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Astable multivibrator

The document outlines the design and implementation of an Astable Multivibrator using the IC 555, detailing the theoretical basis for its operation, including time period and duty cycle calculations. It describes the necessary apparatus, the procedure for setting up the experiment, and how to observe and compare the practical results with theoretical expectations. The key formulas for calculating time periods, frequency, and duty cycle are provided, along with expected waveform diagrams.

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tirthankardatta904
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2 views

Astable multivibrator

The document outlines the design and implementation of an Astable Multivibrator using the IC 555, detailing the theoretical basis for its operation, including time period and duty cycle calculations. It describes the necessary apparatus, the procedure for setting up the experiment, and how to observe and compare the practical results with theoretical expectations. The key formulas for calculating time periods, frequency, and duty cycle are provided, along with expected waveform diagrams.

Uploaded by

tirthankardatta904
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXP. No.

: ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING IC 555


AIM: To design an Astable Multivibrator using IC555 and
timeperiod and duty cycle. compareit'stheoretical and practical

APPARATUS: Bread Board, CRO, Probes, Connecting wires, 555 Timer IC, Resistors,
Capacitors
THEORY: An Astable multivibrator, often called a free-running
generating circuit. Unlike the Monostable multivibrator, this circuitMultivibrator,
does not
is a rectangular-wave
require an
to change the state of the output, hence the name
free running. However, the time duringexternal trigger
which the
output is either high or low is determináte by the Two
connected to the 555 timer. resistors and a capacitor, which are externally

Figure 1shows the 555 timer connected as an Astable


capacitor C starts charging towards Vcc through multivibrator. Initially, when the output is high,
RA and RB. However as soon as voltage
capacitor equals 2/3 Voc, comparator 1triggers the flip-flop, and the across the
-capacitor starts discharging through Rp and the transistor Q 1. When the
C output switches low. Now the
Vcc, comparator 2's output triggers the flip-flop, and the voltage across C equals 1/3
output voltage and the capacitor output goes high. Then the
voltage waveforms are shown in the following figures. cycle repeats. The
As shown in this figure, the capacitor is
periodically
Vcc, respectively. The time during which the capacitorcharged and discharged between 2/3 Vcc and 1/3
time the output is high and is given by charges from 1/3 Vcc to 2/3 Vcc is equal to the

to = 0.69 (RA + RB) C (1)


Similarly, the time during which the capacitor discharges from 2/3 Vce to 1/3
the output is low and is given by Vcc is equal to the time
td =0.69 (RR)C (2)
Thus the total time period of the waveform is
T=tttd = 0.69(RA+ 2RB) (3)
Therefore the frequency of oscillation is fo = 1/T= 1.45/(RA+ 2R)C
And
%Duty cycle = (t/T *100 (4)
+5V

RA 4
Output
RB
555
5
.01 uF
C

Figure 1: The 555 as an


Astable Mulivibrator

ECE, NITD
Vo
2
Vcc
Capacitor
1
Vcc Voltage
Vout
1
Output
Voltage

T
Expected WavelforMS.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the
Switch ON thecomponents/equipment
2.
as shown in the circuit diagram.
power supply.
3. Connect channel-1 of CRO to the output (Pin 3).
4 Observe the output voltage and rote down the time period and duty cycle.
5. Now connect channel-2 of CRO across capacitor and observe the
down. voltage across the capacitor and note it
6. Compare the practical time period and duty cycle.
CALCULATIONS:( THEORETICAL): Time periods t, =0.69 (RA +R) C=?
Total timne period of the waveform, T =t,+ ty =?, Frequencyt=0.69
=?
(Rg)C=?
% Duty Cycle (t/T) *100
RESULT:Output waveforms, Time Period, %Duty Cycle, RA, RB, C, Frequency

8+Vcc
7

TwGH Tiow
Voc

TIME
R
U CAPAGITOR CAPACITOR
THROUGH DISCHARGES
THROUGH
2 (RARa) RA
3Vcc

TIME,t

Internal Circuitry With Exlerual Connections Capacilor and Output Volage Waveform
ECE, NITD

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