Southern Mindanao Colleges

College Of Engineering
Pagadian City

Principle of Reinforced/ Prestressed Concrete (CE 135)

10:30-12:10 p.m. MWF
Assignment No. 2
March 28, 2025

Design of Reinforced Concrete Slab

a. One-way Slab
b. Two-way Slab

BONGGO, QUEEN VERNICE C.

Student

ENGR. PETER MANGHAY

Instructor

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB are large flat plates that are supported by reinforced concrete
beams, walls, or columns; by masonry walls; by structural steel beams or columns; or by the
ground.
A one-way slab is considered as a wide, shallow, rectangular beam with a large ratio of width to
depth. The reinforcing steel is usually spaced uniformly over its width. One-way slabs are analyzed
by considering a one-meter strip, which is assumed independent of the adjacent strips. This
method of analysis is somewhat conservative because we neglected the lateral restraint provided
by the adjacent strips.
Normally, a 1-meter piece of such a slab is
designed as a beam, the slab being assumed to
consist of a series of such beams side by side.

One-way slab
SPECIFICATION (NSCP 2015)
 MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 407.3.1)
The thickness required for a particular one-way slab depends on the bending, the deflection,
and shear requirements

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 Table 407.3.1.1
Minimum Thickness of Solid Non-Prestressed One-Way Slabs

[1] Expression applicable for normal weight concrete and F Y =420 MPA . For other cases, minimum
h shall be modified in accordance with Sections 407.3.1.1.1 through 407.3.1.1.3 as appropriate
• For F Y other than 420 MPA, the expression in Table 407.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by (0.4+fy/700).

• For non-prestressed slabs made of lightweight concrete having w c in the range of 1440 to 1840
kg/m3, the expression in Table 407.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by the greater of (a) and (b):

a. 1.65 - 0.0003w c
b. 1.09

Slab thickness is usually rounded up to the nearest 10-mm.

 MINIMUM FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN NON-PRESTRESSED SLABS (NSCP 2015
SECTION 407.6.1)

𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 for Non-prestressed One-way slabs

Table 407.6.1.1

SELECTION OF BARS
▪ (SI Units) For usual situations, bar sizes 36-mm and smaller are practical.
▪ (English Units) For usual situations, bar sizes #11 and smaller are practical
 MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT (SECTION 407.7.2)
• Minimum spacing s for parallel non-prestressed reinforcement in a horizontal layer, clear spacing
4
shall be at least the greatest of 25 mm, d b , and d agg.
3
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• Maximum spacing s of deformed reinforcement shall be the lesser of 3h and 450 mm.
 MINIMUM SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT (SECTION 407.6.4)
• Reinforcement shall be provided to resist shrinkage and temperature stresses.
• The ratio of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement area to gross concrete area shall
satisfy the limits in Table 424.4.3.2.
Table 424.4.3.2
Minimum Ratios of Deformed Shrinkage and Temperature
Reinforcement Area to Gross Concrete Area

CONCRETE COVER

▪ The reinforcing steel for concrete members must be protected from the surrounding environment.
▪ The cover improves the bond between the concrete and steel.
▪ Concrete cover is measured from the concrete surface to the outermost surface of the
reinforcement to which the cover requirement applies.

Table 420.6.3.1
Specified Concrete Cover for Cast-in-Place Non-Prestressed Concrete Members

Concrete Exposure Member Reinforcement Specified

Cover,
mm

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 Cast against and All All 75
permanently contact with
ground
Exposed to weather or in All 20 mm ∅ through 58 mm ∅ bars 50
contact with ground 16 mm v bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and 40
smaller
Not exposed to weather or Slabs, joists, and 40 mm ∅ and 58 mm ∅ bars 40
in contact with ground walls
36 mm ∅ bar and smaller 20
Beams, columns, Primary reinforcement, stirrups, tied, 40
pedestals, and spirals, and hoops
tension ties

STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS & FORMULA’S THAT CAN BE USED:

I. Identify the uniform floor pressure (Pa) to be carried by the slab. This load may consist of:
1) Live load pressure, LL (Pa)
2) Dead load pressure, DL (Pa)
3) Ceiling load and other attachments (below the slab), DL (Pa)
II. Determine the minimum slab thickness h from Table 407.3.1.1. If necessary, adjust this
value depending on your judgment.
III. Compute the weight of slab.
Weight= γ conc x h, DL (Pa)
IV. Calculate the factored moment (Mu) to be carried by the slab.
Factored floor pressure= 1.4DL + 1.7 LL
Uniform load, Wu = Factored pressure x 1 m
V. Compute the effective depth, d:
1
d = h- covering (usually 20 mm) - (main bar diameter)
2
VI. Compute the required p:
Solve for Ru from M u=ϕ Ru b d 2 where b = 1000 mm

ρ=
fy [ √
0.85 f ' c
1−
2 Ru
0.85 f ' c ]
Solve for Pmax and Pmin
If p is less than Pmax and greater than Pmin, use p
If ρ is greater than Pmax , increase the depth of slab to ensure ductile failure
If ρ is less than Pmin, use ρ = Pmin
VII. Compute the required main bar spacing:
As = p b d = p(1000)d
A
S1= ¯¿ x 1000 ¿
As
Use the smallest of the following for the main bar spacing:
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 a) S1
b) 3 x h
c) 450mm
VIII. Temperature bars: Check Table 424.4.3.2 for the required steel ratio,
A s 1=ρ1 bh
A
S2= ¯¿ x 1000 ¿
As
IX. Use the smallest of the following for temperature bar spacing:
a) S1
b) 5 x h
c) 450mm

Illustrative Problem:

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB

When the ratio of the longer span to the shorter span is less than 2, the load sharing is in both
directions provided that the slab is supported on all four sides. These slabs are known as two-way
slabs. Two-way slabs bend in both directions, and they must be reinforced by layers of bars that
are perpendicular to each other

 COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 408.4.1.5-6)

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When the design moments have been determined by either the direct design method or equivalent
frame method, the moments are distributed across each panel. The panel is divided into column
and middle strips. Column strip is a design strip with a width on each side of a column centerline
equal to 0.25 x L2 or 0.25 x L1, whichever is less. Column strip includes beams, if any. The middle
strip is a design strip bounded by two column strips.

MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (NSCP 2001 SECTION 5.9.5.3.2)

The minimum thickness of slabs without interior beams spanning between the supports shall be in
accordance with the provisions of Table 10.1 and shall not be less the following values:
(a) Slabs without drop panels ....................................................................................... 125
mm
(b) Slabs with drop panels ........................................................................................... 100
mm

Table 10.1: Minimum Thickness of Slabs without Interior beams

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 (1) For values d reinforcement yield stress between 275 and 415 MPa minimum thickness
shall be obtained by linear interpolation.
(2) Drop panel Is defined In Sections 5.13.4.7.1 and 5.13.4.7.2.
(3) Slabs with beams between columns along exterior edges. The value α for the edge
beam shall not be less than 0.8.
The minimum thickness of slabs with or without beams spanning between the supports on all sides
and having a ratio of long to short span not exceeding 2 shall be:

Ln (800+ 0.73 f y )
h=

[
36,000+ 5,000 β α m−0.12 1+ ( 1β )]
but not less than:

Ln (800+0.73 f y )
h=
36,000+ 9,000 β
and need not be more than:

Ln (800+0.73 f y )
h=
36,000

The values obtained above shall be modified as required by Sec. 5.9.5.3.4 and Sec. 5.9.5.3.5 but
in no case shall the thickness be less than
(a) for a m < 2.0 ………………………………………………………………………………125 mm
(b) for a m ≥ 2.0 ............................................................................................................... 90
mm

Section 5.9.5.3.4: For slabs without beams, but with drop panels extending in each direction from
centerline of support a distance not less than one-sixth the span length in that direction measured
center-to-center of supports, and projection below the slab at least one-quarter the slab thickness
beyond the drop, thickness required by Eq. above may be reduced by 10%.

Section 5.9.5.3.5: At discontinuous edges, an edge beam shall be provided with a stiffness ratio a
not less than 0.80; or the minimum thickness required by Eq. above, shall be increased by at least
10 % in the panel with a discontinuous edge.

where:
Ln = length of clear span in long direction of two-way construction, measured face-to-face
Type equation here . of supports in slabs without beams and face-to face of beams or other supports
in other cases.

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 a m= average value of a for all beams on edges of a panel.
ρ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam section to flexural stiffness a width of slab bounded
laterally by centerline of adjacent panel (if any) in each side of beam.

p = ratio of clear spans in long to short direction of two-way slabs.

Ecb =modulus of elasticity of beam concrete
Ecb =modulus of elasticity of slab concrete
I b= moment of inertia about centroidal axis of gross section of beams as defined in Sec.
5.13.2.4.

Section 5.13.2.4: For monolithic or fully composite construction, a beam indudes that portion
of slab on each side of the beam extending a distance equal to the projection of the beam
above or below the slab, whichever is greater, but not greater than four times the slab
thickness.

I s= moment of inertia about centroidal axis of gross section of slab

3
I s= h times width of slab defined in notations α and β
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DIRECT DESIGN METHOD (SECTION 5.13.6)

0.2 ≤ ≤ 5.0

where: L1 = length of span in direction that moments are being determined, measured
center-to-center of supports.
L2 = length of span transverse to L1, measured center-to-center of supports.

Moments in Slabs (Section 5.13.6.2)

The total moment that is resisted by the slab equals absolute sum of positive and average negative
factored moments in each direction shall not be less than

( q u L2 ) Ln 2
M o=
8

Negative and Positive Factored Moments (5.13.6.3)

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Negative factored moments shall be located at face of rectangular supports. Circular or regular
polygon shaped supports shall be treated as square supports with the same area.

A. In an interior span, total static moment M o shall be distributed as follows:

Negative factored moment ................................................. 0.65
Positive factored moment ................................................. 0.35
B. In an end span, total factored static, moment M o shall be distributed as given in Table
10.2.

Factored Moments in Column Strips

Column strips shall be proportioned to resist the following portions in percent of interior negative
factored moments:

Column strips shall be proportioned to resist the following portions in percent of exterior negative
factored moments:

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Where supports consist of columns or walls extending for a distance equal to or greater than three-
quarters the span length L2 used to compute Mo, negative moments shall be considered to be
uniformly distributed across, L2.

Column strips shall be proportioned to resist the following portions in percent of positive factored
moments:

Factored Shear in Slab System with Beams

MOMENT COEFFICIENT METHOD

The Moment Coefficient Method is the quickest approach of calculating the moments in two-way
slabs supported by edge beam on all slab’s sides. This method was first provided in 1963 edition of
the ACI Code as a method to design two-way slabs. Nonetheless, this method is not included in the
ACI 318-14M and NSCP 2015.

The moments in the middle strips are

calculated using:

2
M a=C a ω La
2
M b=C b ω Lb

C a= moment coefficient from Table of

Moment Coefficient

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C b= moment coefficient from Table of Moment Coefficient
ω = uniform load
La= clear span in short direction
Lb= clear span in long direction

PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT
The main reinforcement for the two-way slab panel should be placed parallel and perpendicular to
the slab edges. The reinforcement in the short direction (La) should be placed below the
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reinforcement in the long direction (Lb). Negative reinforcement should be placed perpendicular to
the supporting edge beams.

All other requirements should be observed:

a. Minimum Flexural Reinforcement in Non-prestressed Two-way Slabs (NSCP 2015 Section
408.6.1)
b. Flexural Reinforcement Spacing (NSCP 2015 Section 408.7.2)
c. Ductility Requirements

ρ< ρmax=
7 (
3 0.85 f ' c β 1
fy )

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ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM
Using the NSCP Specifications, determine the minimum slab thickness for the exterior panel
shown. The slab has beam between all supports which are poured monolithically with the slab. Use
fy =414 MPa and f’c=21 MPa. Assume E, be the same for slab, beam, and column.

Solution:

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