GROUP MEMBERS

1. FETLEWORK TENAW- RAD/0846/2017

2. SELAMAWIT SELEMON- RAD/0858/2017
3. SIPARA BERHANU- RAD/0861/2017
4. JANYA ABERA- RAD/1640/2017
5. SEMEGNE YIRGAW- RAD/0859/2017
6. DEMEREW HILU- RAD/ /2017

INSTRUCTOR NAME: YIDNEKACHEW EJIGU

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SUBMISSION DATE: FEB 19,2025
Table of Contents
1. What is Autonomic computing .................................................................................................................... 2
2. Overview of Autonomic Computing ........................................................................................................... 2
3. Step-by-Step Procedure of Autonomic Computing and Its Description ................................................. 4
1. Monitor ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Analyze ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
3. Plan ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
4. Execute ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
5. Knowledge Base (K in MAPE-K)............................................................................................................ 5
6. Feedback Loop and Continuous Improvement ..................................................................................... 6
7. Real-World Applications ......................................................................................................................... 6
4. Why We Use Autonomic Computing Technology ..................................................................................... 6
1. Reducing Complexity and Human Intervention.................................................................................... 6
2. Enhancing System Availability and Reliability ..................................................................................... 7
3. Optimizing Performance and Resource Utilization .............................................................................. 7
4. Enhancing Security and Resilience ......................................................................................................... 7
5. Reducing Operational Costs and Increasing Efficiency ....................................................................... 8
6. Supporting Scalability and Flexibility .................................................................................................... 8
7. Enabling Adaptive and Intelligent Systems ........................................................................................... 8
8. Driving Innovation and Digital Transformation ................................................................................... 9
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Autonomic Computing Technology .................................................. 9
Advantages of Autonomic Computing: ...................................................................................................... 9
Disadvantages of Autonomic Computing:................................................................................................ 10
6. Application of Autonomic Computing in Accounting ............................................................................. 11
1. Automated Financial Reporting and Analysis ..................................................................................... 11
2. Self-Managing Audit and Compliance Checks .................................................................................... 12
3. Intelligent Expense Management .......................................................................................................... 12
4. Dynamic Tax Calculation and Filing .................................................................................................... 12
5. Enhanced Security and Fraud Detection ............................................................................................. 12
7. Conclusion on Autonomic Computing...................................................................................................... 12
8. Recommendations for Implementing Autonomic Computing ............................................................... 13
Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
References: .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

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 Autonomic computing
1. What is Autonomic computing

Autonomic Computing is a self-managing computing model inspired by the human body's autonomic nervous
system. It aims to create systems that can manage themselves without human intervention. These systems can
automatically configure, heal, optimize, and protect themselves.

Key Features of Autonomic Computing:

1. Self-Configuration: Automatically adjusts to changes in the environment or workload.

2. Self-Healing: Detects, diagnoses, and repairs faults without human intervention.
3. Self-Optimization: Continuously monitors resources and optimizes performance.
4. Self-Protection: Identifies and protects against cyber threats and security breaches.

Example Applications:

• Cloud computing platforms that automatically scale resources.

• Database systems that perform automatic backups and recovery.
• Network security systems that adapt to new threats.

2. Overview of Autonomic Computing

Autonomic Computing is an approach to building self-managing computing systems that reduce the complexity
of IT management. Inspired by the human autonomic nervous system, these systems can automatically handle
configuration, optimization, healing, and security tasks with minimal human intervention.

Goals of Autonomic Computing:

1. Self-Management: Systems manage themselves according to high-level goals set by administrators.

2. Reduced Complexity: Minimizes the need for human intervention in IT management.
3. Improved Efficiency: Optimizes resource utilization and performance automatically.
4. Enhanced Security and Reliability: Protects against threats and recovers from failures autonomously.

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Core Characteristics:

1. Self-Configuration: Automatically configures and reconfigures itself as per the environment.

2. Self-Healing: Detects, diagnoses, and repairs problems without external intervention.
3. Self-Optimization: Continuously monitors and adjusts resources for optimal performance.
4. Self-Protection: Identifies and defends against security breaches and attacks.

Architecture of Autonomic Computing:

• Managed Elements: Hardware and software components under autonomic management.

• Autonomic Manager: The brain of the system that monitors and controls managed elements.
• Sensors and Effectors: Collect data and implement changes, respectively.
• Knowledge Base: Stores data, rules, and policies for decision-making.

Benefits:

• Reduced Operational Costs: Minimizes manual interventions and maintenance costs.

• Increased Reliability: Systems can self-repair, reducing downtime.
• Scalability and Flexibility: Easily adapts to changing workloads and requirements.

Challenges:

• Complexity in Design and Implementation: Creating intelligent, adaptive systems is complex.

• Security Concerns: Self-managing systems may introduce new security risks.
• Lack of Standardization: No universal standards for autonomic systems exist yet.

Examples and Applications:

1. Cloud Computing: Auto-scaling and resource management in platforms like AWS and Azure.
2. Network Management: Self-configuring and self-healing networks.
3. Database Systems: Automated backup, recovery, and optimization.
4. Cybersecurity: Adaptive security systems that respond to emerging threats in real-time.

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Future Outlook:

Autonomic computing is expected to play a crucial role in emerging technologies, including:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): Enabling more intelligent self-managing
systems.
• Internet of Things (IoT): Managing vast networks of connected devices autonomously.
• Edge Computing: Decentralized autonomic systems to support real-time data processing.

3. Step-by-Step Procedure of Autonomic Computing and Its Description

Autonomic computing systems operate through a structured, self-managing approach inspired by the human
nervous system. They follow a cycle known as the MAPE-K Loop, which consists of four main steps: Monitor,
Analyze, Plan, and Execute, supported by a Knowledge Base. Here's a detailed breakdown:

1. Monitor

• Description:
o The system continuously collects data from sensors embedded within hardware and software
components.
o This data includes metrics such as performance, resource usage, security events, and system health.
• Purpose:
o To gain real-time visibility into the system’s status and environment.
o To detect any anomalies or changes that require attention.
• Example:
o In cloud computing, monitoring tools track CPU usage, memory consumption, and network traffic

2. Analyze

• Description:
o The autonomic manager analyzes the monitored data to identify patterns, trends, or irregularities.

o Advanced algorithms, often powered by AI and machine learning, are used to predict potential issues
or opportunities for optimization.
• Purpose:
o To make informed decisions based on historical and real-time data.
o To understand the root cause of problems or inefficiencies.

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 • Example:
o Analyzing network traffic to detect unusual patterns that might indicate a security threat.

3. Plan

• Description:
o Based on the analysis, the system formulates a strategy to resolve issues or optimize performance.

o This involves creating action plans, scheduling tasks, and determining resource allocation.
o The plans are aligned with high-level business policies or goals set by administrators.
• Purpose:
o To define a course of action that maintains or enhances system performance and security.
o To ensure the system adapts to changes effectively and efficiently.
• Example:
o Planning to scale up cloud resources in response to increased user demand.

4. Execute

• Description:
o The system executes the planned actions using effectors (automated actuators).

o Changes are implemented in real-time, including configuration updates, security patches, or resource
reallocations.
• Purpose:
o To autonomously adjust the system according to the defined plan.
o To maintain optimal performance, security, and reliability without human intervention.
• Example:
o Automatically deploying additional servers during peak usage to ensure consistent application
performance.

5. Knowledge Base (K in MAPE-K)

• Description:
o A central repository that stores historical data, policies, rules, and system models.
o It continuously learns and updates itself with new information from the monitor and analyze phases.
• Purpose:
o To provide context and insights for decision-making.
o To enable adaptive learning and improve system intelligence over time.

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 • Example:
o Using historical performance data to predict future resource needs.

6. Feedback Loop and Continuous Improvement

• The MAPE-K loop is a continuous cycle, ensuring that the system is always aware, adaptive, and responsive.
• This feedback loop allows the system to learn from its actions and outcomes, continuously improving its
efficiency and accuracy.

7. Real-World Applications

1. Cloud Computing: Auto-scaling, load balancing, and fault tolerance in platforms like AWS and Azure.
2. Network Security: Intrusion detection systems that adapt to new cyber threats.
3. Healthcare: Intelligent patient monitoring systems that autonomously adjust treatment protocols.
4. Smart Cities: Self-managing infrastructure, such as energy grids and traffic management systems.

4. Why We Use Autonomic Computing Technology

Autonomic computing technology is used to simplify and enhance the management of complex computing systems.
It enables systems to self-manage, reducing the need for human intervention. Here are the main reasons for using
autonomic computing:

1. Reducing Complexity and Human Intervention

• Description:
o Modern IT systems are highly complex, with interconnected networks, servers, and applications.
o Managing these systems manually is challenging, time-consuming, and prone to human error.
• Benefit:
o Autonomic computing automates routine tasks like configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting.
o It reduces the need for human administrators to perform repetitive tasks, allowing them to focus on
strategic activities.
• Example:
o In cloud computing, autonomic systems automatically allocate resources based on demand, reducing
manual scaling efforts.

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2. Enhancing System Availability and Reliability

• Description:
o Downtime and system failures can lead to significant financial losses and productivity disruptions.
o Autonomic computing enables self-healing, allowing systems to detect and fix issues without human
intervention.
• Benefit:
o Increases system uptime and reliability by proactively addressing potential failures.
o Ensures continuous availability of critical applications and services.
• Example:
o An autonomic database system can automatically recover from data corruption or hardware failures.

3. Optimizing Performance and Resource Utilization

• Description:
o Efficient resource management is essential to maximize performance and minimize operational
costs.
o Autonomic computing continuously monitors and adjusts resources to optimize performance.
• Benefit:
o Improves system efficiency by dynamically allocating resources as needed.
o Reduces energy consumption and operational expenses by scaling resources according to demand.
• Example:
o In cloud platforms, autonomic systems scale virtual machines during high traffic and reduce them
during low usage.

4. Enhancing Security and Resilience

• Description:
o Cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated, requiring systems to respond in real-time.
o Autonomic computing enables self-protection by automatically detecting and responding to security
threats.
• Benefit:
o Protects systems from cyber-attacks, data breaches, and unauthorized access.
o Ensures compliance with security policies and regulatory standards.

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 • Example:
o An autonomic security system can automatically block suspicious network traffic and initiate
security protocols.

5. Reducing Operational Costs and Increasing Efficiency

• Description:
o Traditional IT management requires significant human resources, increasing operational costs.
o Autonomic computing reduces the need for manual monitoring, maintenance, and troubleshooting.
• Benefit:
o Lowers operational costs by automating repetitive tasks.
o Increases productivity by allowing IT teams to focus on innovation rather than maintenance.
• Example:
o Automated patch management systems that update software without manual intervention.

6. Supporting Scalability and Flexibility

• Description:
o Businesses need scalable systems that can adapt to changing demands and growth.
o Autonomic computing systems are highly adaptable, allowing dynamic scaling and configuration.
• Benefit:
o Enhances scalability and flexibility by automatically adjusting resources to meet demand.
o Supports cloud-native architectures and hybrid cloud environments.
• Example:
o E-commerce platforms that scale automatically during peak sales periods.

7. Enabling Adaptive and Intelligent Systems

• Description:
o Autonomic computing uses AI and machine learning to make intelligent decisions.
o Systems learn from historical data, improving their decision-making and adaptability over time.
• Benefit:
o Enables predictive maintenance and proactive problem-solving.
o Enhances user experience by adapting to user behavior and preferences.

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 • Example:
o Smart cities using autonomic computing to manage traffic flow and energy consumption.

8. Driving Innovation and Digital Transformation

• Description:
o Autonomic computing is foundational for emerging technologies like IoT, AI, and edge computing.
o It supports the development of intelligent, self-managing applications and systems.
• Benefit:
o Accelerates digital transformation by enabling smarter and more efficient systems.
o Facilitates the creation of innovative products and services in industries like healthcare, finance, and
manufacturing.
• Example:

5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Autonomic Computing Technology

Autonomic computing aims to create self-managing systems that reduce complexity and human intervention. While
it offers numerous benefits, it also comes with certain challenges and limitations. Here's an overview:

Advantages of Autonomic Computing:

1. Reduced Complexity and Human Intervention

o Description: Automates routine tasks like configuration, monitoring, and maintenance.
o Benefit: IT staff can focus on strategic initiatives rather than repetitive tasks.
o Example: Cloud platforms automatically manage resource scaling and load balancing.

2. Increased Availability and Reliability

o Description: Systems can detect and repair faults autonomously, reducing downtime.
o Benefit: Ensures high availability of applications and services.
o Example: Self-healing servers automatically reroute traffic during hardware failures.

3. Optimized Performance and Resource Utilization

o Description: Continuously monitors and optimizes resource usage for efficiency.
o Benefit: Maximizes performance while minimizing costs.
o Example: Dynamic resource allocation in cloud computing based on demand.

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 4. Enhanced Security and Threat Response
o Description: Automatically detects and responds to security threats in real-time.
o Benefit: Provides proactive protection against cyber-attacks.
o Example: Intrusion detection systems that autonomously block malicious traffic.

5. Cost Efficiency
o Description: Reduces operational costs by minimizing manual interventions and downtime.
o Benefit: Lower maintenance costs and increased productivity.
o Example: Automated software updates and patch management.

6. Scalability and Flexibility

o Description: Systems can automatically scale up or down based on workload demands.
o Benefit: Seamlessly handles varying user demands and business growth.
o Example: E-commerce platforms scaling during peak shopping periods.

7. Intelligent Decision-Making
o Description: Utilizes AI and machine learning for predictive analysis and decision-making.
o Benefit: Enables proactive management and optimization of IT resources.
o Example: Predictive maintenance in manufacturing using anomaly detection.

Disadvantages of Autonomic Computing:

1. Complex Implementation and Design

o Description: Designing self-managing systems is complex and resource-intensive.

o Challenge: Requires advanced AI algorithms, sensors, and effectors.

o Impact: Increased initial development costs and time.

2. Security and Privacy Concerns

o Description: Self-managing systems can be vulnerable to security breaches if compromised.
o Challenge: Automated decision-making could be exploited by attackers.
o Impact: Increased risk of data breaches and unauthorized access.

3. Dependency on AI and Machine Learning

o Description: Relies heavily on AI models, which require accurate data for training.
o Challenge: Inaccurate or biased data can lead to incorrect decisions.
o Impact: Potential for system errors or unintended consequences.
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 4. Lack of Standardization and Interoperability
o Description: No universal standards exist for autonomic computing systems.
o Challenge: Integration with existing systems can be difficult.
o Impact: Compatibility issues and increased complexity in hybrid environments.

5. High Initial Costs and Investment

o Description: Implementing autonomic computing requires significant investment in technology and
skills.
o Challenge: Small and medium-sized enterprises may find it cost-prohibitive.
o Impact: High upfront costs may delay return on investment (ROI).

6. Loss of Human Control and Transparency

o Description: Systems make autonomous decisions, reducing human oversight.
o Challenge: Lack of transparency in decision-making processes.
o Impact: Trust issues and potential ethical concerns.

7. Skills and Expertise Requirement

o Description: Requires specialized knowledge in AI, machine learning, and system integration.
o Challenge: Shortage of skilled professionals in the field.
o Impact: Increased training and hiring costs and safety management.

6. Application of Autonomic Computing in Accounting

In the accounting field, autonomic computing enhances efficiency, accuracy, and security by automating complex
financial tasks. Here are some key applications:

1. Automated Financial Reporting and Analysis

• Description: Autonomic systems automatically generate financial reports, perform data analysis, and
identify trends.
• Benefit: Reduces manual data entry errors and speeds up reporting cycles.
• Example: Real-time financial dashboards that update automatically with accurate financial metrics.

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2. Self-Managing Audit and Compliance Checks

• Description: Continuously monitors transactions for compliance with financial regulations and internal
policies.
• Benefit: Ensures regulatory compliance and reduces audit preparation time.
• Example: Automated audit trails that detect discrepancies or fraudulent activities.

3. Intelligent Expense Management

• Description: Automatically categorizes and verifies expenses using machine learning algorithms.
• Benefit: Minimizes manual expense reconciliation and enhances accuracy.
• Example: Automated expense approvals based on predefined company policies.

4. Dynamic Tax Calculation and Filing

• Description: Calculates taxes in real-time based on changing tax laws and financial transactions.
• Benefit: Ensures accurate tax filings and compliance with evolving tax regulations.
• Example: Automatic generation of tax reports with self-updating tax rates.

5. Enhanced Security and Fraud Detection

• Description: Continuously monitors financial transactions for unusual patterns, preventing fraud.
• Benefit: Protects sensitive financial data and enhances cybersecurity.
• Example: Real-time alerts for suspicious transactions or unauthorized access attempts.

7. Conclusion on Autonomic Computing

Autonomic computing revolutionizes IT management by enabling systems to self-manage, self-heal, and self-
optimize with minimal human intervention. Inspired by the human nervous system, it enhances efficiency,
reliability, and security across complex computing environments. By leveraging the MAPE-K loop (Monitor,
Analyze, Plan, Execute, and Knowledge Base), autonomic systems adapt to changing demands, optimize resource
utilization, and proactively resolve issues.

Despite its numerous advantages—such as reduced complexity, cost efficiency, and enhanced security—autonomic
computing also presents challenges, including complex implementation, high initial costs, and security concerns
related to autonomous decision-making. As technology continues to evolve, autonomic computing is poised to play
a critical role in driving digital transformation, particularly in cloud computing, cybersecurity, IoT, and artificial
intelligence applications.

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 8. Recommendations for Implementing Autonomic Computing

✓ Start Small and Scale Gradually

✓ Begin with automating specific tasks or processes before fully integrating autonomic systems.
✓ This approach minimizes risks and allows for gradual adaptation.
✓ Focus on Security and Compliance
✓ Implement robust security measures and regular audits to ensure data integrity and compliance with
regulations.
✓ Consider self-protection features to guard against cyber threats.
✓ Leverage AI and Machine Learning
✓ Use advanced AI algorithms for predictive analytics and intelligent decision-making.
✓ Continuously update and train AI models to enhance accuracy and adaptability.
✓ Invest in Skilled Talent and Training
✓ Ensure your team is equipped with the necessary skills in AI, machine learning, and systems integration.
✓ Continuous training programs are essential to keep up with evolving technologies.
✓ Ensure Interoperability and Standardization
✓ Choose platforms and solutions that are compatible with existing systems and industry standards.
✓ This reduces integration complexity and promotes scalability.
✓ Monitor, Evaluate, and Optimize
✓ Continuously monitor system performance and collect feedback for improvement.
✓ Regular evaluations ensure that autonomic systems meet business goals efficiently.
✓ Align with Business Objectives
✓ Ensure that the deployment of autonomic computing aligns with strategic business goals.
✓ Focus on areas where automation can provide the highest impact, such as cost reduction, productivity, or
customer experience.

Summary

Autonomic computing is a transformative technology with the potential to optimize IT operations, enhance security,
and drive innovation. By implementing a strategic and phased approach, businesses can effectively leverage its
benefits while minimizing risks. With continued advancements in AI and cloud computing, autonomic systems will
play a vital role in the future of IT management.

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References:

• Kephart, J.O., & Chess, D.M. (2003). The vision of autonomic computing. Computer, 36(1), 41-50.
• Horn, P. (2001). Autonomic Computing: IBM's Perspective on the State of Information Technology. IBM
Corporation.
• Wikipedia contributors. (2023, December 15). Autonomic computing. In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved from
• Curry, E., & Grace, P. (2008). Flexible Self-Management Using the Model–View–Controller Pattern. IEEE
Software, 25(3), 84-90.
• Modules

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