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Math notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on linear equalities and inequalities, including definitions, solving methods, and graphing techniques. It covers topics such as simple linear equations, inequalities, systems of inequalities, and their applications in real-life scenarios. Key concepts include the transitive property, the effects of multiplying or dividing by negative numbers, and the importance of graphing solutions.

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2 views

Math notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on linear equalities and inequalities, including definitions, solving methods, and graphing techniques. It covers topics such as simple linear equations, inequalities, systems of inequalities, and their applications in real-life scenarios. Key concepts include the transitive property, the effects of multiplying or dividing by negative numbers, and the importance of graphing solutions.

Uploaded by

elcidadriano.abiva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are your Math Notes on Linear Equalities and Inequalities:

Linear Equalities and Inequalities Class Notes


1. Introduction to Linear Equalities and Inequalities

 A linear equation or equality is an equation of the form:

ax+b=0ax + b = 0

where aa and bb are constants, and xx is the variable. The graph of a linear equation is a
straight line.

 A linear inequality is an inequality that involves linear expressions. The general form is:

ax+b>0orax+b<0orax+b≥0orax+b≤0ax + b > 0 \quad \text{or} \quad ax + b < 0 \quad \


text{or} \quad ax + b \geq 0 \quad \text{or} \quad ax + b \leq 0

Linear inequalities represent a region on a number line or coordinate plane.

2. Solving Linear Equations

2.1 Solving a Simple Linear Equation

A linear equation is solved by isolating the variable xx.

Example: Solve 2x+3=112x + 3 = 11

Steps:

1. Subtract 3 from both sides:

2x=82x = 8

2. Divide both sides by 2:

x=4x = 4

2.2 Solving Linear Equations with Fractions

Example: Solve 3x4−2=6\frac{3x}{4} - 2 = 6


Steps:

1. Add 2 to both sides:

3x4=8\frac{3x}{4} = 8

2. Multiply both sides by 4 to eliminate the fraction:

3x=323x = 32

3. Divide both sides by 3:

x=323x = \frac{32}{3}

3. Solving Linear Inequalities

3.1 Solving a Simple Linear Inequality

A linear inequality is solved in much the same way as a linear equation, except that the
inequality symbol is involved.

Example: Solve 2x+5≤92x + 5 \leq 9

Steps:

1. Subtract 5 from both sides:

2x≤42x \leq 4

2. Divide both sides by 2:

x≤2x \leq 2

The solution is x≤2x \leq 2, which means all values of xx less than or equal to 2 are solutions.

3.2 Solving Linear Inequalities with Negative Numbers

When multiplying or dividing by a negative number, reverse the inequality sign.

Example: Solve −3x>12-3x > 12

Steps:

1. Divide both sides by -3 and reverse the inequality sign:


x<−4x < -4

The solution is x<−4x < -4.

3.3 Graphing Linear Inequalities

Linear inequalities can be graphed on a number line or coordinate plane.

 For ax+b≤cax + b \leq c or ax+b≥cax + b \geq c:


Use a solid line or dot to indicate the inclusion of the boundary.
 For ax+b<cax + b < c or ax+b>cax + b > c:
Use an open circle or dashed line to indicate that the boundary is not included.

Example: Graph x≥3x \geq 3:

 Draw a solid circle at 33 and shade to the right.

4. Systems of Linear Inequalities

 A system of linear inequalities involves two or more linear inequalities. The solution is
the region where the shaded areas of all inequalities overlap.

4.1 Example of a System of Linear Inequalities

Solve the system:

x+y≥4x + y \geq 4 x−y≤1x - y \leq 1

Steps:

1. Graph the boundary lines of each inequality.


2. Shade the appropriate region for each inequality.
3. The solution is where the shaded regions overlap.

4.2 Graphing a System of Linear Inequalities

 For each inequality in the system:


o Graph the boundary line (solid or dashed).
o Shade the region that satisfies the inequality (above the line for y>y >, below for
y<y <, etc.).
 The overlapping shaded region is the solution.
5. Special Properties of Linear Inequalities

 Transitive Property: If a<ba < b and b<cb < c, then a<ca < c.
 Addition and Subtraction: You can add or subtract the same number to both sides of an
inequality without changing the direction of the inequality.

Example:
If a<ba < b, then a+c<b+ca + c < b + c for any number cc.

 Multiplication and Division:


o When multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a positive number,
the inequality direction stays the same.
o When multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative number,
reverse the direction of the inequality.

6. Applications of Linear Inequalities

6.1 Word Problems Involving Linear Inequalities

Example: A company sells pens for $2 each. The company wants to sell at least 200 pens to meet
its costs.

Let xx represent the number of pens sold. The inequality to represent the situation is:

2x≥2002x \geq 200

Solving:

x≥100x \geq 100

Thus, the company must sell at least 100 pens to meet its cost.

6.2 Real-Life Problems

Linear inequalities are used in budgeting, time management, profit and loss calculations, and
various optimization problems where constraints are involved.

7. Conclusion

 Linear Equations: Equations of the form ax+b=0ax + b = 0, solved by isolating xx.


 Linear Inequalities: Inequalities of the form ax+b>0ax + b > 0 (etc.), solved by similar
methods but with attention to inequality signs.
 Graphing: Linear inequalities can be graphed on number lines or coordinate planes.
 Systems of Inequalities: Solutions to systems of inequalities are found by graphing and
identifying overlapping regions.

Feel free to ask for any more examples or clarifications if needed!

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