝑑2 𝑑
= 2 (𝑑𝑡 2 𝑥1 (𝑡)) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 𝑥1 (𝑡)) + 5𝑥1 (𝑡) + 2 (𝑑𝑡 2 𝑥2 (𝑡)) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 𝑥2 (𝑡)) + 5𝑥2 (𝑡)

= 𝑦1(𝑡) + 𝑦2(𝑡) (Satisfies the principle of superposition.)

b): The given system is time-invariant.

𝑑2 𝑑
𝑦(𝑡 − 𝑡0) = 2 ( (𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0))) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 (𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0))) + 5(𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0))
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑑2 𝑑
= 2 (𝑑𝑡 2 (𝑥(𝑡))) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 (𝑥(𝑡))) + 5(𝑥(𝑡)) (𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒)

= 𝑦(𝑡)

c): The given system is a second-order differential equation, which means that it has
memory.
A system is said to have memory if its output at a given time depends on past values of the
input or the output, or both. In other words, a system with memory retains some
information about past inputs or outputs.

𝑑2 𝑑
𝑦(𝑡) = 2 ( (𝑥(𝑡))) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 (𝑥(𝑡))) + 5(𝑥(𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 2

d):
The given system is not causal.

e):
𝑑2 𝑑
ℎ(𝑡) = 2 (𝑑𝑡 2 (𝛿(𝑡))) + 3 (𝑑𝑡 (𝛿(𝑡))) + 5(𝛿(𝑡))

𝑑 𝑑2
𝑑𝑡
(𝛿(𝑡)) = 0 , 𝑑𝑡 2
(𝛿(𝑡)) = 0 ➔ ℎ(𝑡) = 5(𝛿(𝑡))

We can see that the impulse response h(t) is a scaled Dirac delta function, which is
absolutely integrable. Therefore, the given system is BIBO stable.
PROBLEM 8:
a):
𝑦2 (𝑡) = 2(𝑎𝑥1 (𝑡))𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 5

= 𝑎(2𝑥1 (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 5)

= 𝑎 ∗ 𝑦1 (𝑡)

𝑦(𝑡) = 2(𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡))𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 5

= 2𝑥1 (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 2𝑥2 (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 5

= 𝑦1 (𝑡) + 𝑦2 (𝑡)

Since the given system satisfies both the properties of homogeneity and additivity, it is
linear.

b): The given system is time-invariant.

A system is said to be time-invariant if its output depends only on the present and past
values of the input, and not on the future values. In other words, if we shift the input signal
in time, then the output should also be shifted by the same amount of time
𝑦2 (𝑡) = 2𝑥2 (𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 5 = 2𝑥1 (𝑡 − 𝑡0)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 5

𝑦2 (𝑡0 + 𝑡𝑎𝑢) = 2𝑥1 (𝑡𝑎𝑢)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋(𝑡0 + 𝑡𝑎𝑢)) + 5

= 2𝑥1 (𝑡𝑎𝑢)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡𝑎𝑢)𝑐𝑜𝑠(200𝜋𝑡0) + 2𝑥1 (𝑡𝑎𝑢)𝑐𝑜𝑠(200𝜋𝑡𝑎𝑢)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡0) + 5

= 𝑦1 (𝑡𝑎𝑢) cos(200𝜋𝑡0) + 2𝑥1 (𝑡𝑎𝑢) sin(200𝜋𝑡𝑎𝑢) sin(200𝜋𝑡0) + 5

c): The given system does not have memory.

A system is said to have memory if its output at any time depends not only on the present
and past values of the input, but also on past values of the output. In other words, if we
change the input signal at any time, the output may change not only at that time but also at
future times.

d): The given system is causal.

𝑦(𝑡) = 2𝑥(𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡) + 5

= 2𝑥(𝑡)(𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡0)𝑐𝑜𝑠(200𝜋(𝑡 − 𝑡0)) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(200𝜋𝑡0)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋(𝑡 − 𝑡0))) + 5

= (2𝑥(𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡0))𝑐𝑜𝑠(200𝜋(𝑡 − 𝑡0)) + (2𝑥(𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠(200𝜋𝑡0))𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋(𝑡 − 𝑡0)) + 5

Since x(t) is zero for t < t0, the output y(t) depends only on the values of x(t) for t <= t0.
Therefore, the output does not depend on any future values of the input, and the given
system is causal.