Experiment 7
Experiment 7
Convolutional Neural Network (VGG16) for Image Classification**. It includes the title,
aim, objectives, step-by-step explanation with code, example output, and conclusion,
all formatted for clarity using markdown.
---
### Title
### Aim
To utilize the VGG16 deep learning model for classifying images into different
categories.
### Objectives
---
```python
import tensorflow as tf
```
**Explanation**:
---
```python
model = VGG16(weights="imagenet")
```
**Explanation**:
- Loads the VGG16 model pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset, which includes 1,000
object categories (e.g., dogs, cats, cars).
---
```python
plt.imshow(img)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
```
**Explanation**:
- Loads an image from the specified path and resizes it to 224x224 pixels, the input
size required by VGG16.
---
```python
img_array = image.img_to_array(img)
```
**Explanation**:
- Adds a batch dimension to match VGG16’s expected input shape: `(1, 224, 224, 3)`.
---
```python
predictions = model.predict(img_array)
```
**Explanation**:
---
### Example Output
If the input image is of a dog, the output might look like this:
```
3. Beagle: 0.03
```
**Explanation**:
- The model identifies the image as a "Labrador retriever" with 85% confidence,
followed by less likely options like "Golden retriever" and "Beagle."
---
For specific tasks, VGG16 can be adapted for feature extraction and paired with
custom classification layers.
```python
layer.trainable = False
```
**Explanation**:
---
model = models.Sequential([
base_model,
layers.Flatten(),
layers.Dense(256, activation="relu"),
layers.Dropout(0.5),
])
```
**Explanation**:
- Adds a dense layer with 256 neurons and ReLU activation for custom feature
learning.
- Adds an output layer with softmax activation for multi-class classification (e.g., 10
classes).
---
```python
model.compile(optimizer="adam", loss="categorical_crossentropy",
metrics=["accuracy"])
```
**Explanation**:
---
### Step 9: Train the Model
```python
```
**Explanation**:
- Leverages VGG16’s pre-trained features for faster and more effective training.
---
## Expected Outcome
---
## Conclusion
- It can be directly applied for quick predictions or fine-tuned with custom layers for
specialized tasks.
- This experiment highlights the power of transfer learning, reducing training time and
improving performance on new datasets.
---
This solution provides everything you need to implement and understand VGG16 for
image classification. To test it, install TensorFlow and Matplotlib, replace
`"path_to_your_image.jpg"` with an actual image path, and run the code in a Python
environment.