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Finding The Formula of A Hydrate

The document describes an experiment to determine the molecular formula of copper (II) sulfate hydrate (CuSO4⦁H2O) by heating samples of varying mass and measuring the mass loss, which represents evaporated water molecules. Trials were conducted heating 2.8g, 3.2g and 3.6g samples, and the number of water molecules per copper sulfate molecule was calculated using mole ratios from the initial and final masses. The analysis determined the molecular formula of the copper (II) sulfate hydrate is CuSO4⦁5H2O.

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239 views

Finding The Formula of A Hydrate

The document describes an experiment to determine the molecular formula of copper (II) sulfate hydrate (CuSO4⦁H2O) by heating samples of varying mass and measuring the mass loss, which represents evaporated water molecules. Trials were conducted heating 2.8g, 3.2g and 3.6g samples, and the number of water molecules per copper sulfate molecule was calculated using mole ratios from the initial and final masses. The analysis determined the molecular formula of the copper (II) sulfate hydrate is CuSO4⦁5H2O.

Uploaded by

AliRiza
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Finding The Formula of a Hydrate

This experiment has a purpose to find the molecular formula of a certain hydrate of copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4 H2O Variables Independent Mass of the copper (II) sulfate hydrate crystals

Dependent Mass change after the crystals are given heat

Controlled

Materials Ceramic evaporating dish (crucible) Electronic balance Bunsen burner Retort stand Ring clamp Clay triangle Spatula Crucible tongs Copper (II) sulfate hydrate crystals

Safety Precautions Safety goggles are needed all times

Procedure 1. Gather all the equipments you need. 2. Use evaporation to determine the formula of CuSO4 H2O. use 2.8g of crystals for 3 trials as well as 3.2g and 3.6g, all for 3 trials. 3. Place the clay triangle on top of the clamp and set the evaporating fish on top. 4. Light the Bunsen burner. You will hold the Bunsen burner throughout the entire experiment and wave it gently back and forth underneath the evaporating dish.

5. 6. Raw Data Initial Mass (0.02) 2.8 Trials


1 2 3

Crucible Mass (0.02)


12.89 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55

End Mass (0.02)


14.61 14.34 14.26 14.56 14.62 14.67 14.90 14.90 14.92

3.2

1 2 3

3.6

1 2 3

Processed Data

Masses and Moles of CuSO4 and H2O to Find X


Initial Mass Trials (0.02) (g) 2.8 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Mass of CuSO4 (0.04) (g) 1.72 1.79 1.71 2.01 2.07 2.12 2.35 2.35 2.37 Mass of H2O (0.06) (g) 1.08 1.01 1.09 1.19 1.13 1.08 1.25 1.25 1.23 Mole of CuSO4 (moles) ( uncertai ntty/mas s x 100%) 0.0108 0.0112 0.0107 0.0126 0.0130 0.0133 0.0147 0.0147 0.0148

Mole of H2O (moles)

x (Coefficient of H2O)

3.2

3.6

0.0599 0.0560 0.0605 0.0660 0.0627 0.0599 0.0694 0.0694 0.0683

5.56 5.00 5.65 5.24 4.84 4.51 4.71 4.71 4.60 Average 4.98

e.g to find the End Mass/Crucible Mass

analysis: in this experiment a crystal hydrate is heated in crucible. A trial of three times is done on each experiment with a variety of mass, which are 2.8 gram, 3.2 gram and 3.6 gram. The three of the mass is heated in a crucible using Bunsen burner. During the heating process, the water molecules will depart from the molecule of CuSO 4 so that the end of the heating process, a molecule of CuSO4 will be obtained. How to separate water from CuSO4 is by applying heat, when the color turns into white, which is a sign that its losing water. The analysis to know how much H 2O molecules separated in the CuSO4 molecule can be obtained by calculating the difference between the mass before and after the heating. We can see from the processed data table that the initial mass subtracted by the final mass is the molecule mass of H20 bonded with CuSO4. Therefore to know the total molecule of H20 that is bonded by CuSO4 anhydrate is by high temperature heating so that the entire H20 molecule can evaporate. The calculation of how the molecule of H2O is bonded by CuSO4 anhydrate: Ex. 1

1 CuSO4.

X H2O
X=5

HEATING

1 CuSO4

5H2O
1,01 Gram/ Mr H2O mole 0.0560/5 = 0.0112

2,8 Gram

1.79 Gram/ Mr CuSO4 mole 0.0112/1

EX. 2 Finding H2O = (Crucible mass + initial mass) final mass = ( 12.55 = 1.01 + 2.8 ) - 14.34

Conclusion and Evaluation Water molecule can be separated from Hydrate CuSO4 by heating the Hydrate CuSO4 The amount of H2O mass that is separated from CuSO4 is equal to the molecule of H2O that is bonded by CuSO4. The molecule formula of Hydrate CuSO4.X H2O that is obtained from the experiment is CuSO4.5 H2O

Errors:

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