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vii

Contents in brief

part 1 Foundations of work and organizations 1


chapter 1 Introducing contemporary organizational behaviour 3
2 The social nature of work 37
3 Studying work and organizations 65

part 2 Individuals in the workplace 94


chapter 4 Personality and self-identity 97
5 Perception and emotions 124
6 Motivation 156
7 Learning 182
8 Class, gender, race and equality 209
9 Diversity and people management 233

part 3 Group dynamics and management processes 261


chapter 10 Groups and teams 263
11 Communication 291
12 Leadership 314
13 Decision making, ethics and social responsibility 343
14 Power, politics and conflict 370

part 4 Organizational design and change 397


chapter 15 Structure 399
16 Technology 429
17 Culture 451
18 Change 477

Glossary 507
Bibliography 514
Index of personal names 539
Subject index 542
viii

Contents

Figures and tables xiii


About the author xv
About the contributors xvi
Message to lecturers xvii
Preface xviii
A tour of the book xxii
A tour of the Online Resource Centre xxiv
Author’s acknowledgements xxv
Publisher acknowledgements xxvii

part 1 Foundations of work and organizations 1


chapter 1 Introducing contemporary organizational behaviour 3
Introduction 4
The meaning of organizational behaviour 5
Why study organizational behaviour? 10
A framework for studying organizational behaviour 12
Managing work organizations 19
The influence of class, gender, race, ethnicity and disability on
organizational behaviour 22
Researching organizational behaviour 25
Summary and end-of-chapter features 34
Chapter case study 1: Managing change at Eastern University 35
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Tuition reimbursement
for studying organizational behaviour? 36
2 The social nature of work 37
Introduction 38
Work and non-work 39
The development of work 43
Work in organizations: an integration of ideas 55
Gender and the sexual division of work 56
Work less, live better? Managing the work–life balance 58
Summary and end-of-chapter features 62
Chapter case study 1: Service with a smile: McJobs in China 63
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Home-working in
Matherdom City Council 64
3 Studying work and organizations 65
Introduction 66
Classical approaches to studying work 66
Contemporary theories of organizations 81
The value of theory about contemporary organizational behaviour 90
Contents ix

Summary and end-of-chapter features 92


Chapter case study 1: Butting out smoking in Russia 93
Chapter case study 2: Research at Aeroprecision AB 93

part 2 Individuals in the workplace 94


chapter 4 Personality and self-identity 97
Introduction 98
What is personality? 100
Trait theories of personality 102
The psychodynamic theory of personality 106
Sociocultural theories of personality 109
Identity and personality 116
Applying personality theories in the workplace 118
Summary and end-of-chapter features 121
Chapter case study 1: Identifying leaders in Nigeria 122
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Building Anna’s
self-esteem 123
5 Perception and emotions 124
Introduction 125
The nature and process of perception 127
The processing limitations underlying selective attention 135
The influence of existing knowledge in perception 137
Perceiving causes 144
Perception, emotions and emotional intelligence 147
Summary and end-of-chapter features 153
Chapter case study: The blame game 154
6 Motivation 156
Introduction 157
The nature of work motivation 158
Content theories of motivation: workers with needs 161
Process theories of motivation: workers with choices 165
The sociological analysis of motivation: alienation, culture and self-identity 170
Integrating the approaches 173
Applying motivation theories 174
Summary and end-of-chapter features 180
Chapter case study 1: Equity at FindIT 181
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Motivation at Norsk
Petroleum 181
7 Learning 182
Introduction 183
The nature of workplace learning 183
Classical learning theories 186
Contemporary learning theories 193
Critical adult learning theories 197
Learning in a global economy 205
Summary and end-of-chapter features 207
Chapter case study 1: Learning to be green in New Zealand 208
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Coronation Bank:
a transfer of learning dilemma 208
x Contents

8 Class, gender, race and equality 209


Introduction 210
Equality and equity 211
Social class and inequality 214
Gender, inequality and discrimination 220
Race and ethnicity 225
Disability and work: an emerging focus for research? 228
Summary and end-of-chapter features 230
Chapter case study 1: Equity challenges in South African police service organizations 231
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): The glass ceiling
commission 232
9 Diversity and people management 233
Introduction 234
Human resource management: management behaviour in action 234
Theorizing people management 236
Diversity in the workplace 238
Functions of human resource management 242
Outcomes and paradoxes in people management 255
Summary and end-of-chapter features 258
Chapter case study 1: Working but poor: organizing women in India 259
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): ServiceTech’s HRM strategy 259

part 3 Group dynamics and management processes 261


chapter 10 Groups and teams 263
Introduction 264
Work groups and work teams 265
Group dynamics 267
Work teams and management theory 282
Work teams: ending bureaucracy and extending employee empowerment? 285
Paradox in team-based work systems 287
Summary and end-of-chapter features 289
Chapter case study 1: Building cars in Brazil 290
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Teams at Land Rock
Alliance Insurance 290
11 Communication 291
Introduction 292
The nature of communication 292
Perspectives on communication 294
Communication and management 300
Channels of communication 301
Leadership, persuasion and communication 303
Communication and cultural diversity 306
Gender and communication: ‘She said, he said’ 308
Communication and paradox 310
Summary and end-of-chapter features 311
Chapter case study 1: Cancelling Casual Friday at Sydney’s CLD Bank 312
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Edenvale Hospital 313
12 Leadership 314
Introduction 315
The nature of organizational leadership 316
Contents xi

Leadership versus management 318


Traditional leadership theories 320
Contemporary leadership theories 329
Power, gender and cross-cultural issues 335
Evaluating leadership: is leadership important? 337
Summary and end-of-chapter features 340
Chapter case study 1: Hitting the glass ceiling at Hotoke, Japan 341
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): The challenge of
evaluating leadership development training 342
13 Decision making, ethics and social responsibility 343
Introduction 344
The nature of decision making 345
The rhetoric of decision making 345
The realities of decision making 348
Power, gender and decision making 354
Employee voice in decision making 355
Ethics and corporate social responsibility 357
Developing decision-making skills 363
Summary and end-of-chapter features 367
Chapter case study 1: Ethical decision making at Primark 368
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): A new venture for Echo
Generation Publishing 369
14 Power, politics and conflict 370
Introduction 371
The nature of power 373
Power, conflict and resistance in organizations 382
Summary and end-of-chapter features 394
Chapter case study 1: Aiming for a paperless world 395
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): Las Vegas general strike 396

part 4 Organizational design and change 397


chapter 15 Structure 399
Introduction 400
The nature of organizational structure 401
Typologies of organizational structure 405
Determinants of organizational structure 405
Organizational redesign: a conceptual framework 411
Traditional designs: bureaucracy 413
Emerging designs: post-bureaucracy 417
Class, gender and organizational design 424
Summary and end-of-chapter features 426
Chapter case study 1: Strategy and design in Australia’s tourism industry 427
Chapter case study 2 (online resource, see end of chapter): ABC’s just-in-time supply
chain 428
16 Technology 429
Introduction 430
The nature of technology 431
Critical debates on technology: the deskilling thesis 435
Historical and philosophical contexts of ICT 440
The social shaping of ICT 443
xii Contents

Summary and end-of-chapter features 449


Chapter case study: Technological change at the Observer–Herald newspaper 450
17 Culture 451
Introduction 452
National culture and culture dimensions 453
Understanding organizational culture 456
Perspectives on organizational culture 459
Managing cultures 469
Summary and end-of-chapter features 474
Chapter case study: Changing the University of Daventry’s culture 475
18 Change 477
Introduction 478
The nature of organizational change 478
The forces driving organizational change 481
Resistance to change 486
Organizational change strategies 489
Innovation and organizational development 499
Paradox in change management 502
Summary and end-of-chapter features 504
Chapter case study: Resistance at RIC Health Services 505

Glossary 507
Bibliography 514
Index of personal names 539
Subject index 542
xiii

Figures and tables

Figures 6.3 Sample expectancy theory calculations 168


6.4 Integrating cognitive and sociological
1.1 The three levels of social structure surrounding
approaches to work motivation 173
the organization 8
6.5 Three poles for the measurement of well-being 179
1.2 Reasons for studying organizational behaviour 10
7.1 Classical or Pavlovian conditioning 188
1.3 An integrated framework for studying
organizational behaviour 13 7.2 Examples of positive and negative
reinforcement 189
1.4 The employment and psychological contract
between employee and employer 17 7.3 Three aspects of reciprocal learning 192
7.4 A model of work-related learning 196
1.5 The classic Fayolian management cycle 20
8.1 Income inequality in selective countries 216
1.6 An integrated model of management 22
8.2 Rate of income inequality in selective EU
1.7 A scheme for comparing quantitative and
countries 217
qualitative research strategies 30
8.3 The proportion of people living in households
2.1 The panopticon building 45
in the UK with less than half the national
2.2 A craft union response to Taylorism 47 average income, 1994 226
2.3 Development of work organization and 9.1 The human resource management cycle 237
employment relationships 55
9.2 A model of HRM, behaviour and performance 237
2.4 The notion of the work–life balance 60
9.3 Balancing the demand and supply of labour 243
3.1 Contemporary theories of work organizations 82 9.4 The stages of the recruitment and selection
4.1 A conceptual schema for studying personality, process 244
self-concept and individual differences 100 9.5 Measurement approaches used to assess
4.2 Perceived characteristics of behaviours that personality 245
are seen as reflecting an individual’s personality 102 9.6 Kolb et al.’s experiential cycle of learning 247
4.3 Two hypothetical personality profiles using 9.7 Modelling the HRM–performance linkage 256
Cattell’s 16PF test 104
10.1 Classification of work teams 267
4.4 Eysenck’s major personality dimensions 105
10.2 A model of group dynamics 268
4.5 Freud’s conception of the personality structure: 10.3 The incremental effects of group size on
‘the Freudian iceberg’ 107 relationships 269
4.6 Bandura’s model of reciprocal determinism 110 10.4 Five phases of group development 271
4.7 Holland’s individual–occupation hexagonal 10.5 A conceptual framework for examining
model 119 intragroup conflict 276
4.8 A model of proactive personality and 10.6 Cohesiveness, norms and group performance 278
individual job performance 120
10.7 An example of the cards used in Asch’s
5.1 The link between perception, behaviour and experiment in group conformity 278
the environment 129
10.8 Oldham and Hackman’s job characteristics
5.2 The elements and process of perception 131 model 284
5.3 The law of closure 132 10.9 The three dimensions of group work: technical,
5.4 The Necker cube 134 governance and sociocultural 285
5.5 The Müller–Lyer illusion 134 11.1 Organizational communication as action 294
5.6 The schema activation process 138 11.2 Downward, upward and horizontal
6.1 Examples of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators 159 communications in a retail store 302
6.2 Comparison of Maslow’s needs hierarchy and 11.3 Aristotle’s model of rhetoric 305
Alderfer’s ERG theory 164 11.4 The immutable 4S model of speech making 305
xiv Figures and tables

12.1 Leadership as a process 317 2.1 The nature of traditional work and knowledge
12.2 The Leadership Grid™ 323 work 53
12.3 A representation of Fiedler’s contingency 4.1 The Big Five model of personality trait structure
model of leadership 325 and the associated lower order traits 106
12.4 The path–goal model 326 4.2 Psychoanalytic defence mechanisms 109
12.5 Transformational leadership 331 4.3 Holland’s typology of personality and
13.1 A rational decision-making model 346 congruent work environments and
13.2 The involvement–commitment cycle 357 occupations 119
13.3 Ethical issues in business 360 5.1 Selective positive and negative emotions 149
13.4 Determinants of ethical behaviour in work 5.2 Emotional intelligence domains and
organizations 362 competencies 150
14.1 Giddens’ model of power 375 6.1 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y of
motivation 163
14.2 Wrong on influence and power 376
6.2 Most popular, highly effective and least
14.3 Steven Lukes’ vision of power 377
effective motivation strategies for knowledge
14.4 Dimensions of conflict management intentions 391
workers 174
15.1 An example of a simple organizational
6.3 New rewards and behaviour objectives 175
structure 402
7.1 Approaches to learning theory 191
15.2 A tall organization structure versus a flat (team-
7.2 A comparison of the assumptions of pedagogy
based) structure 404
and andragogy 198
15.3 The strategy–structure thesis 406
9.1 Organizational behaviour theories and HRM
15.4 Determinants of organizational structure and
practices 235
end results 411
9.2 Competencies in a financial services
15.5 Types of organizational restructuring 412
organization 245
15.6 Five basic elements of an organizational
9.3 Applying learning theory in the organization 248
structure 413
9.4 Types of employee pay 251
15.7 An engineering company with a functional
9.5 Work responsibilities of human resource
design 415
managers 255
15.8 An auto company with a product design 415
10.1 Task-related and emotion-related behaviours
15.9 Divisional organizational structure based on
in groups 275
strategic business units 416
10.2 Symptoms of groupthink 279
15.10 An engineering company with a matrix design 417
11.1 Selective communicating styles used by men
15.11 A conceptual model of the boundaryless
and women 309
organization 419
12.1 Distinguishing leadership from managership 318
16.1 Technology as an independent variable in
12.2 Traditional and contemporary leadership
organizational and social change analysis 432
perspectives 320
16.2 The social shaping of technology 448
12.3 Substitutes for leadership 328
17.1 A model of national culture 453
13.1 Levels of organizational decision-making
17.2 The influence of culture on human behaviour
behaviour 345
and behaviour on culture 454
13.2 Programmable and non-programmable types
17.3 The three levels of organizational culture 457
of decisions 347
18.1 External and internal drivers of change 482
13.3 Individual biases in decision making 350
18.2 Lewin’s three-stage force-field model 491
15.1 The bureaucratic and re-engineered
18.3 A typology of change management activities 497 organization 418
18.4 The learning, knowledge, creativity and 17.1 Some definitions of organizational culture 457
innovation cycle 499
17.2 Typologies of organizational culture 461
17.3 The major perspectives on organizational
Tables culture 468
1.1 Towards a multidisciplinary approach to 18.1 Sources of individual and organizational
organizational behaviour 9 resistance to change 487
1.2 Summary of managerial work 21 18.2 Kotter’s and Lewin’s sequential change models 493
1.3 Comparing major perspectives on 18.3 Popular organizational development
organizational behaviour 27 interventions 501
xv

About the author

John Bratton is Adjunct Professor at Athabasca University, Canada, and visiting profes-
sor at Edinburgh Napier University, UK. He was the first Director of the Workplace
Learning Research Unit at the University of Calgary, and has served on the faculties
of several other universities. His research interests span work and employment issues,
and he was a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Workplace Learning, the
Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education and Leadership. In addition to author-
ing this book, he is co-author (with Jeff Gold) of Human Resource Management: Theory
and Practice (2012); co-author (with David Denham) of Capitalism and Classical Social
Theory (2014); co-author (with Peter Sawchuk, J. Helms-Mills and T. Pyrch) of Workplace
Learning: A Critical Introduction (2004); co-author (with Keith Grint and Debra Nelson)
of Organizational Leadership (2005); and author of Japanization of Work: Managerial
Studies in the 1990s (1992).
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xvi

About the contributors

Bob Barnetson is an Associate Professor of Labour Relations at Athabasca University,


Canada. His research interests centre on the political economy of workplace injury and
vulnerable workers. He is the author of The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada
(2010) and various journal articles addressing agricultural workers, migrant workers and
child labour in Canada.
David Denham is an Honorary Research Fellow at Wolverhampton University, UK,
where he taught a variety of sociology courses over a career spanning 35 years. He has
published articles on the sociology of law, criminology and the sociology of sport, and
is co-author (with John Bratton) of Capitalism and Classical Social Theory (2014) and with
Lorraine Wolhuter and Neil Olley of Victimology: Victimization and Victims’ Rights (2008).
Karen Densky lectures in English as a second language and ESL teacher training at
Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada. Her research and teaching interests
include curriculum and methodology for the ESL classroom. She has worked in teacher
training programmes in Chile and Greenland. She is the author of Creativity, Culture and
Communicative Language Teaching (2008).
Gretchen Fox completed Master’s and PhD degrees in cultural anthropology at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. Her doctoral research focused on under-
standing cultural and economic approaches to natural resource use and management
by Mi’kmaq First Nation people in Atlantic Canada. She is currently an Anthropologist
and Impact Assessment Analyst at Fox Cultural Research.
David MacLennan teaches in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Thomp-
son Rivers University, Canada. His main research interest is the sociology of learning.
Current projects include research to promote environmental literacy and increase
awareness of the cultural significance of local landscapes.
Lori Rilkoff holds the position of Human Resources Director at the City of Kamloops, BC,
Canada, and is a former lecturer in HRM at Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops. She
acquired her MSc in Training and HRM from the University of Leicester, Centre for Labour
Market Studies. Lori’s professional interest focuses on the practical application of HRM
theory in the workplace.
xvii

Message to lecturers

Dear Lecturer,
Thank you for adopting the third edition of Introduction to Work and Organizational
Behaviour, which we prepared in 2014 when it looked like Britain was emerging from
the longest economic slump in a century. By the fourth quarter, however, there were
pessimistic forecasts and warnings of a slowdown. This prompted the Bank of England’s
Chief Economist to describe Britain’s recovery as ‘jobs-rich, but pay-poor’. In the same
month, it was reported that over 400,000 NHS staff in England were engaged in indus-
trial action – the first action over pay in more than three decades.
We have tried to make connections between the economic recession and austerity econom-
ics and organizational behaviour in a way that we hope your students will find engaging
and relevant. Although the book has been written to fulfil the needs of students completing
an introductory undergraduate organizational behaviour module, it offers a counternarra-
tive to mainstream organizational behaviour texts. Analytically, it privileges a concern with
conflict-oriented discourse and how organizational behaviour serves, or neglects to serve,
particular interests. In sharp contrast to many introductory texts, it encourages students to
be sensitive to context, power and inequality in the contemporary workplace. Visit www.
palgrave.com/bratton-ob for a video that explains this approach in more detail.
Palgrave subjected the manuscript to an extensive peer review process, and I am extremely
grateful to the 20 reviewers from the UK, Denmark, Sweden, South Africa, Lebanon, New
Zealand, USA and United Arab Emirates who made many valuable suggestions for revisions
and additional material. The review process has created a new version rather than a third
edition of the 2010 book. I have updated the information on all the topics discussed (with
over 140 post-2010 references, more than 100 of which were published in 2013–15); included
a new chapter on organizational change; and added new sections on research methods,
personality and self, and managing conflict. There are 12 new The Reality of Work features,
12 new Globalization and Organization Misbehaviour features and, new to this edition,
Links to Management boxes with online videos of business professionals and academics
discussing the connection between organizational behaviour and management practice,
with accompanying questions in the textbook. More detail on this is provided in the preface.
To add more value for your students I suggest you make reference to the book during
your lectures, for instance identifying relevant sections of the chapter, referring to the
various pedagogical features, as well as asking students to attempt the end-of-chapter
case study in preparation for your seminar or in-class discussion. There is also an exten-
sive Online Resource Centre, located at www.palgrave.com/bratton-ob, which provides
supplementary materials for you and your students.
As is inevitable, some high-quality articles and books may have inadvertently been
omitted, so I would welcome suggestions of material to include and feedback to improve
the next edition. Please contact me via email address on the book’s website.
John Bratton
Edinburgh
xviii

Preface

Welcome to Introduction to Work and Organizational Behaviour. This book has been
written specifically to fulfil the needs of introductory undergraduate courses for an
engaging, accessible analysis of behaviour in work organizations, which draws on the
two major human sciences of psychology and sociology. It assumes no previous know-
ledge of psychology or sociology by the student, practitioner or general reader.
In the era of globalized capitalism, textbooks on organizational behaviour date quickly.
It is 5 years since we were writing the second edition of this book, but the synchronized
global financial crisis, economic recession and, in the UK, austerity economics, as well as
our own thoughts and the suggestions from users for improving the book, have already
necessitated a major revision. The founding principles of the book remain unchanged –
yet the socioeconomic context in which we all find ourselves has fundamentally shifted.

Context
As we argued in the first and second editions of this book, organizational behaviour
is socially embedded and is profoundly influenced by contextual processes. As in the
Great Depression of 1929–33, and the recessions of 1973–75, 1980–83 and 1990–93, the
2008–09 global economic meltdown and its aftermath continues to cause a psycholog-
ical and social meltdown: people, whether employed or not, feel extremely vulnerable
and afraid for their futures, and inequality is increasing. In 2014, the 85 richest people
on the planet, about the same number that could ride on a double-decker bus, have,
according to Oxfam, accumulated as much wealth, £1 trillion, between them as half of
the world’s poorest 3.5 billion people. As the rich have become richer, UK workers have
suffered the longest and most severe decline in real earnings since the Victorian era,
1865–67 (Doward and Bissett, 2014). We make the case that understanding issues of
inequality and equity across the major social divisions of society as it relates to work
is a prerequisite for a deep understanding of organizational behaviour. For example,
inequality affects employees’ health, levels of trust and performance, and ultimately
damages business (Dorling, 2014; Piketty, 2014; Stiglitz, 2013). In short, we live and work
in an interconnected reality. Hence organizational behaviour in the twenty-first century
is incomprehensible without understanding the effects of global capitalism and the
response of nation states to the economic crisis.
The immediacy of the current events can easily distract us from the more persistent
trends and features of organizational life. Work configurations and employment prac-
tices cannot be uncoupled from national and global contexts. Thus, although the monu-
mental failure of management in a deregulated system has put management education
in business schools (Currie et al., 2010) in general, and some aspects of organizational
behaviour in particular, under critical scrutiny, the core attributes of work and how the
employment relationship is managed remain unchanged. These attributes have been
there since the era of globalization – the 1990s – and we examined them in the second
edition of the book: the growth of non-standard or precarious employment, downsizing,
the decline in trade union power and influence, deregulation, work intensification and
consequential work-related stress.
Preface xix

We emphasized in 2010 that employers and managers operate within a wider insti-
tutional, cultural and social context, and that changing the way they behave requires
a fundamental change in organizational context and culture. Following reports of
white-collar crime and highly unethical and, in the case of US and UK bankers, reckless
behaviour, we wrote then that the solution did not lie in removing ‘a few bad apples’
but in ‘changing the way organizations are regulated by government, changing the
way managers are compensated, and by changing the values that ultimately prevail
in society’.
We believe that the solution to the problems caused by the Anglo-Saxon neo-liberal
political economy lies in fundamental changes to the system. This is not to underestimate
the management roots of the global crisis. North American and UK business schools
are partly to blame for the global crisis. For the most part, they have been uncritical
advocates and ‘cheerleaders’ of the ‘neo-liberal’ Anglo-Saxon model, and ultimately they
have a responsibility for educating a new cadre of managers who can help to change
the system. The new features of this third edition are set out below, but the broad aims
remain the same as in the first: to encourage critical thinking and provide insight into and
understanding of the sociology and psychology of work and the behaviour of people in
work groups and organizations. We hope to make a modest contribution to develop-
ing critical pedagogy in business schools that will make organizations more effective
in a variety of ways – more productive, more ecologically sustainable, more satisfying,
more equitable – and perhaps even help to forge more democratic workplaces through
increased employee voice in the future.

Critical approach
Our approach to explaining contemporary organizational behaviour is rather different.
We cover the three levels of analysis – individual, group and organizational – found in
traditional organizational behaviour textbooks, and examine the concepts and issues
that comprise the core of an introductory course in the subject. However, we depart
from ‘mainstream’ texts on organizational behaviour in three important respects.
First, we attempt to take the student of organizational behaviour into realms rarely
explored in most undergraduate courses in management. We try to offer an intellectual
journey that draws on familiar areas from workplace psychology, but also takes readers
to unfamiliar paradigms and research from the realm of sociology, anthropology and
politics. Our approach to studying organizational behaviour privileges the idea found in
C. Wright Mills’ (1959/2000) ‘sociological imagination’ and the importance it places upon
locating human problems and management practices in context: that history and the
interplay of people and society matter – that the work organization is embedded in the
particularities of time and society, and in the dynamics of the local and the global. Our
intention is to draw upon both mainstream and critical perspectives, as a requirement
for generating a more eclectic interdisciplinary dialogue.
This is hardly an original orientation – but in adopting a more critical perspective,
we believe this book embraces a more educative approach to studying organizational
behaviour. It seeks to challenge students to question, to debate, to seek multicausality
and to develop their own understanding of organizational behaviour. This is also an
important element of our notion of a ‘critical’ approach, and is enhanced by the book’s
many teaching and learning features, discussed later in this Preface.
Second, we have brought together an eclectic selection of academic material and
behaviour practices from the European Community, North America, Australia, New
Zealand, the Middle East and parts of Asia. Thus, in an ever more globalized world in
which managers and the managed are increasingly expected to be sensitive to cultural
diversity, Introduction to Work and Organizational Behaviour offers students a more global
appreciation of behaviour at work.
xx Preface

Third, this book emphasizes six core themes: competing standpoints, change in the
workplace, the relationship between the self and the social, equality/equity, diversity
and social power. In many ways, it is these core themes, and asking ‘Cui bono’ – To whom
is the benefit? – that constitute and support what we understand as a ‘critical’ approach
to work and organizational behaviour (Bratton and Gold, 2015).
Introduction to Work and Organizational Behaviour is political in the sense suggested
by Karen Ashcroft and Brenda Allen (2003):
As they orient students to the field and its defining areas of theory and research,
textbooks perform a political function. That is, they advance narratives of
collective identity, which invite students to internalize a particular map of central
and marginal issues of legitimate and dubious projects. (p. 28)
As suggested above, knowledge is not neutral, shaping our understanding of it in
particular ways. The ‘map’ we wish to lay out to students will, we hope, enable students
to navigate through competing narratives and counternarratives on organizational
behaviour. As such, we hope the reader will develop a more holistic and nuanced
awareness of the forces and processes shaping the behaviour of people in the contem-
porary workplace. It is the commitment to educate, not simply to ‘train’ employable
skills, that further differentiates Introduction to Work and Organizational Behaviour from
mainstream textbooks.

New for this third edition


As we have already mentioned, the new edition was prepared during the longest
economic slump facing Britain for a century. Wherever possible, we have tried to make
connections between the global and national crises, labour market and employment
trends and organizational behaviour in a way that we hope will be interesting and rele-
vant for students. Users of the second edition of the book will notice that Bob Barnetson
and David Denham have become contributors to the text. Bob’s Globalization and
Organization Misbehaviour and David’s The Reality of Work vignettes are designed to
stimulate interest, provide critical insight or act as a discussion point on the material. This
third edition also includes new insights from current academic literature.
Suggestions from all the reviewers have been included in this third edition. Broadly
speaking, the book retains the unique and successful approach of the previous editions –
but this new edition has been supplemented with a range of new features:
## A new Chapter 18 on organizational change has been added, which draws on much of
the material from the preceding chapters.
## 12 new The Reality of Work vignettes provide practical and thought-provoking exam-
ples of the interconnection between social context and organizational behaviour.
## 12 new Globalization and Organization Misbehaviour vignettes explore organiza-
tional behaviour outside the UK.
## New Links to Management online videos feature business professionals and academ-
ics discussing the connection between organizational behaviour theory and manage-
ment practice in the workplace, with accompanying questions in the textbook.
## An extensively reworked Chapter 1, introducing contemporary organizational behav-
iour, provides an accessible entry into the field and emphasizes the value of studying
organizational behaviour.
## The new Chapter 9 on diversity and people management demonstrates the practical
relevance of organizational behaviour theory and research to the world of work,
focusing on recruitment, rewards and training. It can also be used to provide an intro-
duction to a more specialized module on human resource management.
## There are expanded or new sections on the following subjects: research methods
(Chapter 1), the history of management thought (Chapter 3), the social construction
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCRAP BOOK OF


MORMON LITERATURE (VOL. 1 OF 2) ***
SCRAP BOOK OF MORMON
LITERATURE
VOL. I

Religious Tracts

Published by

BEN. E. RICH

"We have gathered posies,


From other men's flowers;
Nothing but the thread that
Binds them is ours."
GENERAL INDEX.
ARTICLES OF FAITH of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
—Joseph Smith, 5.

NOTES TO BE REFERRED TO DAILY BY MISSIONARIES: by Prest.


Francis M. Lyman, In behalf of the Council of Twelve Apostles, 8.

THE PROPHET JOSEPH SMITH TELLS HIS OWN STORY: Joseph's


First Vision—Reception Accorded the Prophet's Statement—Angel Moroni
Visits the Prophet—The Angel Instructs the Boy—Joseph Views the Plates
—Smith Family Meet with Adversity—Prophet Seeks Employment—
Prophet Obtains the Plates—Translating the Plates Commenced—Martin
Harris Shows Characters taken from the Plates to Learned Men—Aaronic
Priesthood Received—Organization of the Church—Removal of Church to
Kirtland, Ohio—Persecution in Missouri—Removal to Illinois—
Martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum—Illinois Persecution and Emigration
West—Early Pioneer Days—Temples—Missionary Work—Attacks against
the Book of Mormon, 11.

WHAT MORMONS BELIEVE: Epitome of the Doctrines of the Church of


Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints—First Principles—The Apostasy—The
Restoration—Redemption of the Dead—The Book of Mormon—Church
Government—Auxiliary Societies—Divine Authority.—By Apostle Charles
W. Penrose, 29.

SALVATION: A Dialogue Between Elder Brownson and Mr. Whitby—The


Fall and Atonement—The First Principles—Gifts of the Holy Ghost—
Preaching Without Hire—History and Organization of the Church—The
Visions of the Prophet—The Book of Mormon—Aaronic Priesthood
Conferred—Brief History of the Church—Gathering of the Saints.—By
Elder John Jaques, 39.
EXCLUSIVE SALVATION: Only One Lord, One Faith and One Baptism—
Testimonies of Apostles Paul, Peter, James, Jude, and St. John.—By Elder
John Jaques, 66.

THE ONLY WAY TO BE SAVED: Obedience to First Principles—Baptism


—Immersion the Mode—Laying on of Hands—Gifts and Blessings—
Authority Necessary—Apostasy—The Restoration.—By Prest. Lorenzo
Snow, 77.

GOSPEL TO THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: Dead Preached to in the


Spirit World—Baptism for the Dead—Necessity of this Vicarious Work—
Elijah Bestows Keys for Vicarious Work.—By Prest. George Q. Cannon,
88.

JOSEPH SMITH AS A PROPHET: Predictions Uttered by Him and their


Signal Fulfillment—His Prophetic Power Established by the Scriptural
Rule. A Lectured Delivered.—By Elder Andrew Jensen, 92.

THE GOSPEL MESSAGE: An Explanation of Some of the Prominent


Doctrines of the Church—One Gospel Only—The First Principles—
Baptism—Laying on of Hands—Gifts and Miracles—Authority Necessary.
—By Elder William Budge, 119.

THE ONLY TRUE GOSPEL, OR THE PRIMITIVE CHRISTIAN FAITH:


Only One True Gospel—The First Principles—Gifts and Miracles—
Authority.—By Elder William Budge, 135.

JOSEPH THE PROPHET: The place of the Prophet as a Benefactor of


Mankind—Visions of the Prophet—Priesthood Conferred—Organization of
the Church—The New Jerusalem—Book of Abraham—Work for the Dead
Established—Summary of the Work Accomplished by the Prophet.—By
Elder B. H. Roberts, 141.

FIRST PRINCIPLES OF THE TRUE GOSPEL OF CHRIST: Is Belief


alone Sufficient—Repent or Perish—Is Baptism Essential to Salvation—
Baptism for the Dead—Object and Purpose of Baptism—Mode of Baptism
—Authority to Baptize.—By Elder J. H. Paul, 147.
ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK OF MORMON: What the Book is—How the
Ancient Plates were Transmitted—Abridgments—Plates of Ether—The
Smaller Plates of Nephi—Quotations From Isaiah.—By Elder B. H.
Roberts, 154.

THE SECOND COMING OF THE MESSIAH AND EVENTS TO


PRECEDE IT: The Restoration of the Everlasting Gospel—The Coming of
a Messenger—The Coming of Elijah—The Gathering of the Saints—The
Restoration of the Gospel—The Testimony of the Three Witnesses—The
Coming of the Messenger—Elijah Comes—Keys of Gathering Restored.—
By Elder B. H. Roberts, 162.

THE CHARACTER OF THE MORMON PEOPLE: The Cause of


Misrepresentation—Mormons Wronged by a Sensational Press—Testimony
of Non-Mormon Witnesses—The Mission of the Mormon Elders—The
Mountain Meadow Massacre.—By Elder B. H. Roberts, 173.

A REJECTED MANUSCRIPT: THE OTHER SIDE: A Rejected


Manuscript—Salt Lake Valley—Social Conditions Among the Mormons—
Attitude of Mormons Toward Education—Missionary Work—Stories about
the Mormons—Persecution and Suffering—Loyalty of the Mormons—
Tabernacle Choir—People of Travel—Temple Work.—By Leon R. Ewing,
192.

RAYS OF LIVING LIGHT: Necessity of Obedience—Character of the


Godhead—The Atonement—First Principles of the Gospel—The Gift of the
Holy Ghost—Divine Authority—A Departure from the Faith—The
Restoration of the Gospel—The Book of Mormon—Modern Revelation—
Salvation for the Dead—Baptism for the Dead—Fruits of the Gospel.—By
Apostle Charles W. Penrose, 202.

A FRIENDLY DISCUSSION UPON RELIGIOUS SUBJECTS: The


Godhead—The Fall and the Atonement—Faith—Repentance—Baptism for
Remission of Sins—Holy Ghost—Laying on of Hands—Gifts of the Holy
Ghost—Authority—Offices in The Church—Apostasy—Restoration.—By
Ben. E. Rich, 263.

NIGHT OF THE MARTYRDOM: By Apostle Orson Hyde, 283.


DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY
SAINTS. ITS FAITH AND TEACHINGS: Faith—Repentance—Baptism—
Reception of the Holy Ghost and the Laying on of Hands—Authority—
Apostasy—Restoration—Testimony of the Three Witnesses—Prophecy of
Joseph Smith, the Seer, Given in 1832—Authority.—By Elder John
Morgan, 286.

THE PLAN OF SALVATION: Pre-existence—Why We are here—Faith—


Repentance—Baptism—Laying on of Hands—Future Existence—Baptism
for the Dead.—By Elder John Morgan, 306.

STATEMENT OF PROMINENT NON-MORMONS: Opinions of the


Leading Statesmen of the United States on the Edmunds Law—Gentile
Opinions of the Mormon People—Statistics of Crime and Education—
Refutation of the Spaulding Story—Judge Summer Howard on the
Mountain Meadow Massacre—Rights of Self Government.—By Elder John
Morgan, 327.

JOSEPH SMITH. WAS HE A PROPHET OF GOD? AN INVESTIGATION


AND TESTIMONY: Books of the Bible Given to Meet the Special
Condition and Need of the People—Contents of the Pentateuch, the
Historical Books, the Poetical Books, the Prophetical Books—Interval of
Fifty Years—Revival of Prophecy—Restoration of the Jews—The Last
Prophets of the Old Covenant—Conclusions from the Foregoing—The
New Testament—The Four Gospels—Gospel According to Matthew, Mark,
Luke, St. John—Testimony of the Gospels—The Acts of the Apostles—The
Epistles—Prophecies of the New Testament—Difficulties in Ascertaining
the Meaning of the Scriptures—Christian Sects an Evidence—
Retrospective Evidence—Prospective Evidence—Direct Evidence—Moral
Evidence—Peculiarities of the Message—Effects of the Doctrine—Spiritual
Evidence.—By Elder J. M. Sjodahl, 350.

PIONEER SKETCHES—UTAH IN 1850: By Elder James H. Martin, in the


"Contributor," 1890, 429.

THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS: Its


Priesthood, Organization, Doctrines, Ordinances, and History.—By Elder
John Jaques, 435.
PLAIN TALKS TO PARENTS: Paragraphs taken from the Writings of
Apostle Orson Pratt, in the "Seer." 1853. 453.

MY REASONS FOR LEAVING THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND


JOINING THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY
SAINTS: Apostasy—Officers Necessary in the Church—Gifts of the Holy
Ghost—Baptism—Infant Baptism—Baptism for the Dead—Internal
Corruption of Early Christian Church—Reformation—History of Mormon
Church—Restoration—Book of Mormon.—By R. M. Bryce Thomas,
London, England, 458.

THE EARLY CHRISTIANS: Letter Written to the Emperor Trajan by Pliny


the Younger, while He was Governor of Bithynia. It is the First Connected
Account of Christ's Followers that has come to us from a Pagan source,
486.

REORGANIZATION WEIGHED: Presidency Permanency—Appointment


—Revelation on Permanent Order of Priesthood—Law of Lineage—
Ordination.—By German E. Ellsworth, 489.

A GOSPEL OUTLINE: A few of the Most Important Scriptural References


Bearing on the Gospel of Jesus Christ, Arranged in Logical Order, and
Designed to give to Missionaries—and all other Students of the Gospel—a
Working Knowledge of such Scriptural Quotations as may be Required
from the First.—By Elder Nephi Anderson, 503.

A CONTRAST BETWEEN THE DOCTRINE OF CHRIST AND THE


FALSE DOCTRINES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.—By Apostle
Parley P. Pratt, 517.

BAPTISM FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS, 526.

"GOOD TIDINGS" OF THE NEW AND EVERLASTING GOSPEL: First


Principles—Men Judged According to Their Works—Obedience to the
Gospel Necessary, 529.

A PLEA FOR MODERN REVELATION: By Apostle Orson Pratt, 533.


THE "UNKNOWN GOD" REVEALED: A Reply to a Georgia Editor's
Urgent Appeal for a Restoration of the "Old Time" Faith in a Personal and
Known God. The Godhead—Offices in the Church—How the Gospel
Should be Preached—First Principles—Christ and God visit the Earth in
these Latter Days—Persecution.—By Elder Ben. E. Rich, 536.

A GOSPEL LETTER: Written by Sister Lucy Mack Smith, the Mother of


the Prophet Joseph Smith. Oldest Gospel Letter in the Church, only recently
Discovered in New Hampshire, 543.

THE RESTORATION OF THE EVERLASTING GOSPEL: Joseph's First


Vision—Angel Moroni Appears to the Prophet—The Three Witnesses—
Aaronic and Melchizedek Priesthood Conferred—Persecution—Gathering
—Restoration.—By Apostle George Teasdale, 547.
DOCTRINAL INDEX.
Articles of Faith, 5.

Atonement, 5, 40, 213, 264, 507.

Authority, 6, 31, 38, 85, 132, 139, 152, 216, 225, 277, 289, 300, 442, 511.

Angel, Moroni visits the Prophet, 15, 96, 443, 547.

Apostasy, 31, 86, 226, 227, 228, 279, 290, 459, 512, 532.

Astronomy of Abraham, 100.

Administrations, 515.

Abraham, Book, 144.

Appointment of President, 489.

Adam, Sin of, 213.

Angels same class of beings as we are, 505.

Agency, Man's free, 213.

Adam visits the Earth, 296.

Baptism, 5, 30, 42, 43, 79, 127, 137, 149, 214, 273, 287, 313, 466, 508,
530.

Baptism, Mode of, 45, 52, 152, 153, 216, 509.

Baptism, Purpose of, 128, 151, 215, 274, 508. 526, 530.

Baptism for Dead, 89, 150, 252, 322, 470.


Baptism, Infant, 151, 216, 468, 509.

Baptism, History of, 508.

Book of Mormon, 6, 33, 56, 480, 513.

Book of Mormon, Attacks against, 27.

Book of Mormon published in many languages, 452.

Book of Mormon, What it is, 154, 237.

Book of Mormon, How to read the, 154, 160.

Book of Mormon Abridgments, 155.

Battalion, Mormon, 25, 59, 198.

Belief alone insufficient, 147.

Belief, Genuine, 147.

Books of the Bible, Synopsis of contents of: Pentateuch, 352; Historical


Books, 353; Poetical Books, 354; Prophetical Books, 354; Interval of Fifty
Years, 360; Revival of Prophecy, 360; Last Prophets of Old Testament, 368;
The New Testament, 371; The Four Gospels, 371; Matthew, 372; Mark,
373; Luke, 373; St. John, 373; Acts of the Apostles, 375; The Epistles, 377.

Christ, Personality of, 5.

Celestialized Earth, 516.

Cholera Predicted by the Prophet, 100. Christ's Second Coming, 109, 162,
515.

Contrast between the Doctrine of Christ and the False Doctrines of the
Nineteenth Century, 517.

Choir, Tabernacle, 199.


Christian Sects an Evidence, 390.

Christian, Early, by Pliny, 486.

Discovery, Corroborative, 104.

Degrees of Glory, 483, 516.

Dead Preached to, 150. Doctrines, 439.

Doctrine and Covenants Published, 452.

Evidence, Moral, 411.

Evidence, Direct, 306.

Evidence, Spiritual, 424.

Emigration to Rocky Mountains, 59, 106, 444, 452.

Elijah, Prophet, visits the Earth, 91, 144, 164, 296.

Eden, Location of Ancient, 101.

Extracts, Direct extracts from Isaiah in Book of Mormon, 158.

Education, Attitude of Mormons toward, 195.

Faith, 5, 30, 42, 137, 203, 207, 209, 270, 286, 311, 507.

Fall, The, 40, 213.

Future Existence, 316.

Father Revealed through the Son, 504.

Faith and Works, 148, 203, 508, 532.

Gifts, Spiritual, 6, 48, 220.


Gathering, 6, 62, 98, 165, 258, 297, 513, 550.

Gathering, Keys of, 143, 296.

Godhead, 29, 141, 208, 264, 504.

Godhead, Personality of, 503, 536, 537, 541.

God our Father in Heaven, 208.

Gifts of Spirit to remain, 219.

Government of Church, 35.

Gospel, Only one, 41, 121, 135, 136, 202, 529.

Growth of Church, 443.

Gospel Letter, Lucy Mack Smith, 543.

Harris, Martin, 19, 238.

Holy Ghost, 30, 47, 138, 209, 288, 510, 540.

Holy Ghost, Gifts of, 84, 138, 217, 277 464.

Holy Spirit of God, 209, 276.

History of Church, 442, 477.

Inspiration, Divine, 239.

Jerusalem, The New, 143.

Jesus Christ in express image of the Father, 208.

Jesus Christ the Son, 504.

Knowledge, Incentive to obtain, 201.


Knowledge of God Essential, 503.

Laying on of Hands, 5, 83, 129, 217, 276, 288, 314.

Loyalty of Mormons, 198.

Law of Lineage, 493.

Man may become perfect, 506.

Man's Spirit Immortal, 506.

Man punished for Actual Sins, 5.

Man Child of God, 505, 506.

Missionary Notes, 8.

Martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum, 23, 59.

Missionary Work, 26, 60, 195, 451.

Miracles, 129, 138.

Messenger, The Coming of a, 164, 168.

Mormons wronged by Press, 177.

Mission of Mormon Elders, 185.

Mountain Meadow Massacre, 187, 348.

Manuscript, Rejected, 191, 192.

Martyrdom, Night of the, 283.

Message, Peculiarities of the, 415.

Millennium, 516.
Marriage forever, 516.

Necessity of Holy Ghost in the Church, 221.

Necessity of Obedience to the Gospel, 531.

Organization, 6, 21, 53, 58, 60. 143. 437.

Ordination, 496.

Obedience, 78.

Officers, Early Civil, 446.

Omnipresence of God, 209.

Oaths, Test, 449.

Officers in the Church, 225, 278, 461, 511, 538.

Ordinances, 441.

Priesthood, Levitical, 224.

Plates, Joseph Views the, 17, 18.

Plates, Joseph Receives the, 55.

Priesthood, Aaronic, 20, 58. 60, 142, 223, 224, 295, 549.

Priesthood, 434, 443.

Priesthood, Melchizedek, 60, 142, 223, 234, 296, 549.

Priesthood, Permanent order of, 492.

Persecution, Missouri, 22, 59.

Persecution, Illinois, 25, 59.


Pioneer Days, 26.

Principles, First, 41, 126, 137, 147, 228, 483, 529, 539.

Prophecies fulfilled, 240, 259.

Pre-existence, 306, 505.

Preaching without Hire, 50, 539.

Papers and Periodicals, Church, 60.

Prophecy of the New Testament, 380.

Prophet Predicts Removal West, 106.

Prophet Predicts Escape from Enemies, 107.

Prophecy about Stephen A. Douglas, 107.

Plates, How Plates were Transmitted, 155.

Plates of Ether, 156.

Plates, Smaller Plates of Nephi, 156.

Persecution and Suffering, 197, 260, 261, 451, SIS, 542, 550.

Presidency Permanency, 486.

Prophecy Foretelling Civil War, 298.

Repentance, 5, 30, 43, 137, 148, 212, 272, 287, 313, 508.

Revelation, 6, 141, 242, 489, 511, 533.

Revelation, Spurious, Received, 490.

Removal to Kirtland, 21, 59.


Removal to Illinois, 22.

Restoration, 31, 87, 164, 166, 232, 280, 292, 478, 512, 532, 551.

Restored, Keys of Gathering, 171.

Restoration of the Jews, 366.

Reformation, 473.

Resurrection, 483, 506.

Organization Weighed, 489.

Smith, Prophet Joseph, 11, 91, 141, 349.

Smith Family, 18.

Scriptures, Difficulty in Ascertaining the Meaning of the, 383.

Salvation for the Dead, 32, 144, 247, 471, 514.

Societies, Auxiliary, 37.

Salvation, Exclusive, 66.

Salvation, Individual, 213, 507.

Salvation, 515.

Sins, Remission of, 214.

Sins of the World, 214.

Sabbath, The, 514.

Sacrament, 442, 514.

Signs, 114.
Spirits in Prison, 150, 471.

Spirits, Evil. 505.

Social Conditions among Mormons, 194.

Stories about Mormons, 196.

Statistics of Crime, 343.

Statistics of Education, 343.

Temples, 21, 26, 59, 143, 452.

Testimony of Non-Mormon Witnesses, 178.

Tithing, 514.

Tabernacle, Mormon, 193.

Testimony of Apostasy by Wesley, Smith's Bible Dictionary, Dr. Adam


Clark, Roger Williams, 303.

Testimony of the Gospel, 374.

Urim and Thummim, 54.

Universal Salvation, 201.

Unity of Church, 513.

Visions, Joseph's 13, 14, 15, 21, 53, 93, 142, 547.

Vicarious Work for Dead, Necessity of, 89, 90.

Valley, Salt Lake, 193.

Witnesses, The Three, 110, 168, 294, 548.

Work Accomplished by Prophet, 145.


Work, Temple, 201.

Witnesses, The Eight, 241.

Warning, Day of, 262.

Why we are here, 310, 506.


PREFACE.
In presenting Volumes 1 and 2 of Scrap Book of Mormon Literature, the
undersigned places within the reach of many of the saints a compilation of
religious tracts that have been used and distributed by the elders of the
Church in the performance of their missionary labors throughout different
nations of the earth. Some of these tracts are used at present by the elders
and have been instruments in the hands of the Lord of bringing thousands to
a knowledge of the faith. The same may be said concerning those that are
not now used, and which are contained within the covers of these volumes,
which were distributed by the elders who labored as missionaries in various
parts of the earth from thirty to sixty years ago. A religious tract contains
the condensed thoughts upon the fundamental principles of the Gospel and
the authors of many of these valuable documents, who were active in the
missionary field more than half a century ago, are remembered among the
brightest minds the Church has produced, they have now passed behind the
veil to receive Eternal reward for their faithfulness. There are a few people
in the Church who have bound volumes of religious tracts, which they have
gathered together from time to time and which they prize beyond the price
of money. This can be said by the compiler of these volumes and the
appreciation of the few volumes of religious pamphlets which he has
gathered in many missionary fields, and had bound together, conveyed to
him the thought that many of the saints would appreciate having within
their reach such valuable volumes. There is scarcely a man in the Church,
who has performed missionary labors in his life, who will not find in these
volumes something that will remind him of his missionary days, when
canvassing from house to house distributing the word of God; and no doubt
will bring back fond recollections of his missionary work. There are no
better volumes than these for a family to have within the reach of their
children, to enable them to make themselves acquainted with the
fundamental doctrines of the Restored Gospel of our Lord and Savior.
These documents will be invaluable to young men and ladies who are
preparing themselves for future missionary work. The Seventies, whose
special calling it is to carry the Gospel abroad, will be benefited by perusing
these pages. Many of the saints, by studying them, will remember the days
of their conversion to the Gospel and will appreciate the manner in which
they are now preserved for future generations. In reading these pamphlets
one must understand that the Church has been a system of growth and while
we have not changed in any manner the originality of the tracts, the reader
will note that in giving the statistics the Church has had a wonderful growth
since the first issuance of the pamphlets. It has been a labor of love upon
the part of the compiler, who sincerely hopes to produce another volume at
some future date that will make the compilation complete in every respect.

With a heart full of gratitude to God the Eternal Father for honoring me as
He has done, in permitting me to take part in the spread of the Gospel, and
praying His blessings upon those who may read the pages of these volumes,
I remain,

Yours faithfully,

BEN. E. RICH.
ARTICLES OF FAITH OF THE
CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF
LATTER-DAY SAINTS.
1. We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in His Son, Jesus Christ, and
in the Holy Ghost.

PERSONALITY OF GOD.—Gen. i. 26, 27; v. 1; ix. 6; xviii; xxxii, 24-


30; Ex. xxiv. 9, 11; xxxiii. 9-11, 20-23; Num. xii. 7, 8; John v. 19, 20;
Acts vii. 55, 56; Phil. ii. 5-8; Heb. i. 3.

PERSONALITY OF CHRIST.—Matt. iii. 17; John v. 26, 27; xv. xvi.


xvii.; 1 Tim. ii. 5; 1 John v. 7.

HOLY GHOST.—Isaiah xi. 1-3; lxi. 1; Matt. iii. 16; Mark i. 10; Luke
iii. 22; John i. 32, 33; xvi. 13, 14; Acts i. 5; ii. 4; viii. 17-19; xix. 2-6.

2. We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for
Adam's transgression.

MAN PUNISHED FOR ACTUAL SINS.—Jer. xvii. 10; Matt. xii. 36,
37; xvi. 27; 2 Cor. v. 10; Rev. xx. 12-15.

3. We believe that, through the atonement of Christ, all mankind may be


saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel.

ATONEMENT OF CHRIST.—Isa. liii.; Acts iv. 12; Rom. v. 12-19; 1


John i. 7-10.

4. We believe that the first principles and ordinances of the Gospel are:
First, faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; second, Repentance; third, Baptism by
immersion for the remission of sins; fourth, Laying on of hands for the Gift
of the Holy Ghost.
FAITH, REPENTANCE, BAPTISM AND LAYING ON OF HANDS.
—Heb. xi.; Rom. i. 16, 17; x. 14, 15; Jas. ii. 14-26; Mark xvi. 15, 16;
Acts ii. 38, 39; 2 Cor. vii. 9, 10; Isa. lv. 6, 7; Eph. iv. 25-32; Luke xiii.
3; Matt. iv. 17; Acts viii. 14-17; xix. 1-6; John iii. 5; Heb. vi. 1, 2.

5. We believe that a man must be called of God, by "prophecy and by the


laying on of hands," by those who are in authority, to preach the gospel and
administer in the ordinances thereof.

CALLED OF GOD.—Mark iii. 14; John xv. 16; xvii. 18; Acts xiii. 1-
4; xiv. 23; Rom. x. 14, 15; Gal. i. 8-16; 1 Tim. ii. 7; Heb. iii. 1; v. 4-10;
1 Peter ii. 5-9: Rev. v. 9, 10.

6. We believe in the same organization that existed in the primitive church,


viz: apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, etc.

ORGANIZATION.—1 Cor. xii; Eph. ii. 19-22; iv.

7. We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions, healing,


interpretation of tongues, etc.

SPIRITUAL GIFTS.—Mark xvi. 15-20; John xiv. 12; Acts ii. 17; 1
Cor. xii; 1 Thess. v. 19, 20; James v. 14, 15.

8. We believe the Bible to be the Word of God, as far as it is translated


correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the Word of God.

BOOK OF MORMON—Isaiah xxix. 4, 9-24; Ezekiel xxxvii. 15-28;


Hosea viii. 12; John x. 16.

9. We believe all that God has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we
believe that He will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining
to the kingdom of God.

LATTER-DAY REVELATIONS.—Ezekiel xx. 35, 36; Joel ii. 28, 29;


Amos iii. 7; Mic. ii. 6, 7; Mal. iii. 1-4; iv; Acts ii. 17, 18; Jas. i. 5, 6;
Rev. xiv-6.
10. We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and the restoration of the
Ten Tribes. That Zion will be built upon the American continent. That
Christ will reign personally upon the earth, and that the earth will be
renewed and receive its paradisiacal glory.

GATHERING—Neh. i. 8, 9; Ps. 1. 5; cvii. 1, 7; Isa. ii. 2, 3; v. 26, 27;


xi. 11-16; xliii. 5-9; xlix. 21; lx. 4, 5; Jer. iii. 14, 15; xvi 14-16; xxiii. 3-
8; xxx. 1-8; xxxi. 8-12; xxxii. 37-39; 1. 4, 5; Ezek. xx. 33-38; xxxix.
28; Zech. xiv.; Matt. xxiv. 31; John xi. 52; Eph. i. 10; Rev. xviii. 4.

11. We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according to the


dictates of our conscience, and allow all men the same privilege; let them
worship how, where or what they may.

12. We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers and magistrates,


in obeying, honoring and sustaining the law.

13. We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, and in


doing good to all men; indeed, we may say that we follow the admonition
of Paul "We believe all things, we hope all things," we have endured many
things, and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous,
lovely or of good report, or praiseworthy, we seek after these things.

JOSEPH SMITH.

"When the Twelve or any other witnesses


stand before the congregations of the earth,
and preach by the power and demonstration
of the Spirit of God, and the people are
astonished and confounded at the doctrine
and say: 'That man has preached a powerful
discourse, a great sermon,' then let that man,
or those men, take care that they are humble
and ascribe the praise and glory to God and
the Lamb; for it is by the power of the Holy
Priesthood and Holy Ghost that they thus
speak. What art thou, O man, but dust? and
from whom dost thou receive thy power and
blessings but from God?"

—Joseph Smith, The Prophet.


NOTES TO BE REFERRED TO DAILY
BY MISSIONARIES.
Each missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is
endowed with the Holy Priesthood of God, and is sent forth as a minister of
the restored Gospel of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. He is believed to
be morally clean and upright, and should keep himself pure, sweet, and
unspotted from the sins of the world. He should avoid and resist the very
appearance of evil, and after performing an honorable mission, should
return to his home with clean hands and a pure heart. Among the many
items of counsel given by the authorities of the Church before his departure
for the mission field, he should have the following indelibly stamped upon
his mind and heart:

1. Keep a brief, daily journal of your life's labors, especially of all your
official acts.

2. Do all things with a prayerful heart; pray vocally morning and evening,
oftener when necessary, and pray secretly every day. Make each prayer
appropriate to the occasion, as those for the Sacrament and Baptism are.

3. Invariably keep the Word of Wisdom, refraining from the use of tea,
coffee, tobacco and intoxicating drinks.

4. Guard against familiarity with womankind. There must be no sparking,


kissing, or embracing of woman—your kisses should be for home
consumption, and be brought home to your loved ones, where they belong.
Kissing and hugging aside from this lead to immorality, and a fallen brother
not only crucifies himself, but brings misery and woe to the kindred of both
parties. Immorality is the bane of missionary life. There is little more
enticing, and nothing more dangerous and deadly.
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