Finishing

Construction Works
Level II

Learning Guide-20
Unit of Competence: Use solid plastering tools
and equipment
Module Title: Using solid plastering tools
and equipment
LG Code: EIS FCW2 M03 LO1-LG-20
TTLM Code: EIS FCW2 M03 TTLM 0919v1

LO 1: Plan and prepare

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 Ethiopia / Adama

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 Instruction Sheet LO1: Plan and prepare

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 obtaining, confirming and applying Work instructions
 follow Safety requirements
 Signage and barricade requirements identifying and implementing quality
requirements.
 Identifying, obtaining, preparing, safely handling and locating Materials.
 Identifying and applying Environmental requirements statutory and
legislative authority.
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 obtain, confirm and apply Work instructions
 follow Safety requirements
 Identify and implement quality requirements.
 Identify, obtain, prepare, safely handle and locate Materials.
 Identify and apply Environmental requirements statutory and legislative
authority.

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 Learning Instructions

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below
3. Read the information written in the information Sheet
4. Accomplish the ―Self-checks, in each information sheets.

5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your
teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you finished
answering the Self-checks).

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 Information Sheet-1 Obtaining, confirming and applying Work instructions

Obtaining, confirming and applying Work instructions

Where work is done, mistakes are made. Human errors account for 9 out of 10 incidents
in the workplace. These errors result in loss of production, damage to equipment, and
injuries. This costs industries billions per year and with work getting more and more
complex this is a growing pain.

A lot of the mistakes in the workplace can be avoided with clearer work instructions that
ensure quicker, better and safer performance of tasks. Also, it gives greater flexibility
and ensures standardization of output.

Work instructions have been around for quite some time, but their effectiveness is
limited due to the form (paper-based), structure (process-oriented), and content (text).
We have collected 10 tips for you to start creating better work instructions.

Work instructions are meant to help workers perform their jobs. However, all too often
we encounter instructions that don‘t focus on that goal at all. They are designed to show
compliance with standards. They are made for safety auditors. Created by engineers
showing off their technical understanding. Of course, it is important to be compliant, but
if you really want your work instructions to be effective you need to start with the
employee:

 What is the information they need to perform their tasks?

 What is the best way to get this information to them?
 How can you deliver this information at the moment of need?

There are basic work instructions to using and maintaining hand tools and
equipment

 avoid static load at the shoulder or arm due to the continuous holding of a tool at
a raised position or the gripping of a heavy tool;
 avoid awkward wrist angles while using tools such as snips and pliers;
 reduce uncomfortable pressure on the palm or joints of the hand, e.g. from pliers
that are too small;
 select the correct weight, size and tool for the job;
 use only tools of good-quality steel – tools made of inferior steel chip and may
even shatter when struck, tool jaws open out and cutting tools lose their edge;
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  Handles should have a smooth finish, should be easy to grasp and should have
no sharp edges or corners;
 Tools should be firmly fixed and should be regularly checked for splits and
cracks; wedges should be checked for tightness of fit;
 Tools should be kept free of grease and dirt, and moving and adjustable parts
should be well oiled;
 Cutting edges should be kept sharp for accurate working and to avoid the need
for unnecessary pressure;
 For work on or near electrical apparatus only properly insulated tools should be
used;
 tools should be properly stored in boxes, racks, holders or pocket belts and
should not be left so that they can fall, roll or be tripped over; cutting edges
should be sheathed;
 Damaged tools should be immediately repaired or replaced

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

Write Short answer

1:- what is the purposes or why we use work instructions? (4 pint)
2:- list 6 point basic work instructions to using and maintaining hand tools and
equipment. (6 points)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 10 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 10 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: ______________

Answer Sheet 1 Written Test

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 Short Answer

1 -To better and safer performance of tasks.

- It gives greater flexibility and ensures standardization of output.

 avoid static load at the shoulder or arm due to the continuous holding of a tool
at a raised position or the gripping of a heavy tool;
 avoid awkward wrist angles while using tools such as snips and pliers;
 reduce uncomfortable pressure on the palm or joints of the hand, e.g. from pliers
that are too small;
 select the correct weight, size and tool for the job;
 use only tools of good-quality steel – tools made of inferior steel chip and may
even shatter when struck, tool jaws open out and cutting tools lose their edge;
 Handles should have a smooth finish, should be easy to grasp and should have
no sharp edges or corners;

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-2 follow Safety requirements

Follow Safety requirements

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What is safety?

We use the word ‘safety‘ so much, often in company with its partner ‘health‘, that it
should be easy to find a definition. Yet the dictionaries do not offer much assistance
safety [is] the absence of danger‘ one says, unhelpfully supplying the entry for ‘danger‘
as ‘absence of safety‘! Others suggest a state of protection‘ and ‘a condition not
involving risk‘. Perhaps the best we can do is to agree that there is no arbitrary state of
‘absolute safety‘, as there is always a chance a risk of something going wrong,
however small that chance may be.

In the same way, a little thought about ‘health‘ brings the same conclusion it is a relative
notion, in the sense that in any population there will be those in varying states of
wellness. But this does not stop us using the word in an everyday sense to convey the
idea that, in the workplace at least, the aim should be that workers do not leave their
workless ‘healthy‘ than when they arrived.

The management of workplace health and safety is done together, and in the same
way, so that often in speech the word ‘safety‘ is used to mean both. In recent years, it
has been recognized that environmental issues also need to be managed, and again
often by using the same techniques and practices. So, for reasons of space and ease of
under- standing, in this book the reader will often find the word ‘safety‘ used alone
although the presence of its natural partners ‘health‘ and ‘environment‘ should be
understood.

Basic terms

An Accident is an incident plus its consequences; the end product of a sequence of

events or actions resulting in an undesired consequence (injury, property damage,
interruption, delay). An accident can be defined more formally as ‘an undesired event,
which results in physical harm and/ or property damage, usually resulting from contact
with a source of energy above the ability of the body or structure to withstand it.‘

In normal conversation we use the word ‘accident‘ loosely, and in doing so we often
couple in a sense of bad luck on the part of the injured person, and a feeling that it

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could not have been foreseen. In safety management, we need to be clear that the luck,
or the element of chance, is only concerned with the physical outcome of the incident,
which is ‘that sequence of events or actions resulting in the undesired consequences.

What means an accident?

Personally:
Worries for the family

Sometimes- Always: Pain and

Permanent working handicap
damage of the
body

Dead Always: loss of

In worst case salary and cost for
medical treatment

For the company and society:

Disturbances of the
Reduction of building process
public health and
public wealth

Some times Loss of working

damage of goods time

Fig 1. Effect of accident personally, company and society.

An injury is thus a consequence of an incident but not the only possible one. It has
been shown that hundreds of incidents occur in the construction industry for every one
that causes injury or loss. But all have the potential to do so. That is why it is important
to look at all incidents as sources of information on what is going wrong. Relying on
injury records only allows a review of a minority of incidents those which happened to

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result in a serious injury consequence. We can make some reasonable estimates about
the likelihood of, say, failure of a lifting appliance. Only chance will decide whether an
injury rather than, or as well as, property damage will occur on a particular occasion,
and how severe either will be.

Hazard means ‘the inherent property or ability of something to cause harms the
potential to interrupt or interfere with a process or person‘. Hazards may arise from
interacting or influencing components, for example two chemicals interacting to produce
a third.

Risk is ‘the chance or probability of loss‘, an evaluation of the potential for failure. It is
easy to confuse the terms ‘hazard‘ and ‘risk‘, but a simple way to remember the
difference is that ‘hazard‘ describes potential for harm, risk is the likelihood that harm
will result in the particular situation or circumstances, coupled with a measure of the
degree of severity of that harm. Comparisons between risks can be made using simple
numerical formulae.

What causes accidents?

Accidents are the direct results of unsafe activities and conditions, both of which can be
controlled by management. Management is responsible for the creation and
maintenance of the working environment and tasks, into which workers must fit and
inter-react. Control of workers and their behavior is more difficult. They have to be given
information and the knowledge that accidents are not inevitable but are caused. They
need training to develop skills and recognize the need to comply with and develop safe
systems of work, and to report and correct unsafe conditions and practices. Their safety
awareness and attitudes require constant improvement, and the social environment of
the workplace the safety climate must be one which fosters good safety and health
practices and conditions, not one which discourages them.

On investigation, and after a little thought, it can be seen that accidents are relatively
complex events. A man falls off a ladder. It seems straightforward the ladder was not
tied and witnesses say that it was set at the wrong angle and not secured against

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slipping. This incident could be put down to carelessness on the part of the man, having
failed to appreciate the physical situation.

Carelessness, though, is rarely either a good or an adequate explanation of events like

accidents.

Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are often referred to as immediate or primary
causes of accidents, because they are the most obvious causes and because they are
usually directly involved or present at the moment the accident happens. Secondary
causes are also important, although they are usually harder to seek out and identify.
They are the failures of the management system to anticipate, and include lack of
training, maintenance, adequate job planning and instruction, and not having safe
systems of working place.

Some examples of unsafe acts and conditions are given below.

Unsafe acts

 Working without authority

 Failure to warn others of danger
 Leaving equipment in a dangerous condition
 Using equipment at the wrong speed
 Disconnecting safety devices such as guards
 Using defective equipment
 Using equipment the wrong way or for the wrong tasks
 Failure to use or wear personal protective equipment
 Bad loading of vehicles
 Failure to lift loads correctly
 Being in an unauthorized place
 Unauthorized servicing and maintaining of moving equipment
 Horseplay
 smoking in areas where this is not allowed
 Drinking alcohol or taking drugs

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Some of the reasons why people fail to behave safely, to conform to policies and
procedures,

Unsafe conditions

 Inadequate or missing guards to moving machine parts

 Missing platform guardrails‘
 Defective tools and equipment
 Inadequate fire warning systems
 Fire hazards
 Ineffective housekeeping
 Hazardous atmospheric conditions
 Excessive noise
 Not enough light to see to do the work

These are all deviations from required safe practice, but they must be seen as the
symptoms of more basic underlying indirect or secondary causes which allow them to
exist and persist.

Secondary causes of accidents

 Management system pressures

 financial restrictions
 lack of commitment
 lack of policy
 lack of standards
 lack of knowledge and information
 restricted training and selection for tasks
 poor quality control systems resulting from the above
 Social pressures
 group attitudes
 trade customs
 industry tradition

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  society attitudes to risk-taking
 ‘acceptable‘ behavior in the workplace
 commercial/financial pressures between contractors

The primary causes of accidents in the construction industry have been the target of
safety law for many years specifying details of scaffolding and ladders, for example.
Relatively recently, legal requirements in several countries, notably the member states
of the European Union, and

Australia, have begun to address the secondary causes as well, forcing attention to be
paid to all organizational aspects of safety management.

The term ‘safety management‘ is used for convenience and for brevity, and wherever it
is used it should be taken to refer to the management of occupational health and the
environment as well as safety. Safety management is concerned with, and achieved by,
all the techniques which promote the subject.

Safety management is also concerned with influencing human behavior, and with
limiting the opportunities for mistakes to be made which would result in harm or loss. To
do this, safety management must take into account the ways in which people fail (fail to
do what is expected of them and/or what is safe). Generally, safety management
techniques are aimed at the recognition and elimination of hazards, and the assessment
and control of those risks which remain. Many risks cannot be confined to the
construction process there are overlaps with clients, other contractors and third parties.

The practical objectives of safety management are:

 Gaining support from all concerned for the health and safety effort
 Motivation, education and training so that all may recognize and correct hazards
 Achieving hazard and risk control by design and purchasing policies
 Operation of a suitable inspection programmer to provide feedback
 To ensure that hazard control principles form part of supervisory training
 Devising and introducing controls based on risk assessments
 Compliance with regulations and standards

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  To coordinate and achieve these objectives, the keystone is a safety policy
statement.

Benefits

As discussed, successful safety management can lead to substantial cost savings, as

well as a good accident record. Inadequate safety management can lead to financial
ruin, especially for smaller businesses.

Some companies have become well known for the success of their safety management
system and many smaller companies have devoted substantial time and money to the
development of sophisticated management systems.

Although neither a construction operation nor UK-based, the work of Du Pont is

noteworthy. This company claims that several of its plants with more than 1000
employees have run for more than 10 years without recording a lost- time injury
accident. Du Pont uses 10 principles of safety management which are worthy of study:

1. All injuries and occupational illnesses are preventable

2. Management is directly responsible for doing this, with each level accountable to
the one above and responsible for the level below
3. Safety is a condition of employment, and is as important to the company as
production, quality or cost control
4. Training is required in order to sustain safety knowledge, and includes
establishing procedures and safety performance standards for each job
5. Safety audits and inspections must be carried out
6. Deficiencies must be corrected promptly, by modifications, changing
procedures, improved training and/ or consistent and constructive disciplining
7. All unsafe practices, incidents and injury accidents will be investigated
8. Safety away from work is as important as safety at work
9. Accident prevention is cost-effective; the highest cost is human suffering
10. People are the most critical element in the health and safety program.
Employees must be actively involved, and complement management
responsibility by making suggestions for improvements
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It is important to appreciate that these basic ideas are just as applicable to the
construction industry as chemical manufacturing or indeed any other industry. Backing
for these principles can be found in British Standards and in Health and Safety
Executive (HCE) publications. Critics complain that it is much harder to apply the
principles to the construction industry, and this is probably correct. Construction differs
from manufacturing industry in many respects, but from an organizational viewpoint it
has a transient, highly mobile workforce carrying out work that is constantly changing
and where the risks are generally higher. The workforce is correspondingly more difficult
to train, motivate and involve in corporate safety efforts. Therein lies the challenge.

Key elements

The key elements of successful health and safety management are:

 Policy
 Organizing
 Planning and implementing
 Measuring performance
 Reviewing performance and auditing.

Safety policies
Successful safety management demands comprehensive health and safety policies
which are effectively implemented and which are considered in all business practice and
decision-making.

The law has required written safety policy statements to be created by all employers,
except for the smallest organizations. This is simply a reflection in the law of what has
been known for many years written policies are the centerpieces of good health and
safety management. They insist, persuade, explain and assign responsibilities. An
essential requirement for management involvement at all levels is to define health and
safety responsibility in detail within the written document, and then to check at intervals
that the responsibility has been adequately discharged. This process leads to ownership
of the health and safety program, and it is based on the principle of accountability.

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Safe and healthy working conditions do not happen by chance. Employers need to have
a written safety policy for their enterprise setting out the safety and health standards
which it is their objective to achieve. The policy should name the senior executive who
is responsible for seeing that the standards are achieved, and who has authority to
allocate responsibilities to management and supervisors at all levels and to see they are
carried out.

The safety policy should deal with the following matters:

 Arrangements for training at all levels. Particular attention needs to

be given to key workers such as scaffolder and crane operators
whose mistakes can be especially dangerous to other workers.
 Safe methods or systems of work for hazardous operations: the
workers carrying out these operations should be involved in their
preparation.
 The duties and responsibilities of supervisors and key workers.
 Arrangements by which information on safety and health is to be
made known.
 Arrangements for setting up safety committees.
 The selection and control of subcontractors.

Organizing

To make the health and safety policy effective, both management and employees must
be actively involved and committed. Organizations which achieve high standards in
safety create and sustain a culture which motivates and involves all members of the
organization in the control of risks. They establish, operate and maintain structures and
systems which are intended to:

 Secure control — by ensuring managers lead by example

 Encourage co-operation — both of employees and those representing them as
their trade union safety representatives or in other ways
 Secure effective communication — by providing information about hazards, risks
and preventive measures

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  Achieve cooperation of their activities both intern- ally between projects, sites,
departments and other operating areas, and with other organizations which
interface with them
 Ensure competence — by assessing the skills needed to carry out all tasks
safely, and then by providing the means to ensure that all employees (including
temporary ones) are adequately instructed and trained

Planning and implementing

Planning ensures that health and safety efforts really work. Success in safety
management relies on the establishment, operation and maintenance of planning
systems which:

 Identify objectives and targets which are attainable and relevant

 Set performance standards for management, and for the control of risks which
are based on hazard identification and risk assessment, and which take legal
requirements as the accepted minimum standard
 Consider and control risks both to employees and to others who may be affected
by the organization‘s activities, the structures they construct and complete and
the services they provide
 Ensure documentation of all performance standards

Organizations which plan and control in this way can expect fewer injuries and claims
resulting from them reduced insurance costs, less absenteeism, higher productivity,
improved quality and lower operating costs.

Monitoring

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Just like finance, the safety management system has to be monitored to establish the
degree of success of the operation. For this to happen, two types of monitoring system
need to be operated. These are:

 Active monitoring systems. They are intended to measure the achievement of

objectives and specified standards before things go wrong. This involves regular
inspection and checking to ensure that standards are being implemented and
that management controls are working properly. Examples are regular
inspections by site management, and technical inspections of equipment at
specified intervals.
 Reactive monitoring systems. They are intended to collect and analyses
information about failures in health and safety performance, when things do go
wrong. This involves learning from mistakes, whether they result in accidents, ill
health, property damage incidents or ‘near misses‘. Examples are investigation
reports, and reviewing of risk assessments and method statements following
incidents.

Information from both active and reactive monitoring systems should be used to identify
situations that create risks and enable something to be done about them. Priority should
be given to the greatest risks. The information should then be referred to people within
the organization who have the authority to take any necessary remedial action, and also
to make any organizational and policy changes which may be necessary.

Reviewing and auditing performance

Auditing enables management to ensure that their policy is being carried out and that it
is having the desired effect. Auditing complements the monitoring program. Economic
auditing of a company is well established as a tool to ensure economic stability and it
has been shown that similar systematic evaluation of safety performance has equal
benefits.

As mentioned in the previous chapter, an audit is not the same thing as an inspection.
Essentially, the audit assesses the organization‘s ability to meet its own (defined)
standards on a wide front, rather than providing a ‘snapshot‘ of a particular site or
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premises. Each has its uses, but inspections are part of the active monitoring system
(see above) and audits are an element of a coherent ongoing management system.
Inspections are often made as a part of the audit process.

The two main objectives of an audit are:

 To ensure that standards achieved conform as closely as possible to the

objectives set out in the organization‘s safety policy, and
 To provide information to justify carrying on with the same strategy, or a change
of course

The best health and safety audit systems are capable of identifying deviations from
agreed standards, analyzing events leading to these deviations and high lighting good
practice. They look especially at the ‘software‘ elements of health and safety such as
systems of work, management practices, instruction, training and supervision as well as
the more traditional ‘hardware‘ elements which include scaffolding, machinery
guarding and the use of personal protective equipment.

To carry out a simple audit, it is only necessary to take company documentation and
turn its requirements into questions. For example, if part of the written arrangements (in
the safety policy document) require a particular person to be responsible for making risk
assessments, the audit paperwork could ask ‗Have all necessary risk assessments
been made‘ and ‘Who made them?‘ It would be usual to verify the answers by interview
and by seeing the documented evidence backing up the answers.

Another way of reviewing performance is by benchmarking. This has become popular

amongst larger companies in recent years. Benchmarking is simply a process of
comparison with other similar organizations in terms of methods and systems used, and
also their cost savings and other results from using the systems. It offers an opportunity
of evaluating comparisons of the best use of scarce resources in the interests of safety.
Cynics may point out that it also gives employers the ability to judge what (minimum)
steps are ‘reasonably practicable‘ by reference to an industry norm.

And if companies do not do all this?

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It is, of course, quite possible to remain ignorant of all the foregoing, and yet to run a
construction business for some time without injuring anybody. Luck is a substantial ally,
but a fickle friend. The risks remain. The aim of the management process is to identify
and reduce the risks to as low a point as can be achieved but even then there may still
be some which have not been identified or which are considered to be negligible or
tolerable. Where the risks have not been reduced, the danger is greater. Often,
businesses that ignore safety to a greater or lesser extent say that they rely upon
people ‘to take care of themselves‘, and on foremen and other supervisors to control
conditions on site. In some cases they are even unwise enough to put these
philosophies into writing within their safety policy statements.

Personal Safety
Plasterer should equipped with safety cloths, safety shoes,
Helmets & other necessary materials while they are performing a
particular job.

Personal Safety equipment’s

1. Wearing Cloth
Where ever possible, and regardless of the actual job being
done you must wear some form of special working cloth

 Always tie long hair back, and fasten or remove loose

fitting cloth.
 Remove jewelry, including long necklaces and
dangling earrings, if there is any danger of getting it caught machinery.
Fig .2 Wearing
Cloth

Helmet

Protects the tilers from down falling items. It should be a must

for everybody who works or moves on a building site.

Fig .3 Helmet

Ear protection

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 Protects the tiler from damages of the ears. Continuously
working in a very noisy environment harms the eardrums
forever. Once the eardrums are damaged there is no way of
restoring the sense of hearing again.

Fig
.4 Ear Protection

Safety shoes

Safety shoes are equipped with three safety measures. It must have:

1. Toes protection hood

A steel hood to protect the toes from down falling heavy thing
2. A steel layer inside the soles protect the carrier from stepping into a
trued up nail.

3. Benzene and oil resistant soles fig .5 Safety shoe

Safety goggles

Necessary during chiseling, cutting and grinding work

Protects against chips sparking around from the work piece

Fig.6 Safety Goggles

Mask: - Protects eyes of the worker from other

endangering object and dust during construction.

Fig .7 Mask

Glove:-Protects the workers from oils, chemicals,

and dust and other dangerous material that affect
the skin.
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 Fig .8 Glove

Safety Belt: - Secures laborers working in a plane

where the construction is done at high level.

Fig .9 safety belt

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Electrical Equipment

Another source of hazards are electrical machines and equipment. On the one hand they ease
the work very much, but on the other hand they can course accidents, when not proper used or
handled.

Danger from touching the power

The human body conducts the current;

if someone touches the machine body
his own body becomes part of the circuit,
so that the current can flow. Starting
from a current of 0.05 Ampere the
power can course dead.

An inappropriate use of a hand lamp and

a confusing cable lining is dangerous. If the

Untidy terrible place cable is broken and fig.10 elctric hazard

somebody touches the bucket, trowel or iron

bar or steps into the water he will suffer a

heavy electrical shock and may be dead.

The connecting cable of the mixer is broken

and sets the machine under power. The man
who touches the mixer stands in water and
is a pretty good conductor for the current.
The power goes through his body into the
ground. We are not sure weather he has
survived.

fig 10.1 elctric hazard in mixer

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Safety on plastering
The use of Scaffolds and ladders

People
Scaffolds are structures, that course a lot of cannot fall
accidents. Especially when badly erected or down the
misused. Scaffolds are necessary when the scaffold
high of work extends the hand range of the
people.
people in
bended
Scaffolds must bear the load of materials, tools position
and persons safely. They must have tight cannot
stand, be anchored against shifting and fall down
sufficiently braced. In order to protect the
people against falling down a triple side
protection is necessary. If the scaffolds height
excides 2,00 m a three part side protection and
anchoring is necessary.
The proper side protection consists from: Toe board
barrister handle, interim barrister and footboard. prevents
The toeboard should avoid materials and tools tools from
falling down. falling down.

Fig 12Triple Side Protection of Scaffolds

Working with Ladders

Ladders are measures to reach higher or lower

points. Ladders are at site very important. A
very frequent reason for ladder accidents is,
that they slip away during use. It is necessary
to find a stable and secure stand for the ladder.
The ladder should be placed at an angle of
approx. 70 ˚.

In case of stepping over to another part of

the building the lather has to exceed the top
point at least 1 m. (right site) Working with
ladder: approx. 70˚, 1 m over the highest point

Fig 12.1 use of ladders

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 Safety Rules & Regulations in Building Site

Behavior rules to avoid accidents

Keep order and neatness at the working place

Ware tight clothes during work
Ware safety boots
Ware helmet
Do not step under lifted loads
Use only proper and safe tools
Report safety deficiencies immediately
Obey safety signs and signals
Do not drink alcohol at work

Fig 14 Dangerous Behavior on Site

AGAIN:

 Never step under lifted loads

 Use safety measures
 Do not drink Alcohol
 Do not balance on the top tie beam without safety measures

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page.

Short Answer Questions

1. List personal personal Safety equipment‘s at least five points. (5 points)

2. Write Safety Rules & Regulations in Building Site. (5 points)
3. What causes Secondary causes of accidents? (5 points)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 6 and 10 points Unsatisfactory - below 8 and 15 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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 Answer -Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
A No1
 Ear protection
 Safety shoes
 Wearing Cloth
 Helmet
 Safety Belt
A No 2
 Ware tight clothes during work
 Ware safety boots
 Ware helmet
 Do not step under lifted loads
 Use only proper and safe tools
 Report safety deficiencies immediately
 Obey safety signs and signals
 Do not drink alcohol at work

A No 3
 Management system pressures
 financial restrictions
 lack of commitment
 lack of policy
 lack of standards
 lack of knowledge and information
 restricted training and selection for tasks
 poor quality control systems resulting from the above
 Social pressures
 group attitudes
 trade customs
 industry tradition

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  society attitudes to risk-taking
 ‘acceptable‘ behavior in the workplace

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 8 and 15 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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 Information Sheet-3 Signage and barricade requirements Identifying and
implementing quality requirements.

General requirements

A variety of situations exist at Council worksites where barricading and/or safety

signage are required. Barricading and safety signage draw attention to hazardous
objects and situations that may affect health and safety, reducing the potential of injury
to personnel and damage to property. Examples include warning tape, mesh barrier,
road barriers, traffic control signs, emergency signage, mandatory PPE signs and
precautionary signage.

Barricading and safety signage shall be used:

 When there are no other practical control measures available to control a hazard;
 As an interim measure until a more effective way of controlling the risk can be
used or the hazard is no longer present; and
 As a secondary control measure to supplement higher level control measures.

The type and number of barricading or safety signage erected must be assessed
adequately and positioned to be suitable for the intended purpose.

Barricading Requirements
Barricading is one of the risk control measures used to protect personnel from hazard
such as:
 being struck by falling objects, material movements or plant;
 fall from height, including falling into open excavations or penetrations;
 fall from unprotected edges (e.g. removed flooring, walkways, stairs and
handrails);
 exposure to hazardous substances, process or activities;
 unauthorized entry into a confined space or other restricted work areas; and

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  Any potentially hazardous work processes, such as hot works, demolition work,
scaffolding, radiation work and work involving asbestos.

Barricading may also be used as part of incident management and emergency

response procedures.

Selection of Barricade

The following factors are to be considered as part of a risk assessment when selecting
the type of barricade (soft or hard):
 risk associated with the hazard;
 required strength of the barrier (e.g. impact potential); and
 The amount of clearance provided from the hazard by the barricade.

Barricading shall be used to manage the risk of fall from height greater than two meters
and excavations greater than 1.5 meters deep.
All barricading shall be designed, installed and used in accordance with the relevant
Australian Standards and the recommendations of the manufacturer. Where barricades
are supported by star pickets, the star pickets shall be protected by using a suitable cap
fitted to the star pickets.

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Safety Signage Requirements

Safety signs are erected to warn workers or the public of specific hazards and to
communicate necessary precautionary measures and emergency actions. Safety
signage, in accordance with Ethiopian work Health and Safety Regulation required for:

 construction sites;
 confined spaces;
 asbestos;
 hazardous areas;
 hazardous chemicals;
 site specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements;
 fire protection equipment;
 emergency and first aid information;
 emergency eyewash shower; and
 Traffic management and pedestrian control.

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Signage Classification and Use

Safety signage‘s are classified and shall be used according to their function as follows:

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 Self-Check -3 Written Test

Directions: explain the following question.

1. Write the difference between barricade between and signing (3 points)
2. List out the purposes of Barricade at least five points.(5 points)
3. How to erect Barricade?(5 points)

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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 Answer sheet -3 Written Test

1 ________________________________________________________________

2 ________________________________________________________________

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-4 Identifying, obtaining, preparing, safely handling and locating

Materials.

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Materials handling and storage

Introduction

Proper way of storing material should be considered in schoolwork shops and training
area and this has to be adopted in the real work of construction sites. It is use full to
keep materials in a proper manner, to preserve materials long lasting, to secure
chemical character of the material, for easy access and handling etc. In general proper
way of storing material saves time and money. Accordingly methods of storing for some
materials and hand tools are described and illustrated below.

Storing materials depend up on the type, size, and product character, etc.

Storing of Cement and Lime

In general cement and lime should be stored in a way that it does not come in contact with
moisture. As soon as it gets moisture, setting starts, which render it, unfit for future use. In order
to avoid this cement and lime should:

(i) Be stored in storage sheds with raised damp proof floors.

(ii) Be stored about 60cms away from external walls.
(iii) Be stacked up to reasonable height for ease of handling and for avoiding cooling (not
more than 10 bags be stocked over one another)
(iv) Not be stored in rainy season and long periods of storing should be avoided.
(v) Be stored in silosorbins, if stored in bulk form.
(vi) Be used on first in first out basis.

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 Fig 15 cement storage

Sand and Fine aggregates

Sand and Fine aggregates shall be stored at site on a hard, dry and level ground. If such a
surface is not available, a platform of planks or old corrugated iron sheets, or a floor of bricks, or
a thin layer of lean concrete shall be used. Contact with clay, dust, vegetable and other foreign
matters shall be avoided.
Sand and Fine aggregates shall either be stored separately or heaps be separated by dividing
walls. Fine aggregate shall be stored in a place and manner where loss due to the effect of wind
is minimum, viz. in the leeward side behind
a wall, or by covering with a polyethylene
sheet.

Fig 16 Sand and Fine aggregates storage

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Lime and Gypsum
Quicklime shall be slaked as soon as possible. If unavoidable, it may be stored in
compact heaps having only the minimum of exposed area. The heaps shall be stored
on a suitable platform under a roof protected from rain and wind. A minimum space of
300 mm shall be provided all-round the heaps to avoid bulging of walls.

Fig 17 Lime and Gypsum

Water
Water to be used in construction shall be stored in tanks, bottom and the sides of which shall be
constructed with brick or concrete. Contact with any organic impurities shall be prevented.
The tank shall be so located as to facilitate easy storage and filling in, and supply both for
construction work and for firefighting. Passage of water to the water tank shall not be blocked at
any time.

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Self-Check 4 Written Test

Direction: multiply chose item

Instruction: .chose the correct answer

1. Which of the following wrong about storage cement and lime

A. Be stored in storage sheds with raised damp proof floors.

B. Be stored about 60cms away from external walls.be stacked up to reasonable height for
ease of handling and for avoiding cooling (not more than 10 bags be stocked over one another)

C. Be stored in storage cold and raining area

D. none

1. Aggregates shall be stored on site.

A. dry and level ground
B Fine and coarse aggregates shall either be stored together

C Fine and coarse aggregates shall either be stored separately

D. all

key answer

1.______________________________
2.______________________________

Note:

 Satisfactory rating – above 5 points

 Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

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Answer -Check 4 Written Test

Key answer

1.______________________________
2.______________________________

Note:

 Satisfactory rating – above 5 points

 Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

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Information Sheet-5 Identifying and applying Environmental requirements statutory
and legislative authority.

Safety requirements

Safety

Although there are no known health hazards associated with standard plaster board
installation, the following precautions are recommended:

 Avoid creating dust when handling plaster board or mixing plaster board
compounds.
 After toweling, reduce sanding by wiping a wet sponge over the edges of finished
joints.
 If dry sanding is necessary, minimize the effect of dust by:
o providing adequate ventilation
o wearing eye protection
o Wearing a respiratory mask conforming to Australia/New Zealand
Standard AS/NZS 1716:1994 Respiratory protective devices.
 Keep all tools and materials out of the reach of children.
 Use mechanical sanding tool fitted with dust extractor and storage bag.
 First Aid
 If plaster compound or dust comes into contact with the eyes wash eyes
thoroughly with water.
 If plaster compound or dust comes into contact with skin wash skin thoroughly
with soap and water.
 If dust is inhaled move to a fresh air environment.
 If plastering compound or dust is ingested drink plenty of water.

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.Regulatory requirements: It menace respect rule &regulation work place & apply OHS
rules.
Before starting the work to full fill use of materials, tools &equipment‘s based on apply
regulatory requirements.

Environmental protection
Health and Safety
 For information regarding the safe use of USG Boral products and accessories
please refer to instructions on the product packaging or contact your local USG
Boral Sales Office or for a current copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet
 It is the works of project protect d/f hazards to environmental protection. There
are d/f mechanisms environmental protections
 health welfare
 protect noise the environment
 Protect d/t hazards are: physical hazard, mechanical hazard& chemical hazards
etc.

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1. ________________ are assets in a community that help meet certain needs for
those around them. (3 points)
A. Air spaces C. Local resources
B. Local maps D. Services
2. List out the purposes of mobilizing local resources at least five points. (5 points)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 and 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Finishing Construction Works

Level II
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 Learning Guide-21
Unit of Competence: Use solid plastering tools
and equipment
Module Title: Using solid plastering tools
and equipment
LG Code: EIS FCW2 M03 LO1-LG-21
TTLM Code: EIS FCW2 M03 TTLM 0919v1

LO 2: Identify hand and power tools

Ethiopia / Adama

Instruction Sheet LO1: Identifying Hand and power tools.

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:

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  Identifying Hand and power tools.
 Recognizing OHS requirements for using hand tools.
 Recognizing OHS requirements for using power tools.
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:

 Identify Hand and power tools.

 Recognize OHS requirements for using hand tools.
 Recognize OHS requirements for using power tools

Learning Instructions

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below

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 3. Read the information written in the information Sheet
4. Accomplish the ―Self-checks, in each information sheets.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request
your teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you
finished answering the Self-checks).

Information Sheet-1 Identifying Hand and power tools.

Identifying Hand and power tools

Plant, tools and equipment

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Hand tools:-Hand tool is used for the construction work. Such as:-

1-Brush:-Used for cleaning the joints of the tiles and to clean the tools. Multi
Purpose tool

Fig 1 Brush

2. Hammer - is used to dress stones in the quarry, used to punch a hole into a
tile.

Use the mason hammer as an anvil and make the hole big enough to enter in with pliers, than
extend i

Fig 2 Hammer

3. Measuring tapes and rules-are used to take measurement. Tape is used

to measure dimensions of building parts and distances in site. It is manufactured
from steel, plastic or fibre in lengths of 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 30m, etc. and 50m. In using
tapes for measurements, the two points should be aligned perfectly. In addition,
when long horizontal measurements are needed, care should be taken to avoid sag
on the tape meters.

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 Fig 3. Measuring tapes and rules

4. Scaffolding and work platforms: - is temporary framework of timber or steel

elements, having platforms at different levels, to enable the masons or plasterer
to work at different heights of a building.

Fig 4.Scaffolding and work platforms

5. Strike board - professional uses are made of metal or wood board to

strike off board. It gives as true smooth concrete surface. It usually
require two workers to do the job.

Fig 5.Strike board

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 6 Trowel: - This is a tool, which every plastering needs. Used for Picking up
mortar out of the barrel, spreading mortar on the wall, bed joints and cutting off
excess mortar. In addition to the picture shown, a triangular and Rectangular
trowel are also used by the.

Fig 6 Trowel

Power tools include

Definition • A power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power source and
mechanism other than the solely manual labour used with hand tools. The most
common types of power tools use electric motors. Power tools are classified as either
stationary or portable, where portable means hand-held. Stationary power tools for
metalworking are usually called machine tools.

Grinder - it is very use full for cutting like concrete steel or tiles.

Fig 7 Grinder

Mixer - it used to mix the concrete mixers are available inform deferent
capacities mixer can produce 250 liter and up to 6000 liter it mixers are
driven with diesel, benzene and electrical power.

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 Fig 8. Mixer

Advantages of mixer

- In case where a large quantity of is to be produces.

- Hand mix be com costly, even if the labour cheap.

- It can be produce at the faster rate and better quality of concrete

produce.

levelling devices

Sprit Level - is used to with straight edge for getting horizontal and vertical
surface levelness. The leveling tube is filled alcohol and bubble of air.

Fig 9 Sprit Level

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A straight edge: - is a cutting guide tool for copying a straight line from one location to
another or checking the straightness of a line already drawn. A straight edge with equally
spaced markings on it is called a ruler.

Fig 10 straight edge

Water level and laser: - Consisted of a length of hose fitted with a glass tube at each
end. Water was added until it rose in both vertically held tubes; when the surfaces of the
water in each tube were at the same height.

Fig 11:- Water level and laser

String - is use to make layout in excavation and maintain alignments.

Fig 12:- String

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 Plumb-Bob- is used to check only that surface vertical level.

Fig 13:-Plumb-Bob

Tray Squire - is used to check to get right angle.

Fig 14 Tray Squire

Bucket - is used to carry water, mortar, concrete from one place to another
place transporting in the construction site.

Fig 15 Bucket

Spade - it used to mixing concrete and spreading excavation soil.

Fig 16 Spade

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Float - could be made for metal, wood, sponge, plastic it used to have smooth mortar or
concrete finish.

Fig 17 Float

Batching box - used for volume batch of concrete materials such as aggregate and
sad. the international standard size of the box 50x40x20cm, 50x40x18cm,

50x40x16cm.

Fig 18 Batching box

Wheel barrow - it used to dispose disposal materials from transport or serve materials
and tools in the construction.

Fig 19 Wheel barrow

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing
its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

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Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can
transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also
reduces the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible; while some can be
compressed, the main action of a pump is to
pressurize and transport liquids.

Fig 20:- Compressor

Diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often
an alternator) to generate electrical energy. This is a specific case of engine-generator.
A diesel compression-ignition engine is usually designed to run on diesel fuel, but some
types are adapted for other liquid fuels or natural gas.

Fig 21:-diesel generator

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 Extension cable- to connect all electrical driven equipment properly.

Fig 22:- Extension cable

Manual plastering spray gun: - allows a plasterer to skim a drywall more than five
times faster than using a hand float to apply it.

Fig 23:- Manual plastering spray gun

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1. writ advantages of mixer (2 point)

2. list solid plastering hand tools (2 point)
3. list solid plastering power tools (2 point)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 4 and 6 points Unsatisfactory - below 4 and 6 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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 Answer -Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1.________________________________________________________

2________________________________________________________

3________________________________________________________

Note: Satisfactory rating - 4 and 6 points Unsatisfactory - below 4 and 6 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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 Information Sheet-2 Recognizing OHS requirements for using hand tools.

SAFE USE OF HANDS TOOLS

Hand tools include a wide variety of non-powered devices such as spanners & shifters,
pliers, hammers, and screwdrivers. These tools may seem harmless, but they are the
cause of many injuries. The two most common hazards associated with the use of hand
tools are misuse and improper maintenance.
 Misuse occurs when a hand tool is used for something other than its intended
purpose. (An example would be using a screwdriver as a chisel. This may cause
the tip to break and strike someone).
 Improper maintenance allows hand tools to deteriorate into an unsafe condition.
(Examples would include cracked wooden handles that allow the tool head to fly
off or mushroomed heads that can shatter upon impact).reviewed to ensure
approved hand tools are utilised on Arrium sites.
All Hand Tools
 Assess the risks before using risk management tools i.e. S.T.A.R Cards.
 Ensure you are properly trained to safely use the tool.
 Ensure you have the correct PPE for the task, some tools require different PPE
to others.
 If the tool has guarding or other safety devices they shall be fitted as per the
manufacturers specifications
 Inspect the tool for damage and or wear before use.
 Specially designed tools may be needed in hazardous environments. (Always
use non-sparking tools in the presence of flammable vapours or dusts. Insulated
tools with appropriate ratings must be used for electrical work).
 Never modify or alter a tool from its original manufacturers design.
 Never use homemade tools unless authorised to do so (check the prohibited
items register).
 Never use a tool that is prohibited from site (check the prohibited items register).
 If in doubt stop the task and seek further advice before recommencing.

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

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 Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1. Write OHS requirements for using hand tools. (10 point)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 6 and 10 points Unsatisfactory - below 6 and 10 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Answer -Check -1 Written Test

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 Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:
1.

Note: Satisfactory rating - 6 and 10 points Unsatisfactory - below 6 and 10 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-3 Recognizing OHS requirements for using power tools.

Recognizing OHS requirements for using power tools.

SAFE USE OF POWER TOOLS

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All power tools can be dangerous if both general and tool specific safety instructions are
not followed carefully. General safety instructions apply to all electric (corded and
cordless), pneumatic & hydraulic power tools.

All Power Tools

 Assess the risks before using tools i.e. S.T.A.R Cards.
 Ensure you are properly trained and authorised to safely use the power tool.
Always read and understand the tool‘s operator‘s manual, tool markings and
the instructions packaged with the accessory before starting any work.
 Ensure you have the correct PPE for the task, some tools require different
PPE to others.
 If the power tool has guarding or other safety devices they shall be fitted as
per the manufacturers specifications
 Inspect the power tool for damage and or wear before use.
 Horseplay with any tool is strictly prohibited
 Do not operate power tools in explosive atmospheres, near flammable liquids,
gases, or dust.
 Wait for the tool to stop spinning before placing it on the ground or bench
 Always switch off the tool and remove the plug before making adjustments
 Remove adjusting keys and spanners before operating
 Never modify or alter a power tool from its original manufacturers design.
 Never attempt to repair a faulty power tool unless authorized to do so
 Never use a tool that is prohibited from site (check the prohibited items
register).
 Take all damage power tools out of service by attaching a warning tag
 If in doubt stop the task and seek further advice before recommencing.
 Explosive Power Tools are prohibited

Electric Power Tools (corded and cordless)

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  Wired electric and cordless power tools shall be tested and tagged and only used
on a RCD protected circuit.
 The use of extension leads will be used in accordance with the requirements set
out in the Arrium / One Steel Electrical Safety Manual
 Do not use AC tools on a DC power supply (vice-versa)
 Ensure the correct current rated circuit is used (never modify a 15amp plug to fit
into a 10amp socket)
 Do not use power tools in the rain or wet environments, approval from supervisor
required for
 some tools such as cordless power tools
 Do not carry a power tool by its power lead
 Store cordless battery packs away from other metal objects like paper clips,
coins, keys, nails, screws, or other small metal objects.
 Never overcharge battery packs – follow manufacturer‘s instructions
 Never disassemble a power tool or battery pack unless authorized to do so

Electrical Equipment

Another source of hazards are electrical machines and equipment. On the one hand
they ease the work very much, but on the other hand they can course accidents, when
not proper used or handled.

Danger from touching the power

The human body conducts the current;

if someone touches the machine body
his own body becomes part of the circuit,
so that the current can flow. Starting
from a current of 0.05 Ampere the
power can course dead.

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An inappropriate use of a hand lamp and Fig 24:- Danger tools arrangement

a confusing cable lining is dangerous. If the

Untidy terrible place cable is broken and

somebody touches the bucket, trowel or iron

bar or steps into the water he will suffer a

heavy electrical shock and may be dead.

The connecting cable of the mixer is

broken
and sets the machine under power. The
man
who touches the mixer stands in water and
is a pretty good conductor for the current.
The power goes through his body into the
ground. We are not sure weather he has
survived. Fig 24.1 :- Danger tools arrangement

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1. Haw to protect yourself from electrical hazard

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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 Answer -Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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 Finishing Construction Works
Level II

Learning Guide-22
Unit of Competence: Use solid plastering tools
and equipment
Module Title: Using solid plastering tools
and equipment
LG Code: EIS FCW2 M03 LO1-LG-22
TTLM Code: EIS FCW2 M03 TTLM 0919v1

LO3:- Select tools for project

Ethiopia / Adama

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 Instruction Sheet LO1: Select tools for project.

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Selecting Tools.
 Checking Tools for tags, serviceability and safety.
 Checking and maintaining Power tools.
 Selecting Equipment.
 Completing and checking Pre-operational.
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Select Tools.
 Check Tools for tags, serviceability and safety.
 Check and maintaining Power tools.
 Select Equipment.
 Complete and checking Pre-operational.

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 Learning Instructions

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below

3. Read the information written in the information Sheet

4. Accomplish the ―Self-checks, in each information sheets.

5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request
your teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you
finished answering the Self-checks).

Information Sheet-1 Selecting Tools.

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Hand tool used for solid plastering work.
Measuring tapes and rules-are used to take measurement. Tape is used to measure
dimensions of building parts and distances in site. It is manufactured from steel, plastic
or fibre in lengths of 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 30m, etc. and 50m. In using tapes for
measurements, the two points should be aligned perfectly. In addition, when long
horizontal measurements are needed, care should be taken to avoid sag on the tape
meters.
Scaffolding and work platforms: - is temporary framework of timber or steel elements,
having platforms at different levels, to enable the masons or plasterer to work at
different heights of a building.
Strike board - professional uses are made of metal or wood board to strike off board. It
gives as true smooth plaster surface. It usually require two workers to do the job.

Trowel: - This is a tool, which every plastering needs. Used for Picking up mortar out of
the barrel, spreading mortar on the wall, bed joints and cutting off excess mortar.

Sprit Level - is used to with straight edge for getting horizontal and vertical surface
levelness. The leveling tube is filled alcohol and bubble of air.

Straight edge: - is a cutting guide tool for copying a straight line from one location to
another or checking the straightness of a line already drawn. A straight edge with
equally spaced markings on it is called a ruler.

Water level and laser: - Consisted of a length of hose fitted with a glass tube at each
end. Water was added until it rose in both vertically held tubes; when the surfaces of the
water in each tube were at the same height.

String - is use to make layout in excavation and maintain alignments.

Plumb-Bob- is used to check only that surface vertical level.

Tray Squire - is used to check to get right angle.

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Bucket - is used to carry water, mortar, concrete from one place to another place
transporting in the construction site.

Spade - it used to mixing concrete and spreading excavation soil.

Float - could be made for metal, wood, sponge, plastic it used to have smooth mortar or
concrete finish.

Batching box - used for volume batch of concrete materials such as aggregate and
sad. the international standard size of the box 50x40x20cm, 50x40x18cm,
50x40x16cm.

Wheel barrow - it used to dispose disposal materials from transport or serve materials
and tools in the construction.

Information Sheet-2 Checking Tools for tags, serviceability and safety

When and how should you inspect powered hand tools?

 Inspect tools for any damage prior to each use.

 Check the handle and body casing of the tool for cracks or other
damage.
 If the tool has auxiliary or double handles, check to see that they
installed securely.
 Inspect cords for defects: check the power cord for cracking, fraying,
and other signs of wear or faults in the cord insulation.
 Check for damaged switches and ones with faulty trigger locks.
 Inspect the plug for cracks and for missing, loose or faulty prongs.

What should you do if you find a tool defective?

 If a tool is defective, remove it from service, and tag it clearly "Out of

service for repair".
 Replace damaged equipment immediately – do not use defective tools
"temporarily".
 Have tools repaired by a qualified person – do not attempt field repairs

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What should you do before using powered hand tools?

 Ensure that you have been properly trained to use the tool safely. Read
the operator's manual before using the tool and operate the tool
according to the manufacturer's instructions. Use only tested and
approved tools.
 Ensure that the power tool has the correct guard, shield or other
attachment that the manufacturer recommends.
 Prevent shocks. Ensure that the tools are properly grounded using a
three-prong plug, are double-insulated (and are labelled as such), or are
powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer: this will protect users
from an electrical shock.
 Check electric tools to ensure that a tool with a 3-prong plug has an
approved 3-wire cord and is grounded. The three-prong plug should be
plugged in a properly grounded 3-pole outlet. If an adapter must be
used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must be
attached to a known, functioning ground. NEVER remove the third,
grounding prong from a plug.

 Replace open front plugs with dead front plugs. Dead front plugs are
sealed and present less danger of shock or short circuit.

Information Sheet-3 Checking and maintaining Power tools.

Checking and maintaining Power tools.

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 Only tools and equipment which are in good condition may be used.
 Tools shall only be used for the purpose for which they were designed.
 Employees shall make frequent inspections of tools and equipment, and immediately
remove from service any items found defective.
 When using hand tools, the employee shall place himself in such a position that he
will avoid injury if the tool slips.
 Only soft faced hammers (brass, plastic, rubber, or similar materials) shall be used
on highly tempered steel tools such as cold chisels, star drills, etc. Proper eye
protection must be worn when performing such an operation.
 Files, rasps, and other tools having sharp tangs shall be equipped with approved
handles.
 Tools which are not in use shall be placed where they will not present a tripping or
stumbling hazard.
 Pointed tools shall never be carried edge or point up in pockets.
 Tools shall not be thrown from one worker to another, or to another working location.
 Extensions shall not be used on wrenches to gain leverage unless the wrench is
designed to be used in such a fashion.
 When cutting wire or any other material under tension, the material being cut shall
be secured to prevent the ends from snapping free.
 All power tools must be properly grounded before their use.
 Gloves shall not be worn when operating lathes, drill presses, power saws, or similar
equipment. Loose clothing must not be worn and long sleeves should be rolled up
prior to operation.
 Hooks, brushes, vacuums, or special tools shall be used to remove dust or chips.
Compressed air shall not be used.
 All machinery must be turned off when unattended.
 Maintenance, repairs, adjustments, and measurements must not be made while
saws, lathes, grinders, and similar equipment are in operation.
 Compressed air shall never be used to dust off clothing, or be directed toward
another person.

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 Saw blades, gears, sprockets, chains, shafts, pulleys, belts, and similar apparatus
shall not be operated without the proper guarding.
 Safety glasses, goggles, or face shields shall be worn when operating power tools

Checking and maintenance

 Before every use, look for signs of damage to blasting equipment and power
tools.
 Before use, check compressed air lines; check that any compressed air cutout
works properly.
 At least once a week, check the condition and operation of blasting equipment.
 At least once a quarter, maintain the equipment according to the manufacturer‘s
instructions.
 Keep this information in your testing logbook.
Use care when handling hawks and trowels as the edges can become sharp with use. Keep the
surfaces of application tools clean during use and when the work is done. Ensure that
application tools are dry before storing them. Never use a trowel for chipping or chopping.

Information Sheet- 4 Selecting Equipment

Selecting Equipment.

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Grinder - it is very use full for cutting like concrete steel or tiles.

Mixer - it used to mix the concrete mixers are available inform deferent
capacities mixer can produce 250 liter and up to 6000 liter it mixers are
driven with diesel, benzene and electrical power.

Wheel barrow - it used to dispose disposal materials from transport or serve

materials and tools in the construction
Compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing
its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

Diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often
an alternator) to generate electrical energy. This is a specific case of engine-generator.
A diesel compression-ignition engine is usually designed to run on diesel fuel, but some
types are adapted for other liquid fuels or natural gas.
Extension cable- to connect all electrical driven equipment properly

Manual plastering spray gun: - allows a plasterer to skim a drywall more than five
times faster than using a hand float to apply it.

Finishing Construction Works

Level II
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 Learning Guide-23
Unit of Competence: Use solid plastering tools and
equipment
Module Title: Using solid plastering tools and
equipment
LG Code: EIS FCW2 M03 LO1-LG-23
TTLM Code: EIS FCW2 M03 TTLM 0919v1

LO 4:- Use tools

Ethiopia / Adama

Instruction Sheet LO1: Use tools.

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This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Connecting and compressed Power and air supply.
 Following Start-up and shut-down procedures.
 Using Tools safely and effectively.
 Locating Tools safely.
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Connect and compressed Power and air supply.
 Follow Start-up and shut-down procedures.
 Use Tools safely and effectively.
 Locate Tools safely.

Learning Instructions

1.Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below

3. Read the information written in the information Sheet

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 4. Accomplish the ―Self-checks, in each information sheets.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request
your teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you
finished answering the Self-checks).

Information Sheet-1 connected and compressed Power and air supply

How to Use an Air Compressor

 The machine and its peripheral equipment should only be handled and
maintained by skilled, qualified personnel.
 Intake air should never be inhaled because it generally contains pollutants and
carbon monoxide that can be hazardous to your health. For these reasons and
more, it‘s essential to keep your workspace circulated with clean, natural air at all
times.
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  Monitor the air compressor‘s voltage. If any repairs are needed, lock-out, un-
power the machine and bleed the tank‘s pressure. If you have an air compressor
that has been designed primarily for indoor operations, don‘t allow it to be in
outdoor conditions exposed to, rain or wet environments.
 For optimal function, pneumatic tools must receive air at high pressure. It‘s never
wise to alter, eliminate, or evade a relief valve on a compressor because they‘re
strategically placed to help ensure your safety during operations.
 One of the most dangerous possibilities in a work setting is to allow a tank to
become rusty. This will make it more likely to combust. This situation could put
anyone near the tank in grave danger. For obvious reasons, it‘s crucial to keep
the tank drained with the underside valve on a day-to-day basis. In any case,
don‘t try to repair a rusted tank. Once rusting has occurred, the tank is due for a
replacement.
 If you work in an environment that‘s prone to high temperatures, there are steps
that can be taken to decrease moisture in the air. Try to increase the air
circulation within your work area. Also, consider operating the compressor for
longer durations, or setting up a peripheral crankcase heater. Adding a dryer to
the system will also remove moisture.
 If there‘s an electric drain valve on your air compressor, keep that part of the unit
no less than a foot and a half off the ground. Electric drain valves can‘t be
anywhere near moisture because they come equipped with sparking parts.
 Don‘t refuel your air compressor when it‘s currently activated or has been shut off
for only a short time. Refuels and oil changes should only be done when the
machine is cool.
 Before you power on the air compressor, make sure no tools have been pulled at
the trigger.
 Only plug your air compressor into an outlet with the proper grounding. If an
outlet isn‘t grounded properly, it could damage the electrical circuitry of the
machine and potentially ignite flames.

Air Compression Safety Tips

 Before activating any sort of pneumatic tool, it must be connected to a source of

air. Whenever a part is connected weakly or fitted loosely to a corresponding
piece of equipment, it can jeopardize the performance of the tool and leave you
vulnerable to injury.
 At the inlet, the air that goes in should be clean and free of moisture, with a
maximum of 90 psig pressure, unless the tool itself has a pressure rating set to a
higher level. If the maximum pressure rating of a particular tool is surpassed, it
could cause any given number of dangers, such as cracks, undue velocity, or
faulty pressure or output torque.
 In the event of anything going wrong with the air supply, make sure there is a
shutoff valve within reach at all times. If something goes wrong with an air hose
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 for example, if it starts flapping uncontrollably — don‘t try to control it manually.
Cut the air source before going near.
 If a hose malfunctions or comes apart at the coupling, whipping can be prevented
with two applications. One is an air fuse of proper size, which should be installed
in the hose upstream. The other is a whip-inhibiting device, which should be
placed along the coupling of a hose.
 All pneumatic tools require proper lubrication in order to function at maximum
efficiency. You must apply the recommended lubricants for any given tool in
question. However, it isn‘t wise to use a particular lubricant if you‘re unable to
verify whether or not it‘s flammable.
 Before you install, remove, fine-tune, or perform any kind of maintenance on your
pneumatic impact tools or accessory parts, do three things: shut off the source of
air, bleed the air pressure, and disengage the air hose.
 Never put your hands anywhere near the end of an active pneumatic tool. For
similar reasons, never allow clothing or hair to get anywhere close to the working
parts of such equipment. Most of all, never point the active end of a tool
anywhere near your body or face.
 Always position yourself in a firmly grounded place, and be mindful of the
unpredictable nature of an active piece of machinery. Make sure you‘re at a safe
distance from the working parts of a tool, in case abrupt changes in movement
occur.
 Be sure to check the air source itself on a regular basis to ensure optimal
performance and efficiency.
 The shutoff valve should always be visible and within reach when working with
compressed air.
 Don‘t allow grease or oil to deposit or linger on an air hose; grease can cause
hoses to deteriorate.
 Don‘t allow hoses or cords to hang along floors or aisles; doing so could cause
people to trip and possibly get injured and/or pull cords and cut power supplies.
As an alternative, suspend hoses overhead wherever possible.
 Compressed air is not suitable for cleaning clothing or human skin. When using
shop air for cleaning purposes, don‘t exceed 15 psi without the aid of a nozzle.
 Pneumatic tools are capable of generating static energy, and must therefore be
grounded whenever activated. This is especially true when in the presence of
flammable or combustible elements, such as fuel or explosives.

Tips for Air Receivers, Distribution Lines, and Pressure Regulation Devices

 Inspection openings are essential on all air tanks and receivers. If a tank is under
five square feet in volume, it should be equipped with pipe lug openings. If a
tank‘s diameter exceeds 36 inches, it should feature a manhole.
 For the purpose of interior inspections, intake and exhaust pipes should be
detachable on smaller tanks.
 Barring the presence of an automatic drain, an air receiver needs to be drained
on a regular basis in order to prevent liquid buildup on the inside.
 Every air receiver should feature a pressure gauge, as well as a suitable ASME
safety valve.
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  To keep the working pressure from going over the recommended maximum,
every receiver should contain a spring-loaded release valve.
 Don‘t allow air hoses to get kinked or bent. Check air lines on a regular basis for
flaws, ruptures, or any other imperfections. Immediately replace all defective air
lines.
 To prevent the maximum working pressure on a given air line from being
exceeded, use tags to mark the psi on each one.
 The safety valves on an air tank should be set at least 10 percent higher than the
compressor‘s operating pressure, but should never exceed the working pressure
limit of the air receiver.
 If a device is used in freezing temperatures, the safety valves should be
positioned to prevent water from gathering inside. If a valve becomes frozen, it
must be thawed and emptied out before the compressor is reactivated.
 The intake should only receive air from a fresh, pure, natural, outdoor source. To
help the intake air stay pure, apply a screen or filter at the intake valve.
 Never run an air compressor at speeds that exceed the maximum level
recommended in the accompanying manual of instructions.Basic Maintenance
of Compressed Air Equipment
 For an air compressor to function for as many years as possible at its maximum
potential, it needs to be cleaned on a regular basis. As part of that process, a
purging of the air system should follow each cleaning.
 When performing maintenance on a machine, lock open the compressor‘s
electrical switch and tag it as such so that it isn‘t started by mistake.
 Any type of electric air compressor, whether portable or stationary, should be
disconnected from its power source before performing maintenance, cleaning, or
lube work.
 Any part of an air compressor that is exposed, yet doesn‘t carry currents, should
be grounded.
 When lubricating compressor parts, don‘t use low flash point oils; such lubricants
could possibly ignite flames or cause a combustion due to the high temperatures
at which compressors operate.
 Though it‘s important to keep machine parts lubricated, avoid over-lubrication;
too much can cause corrosion.
 Compressors that run on gas or diesel fuel should only be operated in outdoor
work environments.
 If any machines, tools, or components are placed directly outside of a work
facility, the exhausts should be pointed in the opposite direction of any openings
to the building, such as windows, doors, or air ducts.
 When it comes to cleaning carbon remnants from the various parts of an
unplugged, deactivated air compressor, it‘s safe to use a tower saturated with
lye-based water, but you should never use anything flammable, such as
kerosene.

Things to Remember When Using of Air Tools

No matter what tool is being used in a given project, it‘s vital to wear protective gear for
your ears and eyes at all times. The risks involved with failing to wear hearing guards
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might not always seem apparent at first, but side effects from the impact of noise are
often experienced later, in some cases years down the line.

Of all air compression safety tips, the most important is to use common sense when
working in such an environment. Be mindful of anyone within your work space and
make sure that no one is standing too close to an active, potentially dangerous piece of
machinery. Wear protective gear at all times when operating tools and machinery.
Perform regular maintenance on all the parts in the work area, and keep walking spaces
free of obstructions.

Consider asking local rescue workers and firefighters to tour your work space, so they
become familiar with your premises. This will give them a chance to familiarize
themselves with the rooms, halls, entryways, and exits. Knowledge of these parameters
can be extremely valuable in an emergency scenario.

Looking for New Air Compression Devices?

As one of the world‘s leading sellers of air compression products for nearly 100 years,
Quincy offers an array of machines and parts for many industries. With our one-of-a-
kind offers and round-the-clock support, we‘ve supplied and serviced businesses in the
automotive, manufacturing, and construction sectors among others..

People have various uses for compressed air, and at Quincy, we‘ve got them all
covered. With Quincy, there‘s no application too demanding for our top-of-the-line
products to handle with utmost ease and maximum efficiency. Everyone who shops
from us receives support from our authorized partners, day or night, as well as industry-
leading warranties on select compressor products.

If you‘re in the market for air compression devices or related equipment, visit our
website, where you can download whitepapers for more info on our wide range of
products

Information Sheet-3 Using Tools safely and effectively.

Using Tools safely and effectively

Good tools can be quite an investment, but if you take good care of them, they'll return
the favor. Keeping your tools properly stored, cleaned, and maintained will save you
time and money and make your DIY endeavors that much more rewarding.

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We're mostly talking about hand tools, power tools, and garden tools in this article, but
much of the same advice applies whether your tools of choice are kitchen knives,
crafting tools, or whatever else. Store them well, keep them clean and well-maintained,
and you won't be sorry.

Store Your Tools Properly

You have to work with the space you have. Maybe you hang them on pegboards,
maybe you store them in boxes, bags, or chests, or maybe you keep them in drawers or
on shelves in your shop. Whatever works for you is best.

Pegboards make a great storage system for tools. They let you see all your tools at a
glance and they can make use of wall space in a pretty efficient way. If you don't have
enough wall space, though, you can still take advantage of pegboards by building
a hinged system, a rolling pegboard, or even a portable pegboard storage system.

Build a Hinged Pegboard Storage System for Your Workshop

If one pegboard simply isn't enough to hang your tools, this flipboard system just might
give you…
Read more

Toolboxes also make for great tool storage, offering the primary advantage of
portability. While some people opt to store all their tools in toolboxes, for most, the
toolbox is a way of carrying around your most-used tools while leaving the bulk safely
stored on pegboards, shelves, or drawers. No matter what you're doing, though, you
can build a well-equipped toolbox for every level of DIY needs.

Rust is public enemy number one when it comes to tools. To avoid rust when storing
your tools:

 Keep your tools in a dry place. It seems obvious, but garages and basements
and other enclosed spaces can have humidity issues, especially if they are not
heated or air-conditioned. If you keep your tools in a location like this, especially
if you keep them out on shelves or pegboards, consider investing in a
dehumidifier to keep the dampness down. They're not terribly expensive,
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 especially compared to your investment in your tools, and most let you set a
humidity level so the dehumidifier turns on only when it needs to.

 Hang your garden tools. Even if you keep your garden tools inside the garage
or your shed, hang them so that they don't rest on the floor. Moisture can easily
creep up from concrete floors.

 Store power tools in their original cases. Unless you have a climate-controlled
workshop, your best bet for storing power tools in the hard plastic cases they
usually come with. Not only are they better-protected from humidity, they're just
better-protected in general.

 Use silica gel packs or rust collector. The silica gel packs that come in lots of
packaging are great at keeping moisture at bay. Toss them in drawers or
toolboxes and they can help keep rust away. You can also buy rust inhibitors for
the same purpose and even anti-rust liners for drawers and shelves.

Clean Your Tools After Every Use

Cleaning your tools may be the last thing you want to do after a day of work, but it's
essential for keeping your tools in good shape. And it really only takes a few seconds
per tool unless you've got something really nasty on your hands. It's well-worth the time
spent doing a little cleaning to save the time spent repairing a tool (or the money spent
replacing it) later.

Cleaning your tools doesn't have to be difficult at all if you're prepared:

 Hand tools: You can clean most hand tools by simply wiping them down with a
rag. If they're dirty, don't be afraid to give them a good wash with soap and water.
Just dry them well afterward. Spritz metal with a light coat of WD-40 and wipe
with a clean rag (you really just want to leave a light film on them to help keep the
rust away). Wipe wooden handles with a rag dampened with a little linseed oil.

 Garden tools: You can clean garden tools in much the same way as hand tools.
Wash them if necessary, dry, and oil them up. For a quick way to clean, some
people like to keep a bucket of sand mixed with a bit of oil. Just stab the tools

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 into the bucket a few times to clean and oil them at the same time. Some folks
use motor oil in their sand, but even the little bit of motor oil left on the tools can
harm your soil, so for garden tools, stick with linseed oil. You'll also want to rub
down wooden handles with a bit of linseed oil.

 Power tools: Power tools are a little trickier to clean. First, make sure the tool is
unplugged before you clean it. Next, you'll want to get all the dust off. An air
compressor can be really useful for that. Wipe down the surface of the tool and
then lubricate any moving parts. Machine oil is a fine choice for this, but you
should also check the manual that came with the tool to see if they have better
recommendations.

While you're at it, don't forget that your toolboxes, belts, and bags will need some care
as well. Clean out your toolboxes every once in a while by emptying them and wiping
them down. If you've got leather belts and bags, you'll want to condition the leather once
in a while. I keep a tub of Obenauf's Heavy Duty LP around and it's always worked
great. For bags and belts not made of leather, a quick wash should do the trick.

Inspect (and Repair) Your Tools Every Time You Use Them

e're going to assume you use your tools safely. You wear goggles and gloves when you
should and you follow the safety protocols recommended for your power tools. But
taking the time to inspect your tools every time you use them is one of the most
important things you can do to ensure not only your safety while using them, but the
longevity of your tools as well.

Take the time to look for the following:

 Loose, cracked, or splintered handles. If a wooden handle is damaged, it is

prone to breaking during use, which can cause injury to you or others. If a handle
is not spintered too badly, you can probably sand it down just fine. Sand against
the grain first if the handle is really rough and then sand with the grain until it's
smooth enough you can run your hand along it without feeling any chips or
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 splinters. Finish off with a coating of linseed oil. However, if the handle is cracked
or heavily splintered, you'll need to replace it.

 Mushroomed heads on tools like chisels and wedges. A mushroomed head

is exactly what it sounds like. An striking edge that should be sharp has gotten
malformed through use. If you use a tool in this condition, the head can shatter
on impact. Fortunately, you can solve this problem by keeping your tools
sharpened. Sharpen them whenever you notice a problem, but also plan to
sharpen them every six months or so just as a habit.

 Corrosion and rust. Depending on the level of corrosion or rust, the tool may be
unsafe to use. Try removing the rust yourself or just replacing the tool. Removing
rust from tools is actually pretty easy if the damage isn't too great.

 Cracked housing on power tools. If a power tool has anything more than a
simple hairline crack on the housing, don't use it. Unless you have the expertise
to repair it, you'll need to get it repaired by a professional.

 Power tools that don't start easily. If your tool needs a couple of tries to get
going or a little "push" to get the blade spinning, don't use it. Take the time to
clean and lubricate it and if that doesn't solve the problem, get it repaired. There
are some fixes you can take on yourself, such as replacing a belt on a sander or
maybe fitting in a new switch or power cord. But if you're not 100% sure you're
up to the repair, take it to a pro.

 Frayed insulation or exposed wires. Obviously, these are electrical hazards.

While some electrical tape might take care of a small problem temporarily, it's
best to have the tool repaired before using it.

Taking care of your tools does require a bit of a commitment, but you ask so much of
them it seems a small price to pay. Especially when a well-cared-for tool can reward
you with so much DIY goodness.

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Finishing Construction Works
Level II

Learning Guide-24
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Unit of Competence: Use solid plastering tools and
equipment
Module Title: Using solid plastering tools and
equipment
LG Code: EIS FCW2 M03 LO1-LG-24
TTLM Code: EIS FCW2 M03 TTLM 0919v1

LO 5:- Select plant and equipment.

Ethiopia / Adama

Instruction Sheet 1: Select plant and equipment.

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Identifying Function and limitations of plant and equipment.
 Selecting Plant and equipment.
 Identifying plant and equipment.
 Checking Plant and equipment

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This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Identify Function and limitations of plant and equipment.
 Select Plant and equipment.
 Identify plant and equipment.
 CheckPlant and equipment

Learning Instructions

2. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below

3. Read the information written in the information Sheet

6. Accomplish the ―Self-checks, in each information sheets.

7. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request
your teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you
finished answering the Self-checks).

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 Information Sheet-1 Identifying Function and limitations of plant and equipment

The term 'plant' refers to machinery, equipment and apparatus used for an industrial activity.
Typically, in construction, 'plant' refers to heavy machinery and equipment used
during construction works.

Most of the construction projects involve laborious work which is to be handled

by men and the equipment designed for doing the work undersigned.

It is difficult for workers to accomplish all things in a project and so there comes
the need for machines particularly the construction equipment (machinery) that is
widely used nowadays almost everywhere in the world.

For speedy and economic construction of a project, proper choice of equipment

is of preliminary importance for civil engineers. The versatile range of equipment

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available commercially involves the decision of people. There are few basic
things that are considered in selection of suitable equipment

But it is so coasty and most of plant and equipment depend on power.

Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1. What is Function and limitations of plant and equipment?

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Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Answer -Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

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You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
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 Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-2 Selecting Plant and equipment.

Factors affecting the selection of Plant and equipment are-

 Building Design- Building type , Project Duration

 Capability- Power Supply, Load Lifting Frequency, Operators Visibility
 Safety- Initial planning and Engineering
 Economy- Cost of move in, setup, and move out, Cost for rent, Productivity
 Site Conditions, Soil stability and ground conditions, Access road requirement
and site accessibility, Operating clearance.
 Physical Life: Age at which the machine worn out and can no longer reliably
produce.
 Profit Life: The profit over which the equipment can earn a profit.
 Economic Life: Time period that maximizes the profit over the equipment life.

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 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

8. Haw to protect yourself from electrical hazard

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
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 Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Answer -Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

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 Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Information Sheet-3 Identifying plant and equipment.

Automatic Plastering Wall Machine

Recently launched new machines has been developed to automate the plastering work
is very much demand for construction field. It is proposed to automate the plastering
work. The completed model was validated by testing the machine using the brick wall
and the statistical details of the manual work are also observed at the different
conditions.
 This innovative machine is unique and perhaps one kind of automated plastering
machinery ideally suitable for the construction/building industry.

 It works with conventional cement mortar which brings it to a smooth, flat finish
with variable and adjustable thickness to suit each application.

 It can plaster the wall automatically by moving up and down in vertical direction.

 It has two rails for rising and moving automatically, therefore it can be used for
different height and width of the wall.

 It has microcontrollers for controlling the motor to automatic extend of cement

flow and to automatic movement of hopper for cement discharge/plastering

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 Fig 1: Automatic Plastering Wall Machine

Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

1. Haw to protect yourself from electrical hazard?

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Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Answer -Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in
the next page:

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 and 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 and 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Score = ___________

Rating: ____________
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Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Finishing Construction Works

Level II

Learning Guide-25
Unit of Competence: Use solid plastering tools and
equipment
Module Title: Using solid plastering tools and
equipment
LG Code: EIS FCW2 M03 LO1-LG-25
TTLM Code: EIS FCW2 M03 TTLM 0919v1

LO 6:- Use plant and equipment.

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 Instruction Sheet LO1: Using Plant and equipment.

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Using Plant and equipment.
 Located Plant and equipment.
 Cleaning, maintaining and storing Plant and equipment.
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Use Plant and equipment.
 Locate Plant and equipment.
 Clean, maintaining and storing Plant and equipment.

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 Learning Instructions

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below

3. Read the information written in the information Sheet

3. Accomplish the ―Self-checks, in each information sheets.

4. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request
your teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you
finished answering the Self-checks).

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 Information Sheet-1 Using Plant and equipment.

SAFE USE OF POWER TOOLS

All power tools can be dangerous if both general and tool specific safety instructions are
not followed carefully. General safety instructions apply to all electric (corded and
cordless), pneumatic& hydraulic power tools.
All Power Tools
 Assess the risks before using tools i.e. S.T.A.R Cards.
 Ensure you are properly trained and authorized to safely use the power tool. Always
read and understand the tool‘s operator‘s manual, tool markings and the instructions
packaged with the accessory before starting any work.
 Ensure you have the correct PPE for the task, some tools require different PPE to
others.
 If the power tool has guarding or other safety devices they shall be fitted as per the
manufacturer‘s specifications
 Inspect the power tool for damage and or wear before use.
 Horseplay with any tool is strictly prohibited
 Do not operate power tools in explosive atmospheres, near flammable liquids,
gases, or dust.
 Wait for the tool to stop spinning before placing it on the ground or bench
 Always switch off the tool and remove the plug before making adjustments
 Remove adjusting keys and spanners before operating
 Never modify or alter a power tool from its original manufacturers design.
 Never attempt to repair a faulty power tool unless authorized to do so
 Never use a tool that is prohibited from site (check the prohibited items register).
 Take all damage power tools out of service by attaching a warning tag
 If in doubt stop the task and seek further advice before recommencing.
 Explosive Power Tools are prohibited
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Pneumatic & Hydraulic Power Tools
 Ensure the tool is well lubricated as per the manufacturer‘s recommendations
 Never alter, repair or modify a pneumatic or Hydraulic power tool
 Check the tool, the hoses and the compressor/hydraulic pumps prior to use
 Use safety clips or other safety devices on compressed air hoses
 Never use any other gasses in the place of compressed air
 Ensure that any hydraulic pumps are filled with the correct fluids and has sufficient
fluid levels
 Ensure that over pressurization warning devices are functional
 Always isolate air compressors and hydraulic pumps, ensuring that the pressure has
been released or controlled before making adjustments or tool changes.
Electric Power Tools (corded and cordless)
 Wired electric and cordless power tools shall be tested and tagged and only used on
a RCD protected circuit.
 The use of extension leads will be used in accordance with the requirements set out
in the Atrium/One Steel Electrical Safety Manual
 Do not use AC tools on a DC power supply (vice-versa)
 Ensure the correct current rated circuit is used (never modify a 15amp plug to fit into
a 10ampsocket)
 Do not use power tools in the rain or wet environments, approval from supervisor
required for some tools such as cordless power tools
 Do not carry a power tool by its power lead
 Store cordless battery packs away from other metal objects like paper clips, coins,
keys, nails, screws, or other small metal objects.
 Never overcharge battery packs – follow manufacturer‘s instructions
 Never disassemble a power tool or battery pack unless authorized to do so

1. Keep floors dry and clean to avoid slipping while working with or around
dangerous tools.
2. Keep cords from presenting a tripping hazard.
3. Never carry a power tool by its cord.
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 4. Use tools that are double-insulated or have a three-pronged cord and are
plugged into a grounded receptacle.

Power Tool Safety

Introduction

Because power tools are so common in construction, workers are constantly

exposed to a Variety of hazards. The very tool that makes their job easy and
efficient may one day be the cause of a tragic accident. It is good to be
reminded of good‐sense safety practices.
Which Power Tools Cause the Most Hand Injuries?

Considering how often they are used at construction sites, powered hand
tools cause relatively few hand injuries in the industry. In 2012, hand injury
claims amounted to only about 4.5 percent of all injury claims accepted for
the industry.
It should not come as too much of a surprise that saws, drills, and nail
guns account for most of the injuries (67 percent). However, let‘s look at the
top 10 most dangerous portable power tools: saws (except chainsaws)
1. Saws (except chainsaws)
2. Drills
3. Nail guns
4. Jackhammers
5. Hand grinders
6. Chainsaws
7. Hand tools not otherwise classified
8. Sprayers‐paint
9. Hammers
10. Impact wrenches
Guards

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 The exposed moving parts of power tools need to be safe‐guarded. Belts,
gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, flywheels, chains, or
other reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment must be guarded.
Machine guards, as appropriate, must be provided to protect the operator
and others from the following:
 point of operation
 in‐running nip points
 rotating parts
 flying chips and sparks
Safety guards must never be removed when a tool is being used.

Follow these rules when using circular saws:

 Portable circular saws with a blade greater than 2 inches

(5.08 centimeters) in diameter must be equipped at all
times with guards.
 An upper guard must cover the entire blade of the saw.
 A retractable lower guard must cover the teeth of the saw,
except where it makes contact with the work material.
The lower guard must automatically return to the covering position when the
tool is withdrawn from the work material.

Grooming

Protect your hair, scalp, and head. Pull back long hair in a band or a cap to
keep it from getting caught in tools or moving parts. Be extremely careful
with long hair when using a drill or drill press.
Operating Controls and Switches

Power tools must be fitted with safety switches; they are extremely
hazardous when uses dim properly. The types of power tools are determined
by their power source: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and powder‐
actuated.
Constant‐Pressure Switches and Controls

The following hand‐held power tools must be equipped with a constant‐

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pressure switch or control that shuts off the power when pressure is
released:
 drills
 tappers
 fastener drivers
 horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels more
than 2 inches (5.08 centimeters) in diameter
 disc sanders with discs greater than 2 inches (5.08
centimeters)
 belt sanders
 reciprocating saws
 saber saws
 scroll saws, and jigsaws with blade shanks greater than 1/4‐
inch (0.63 centimeters) wide
 circular saws having a blade diameter greater than 2 inches
(5.08 centimeters)
 chain saws
 percussion tools with no means of holding accessories
securely
 other similar tools
These tools also may be equipped with a ―lock‐on‖ control, if it allows the
worker to also shut off the control in a single motion using the same finger or
fingers.
Grounding

The term "ground" refers to a conductive body, usually the earth. "Grounding"
a tool or electrical system means intentionally creating a low‐resistance path
to the earth. When properly done, current from a short or from lightning
follows this path, thus preventing the buildup of voltages that would otherwise
result in electrical shock, injury and even death. View this animation to see
what happens when grounding is improper.
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Under certain conditions, even a small amount of electric current can result in
fibrillation of the heart and death. An electric shock also can cause the user
to fall off a ladder or other elevated work surface and be injured due to the
fall.
To protect the worker from shock and burns at work, make sure electrical
powered tools have a three‐wire cord with a ground. They must also be:
• plugged into a grounded receptacle
• Double insulated
• powered by a low‐voltage isolation transformer
Three‐wire cords contain two current‐carrying conductors and a grounding
conductor. Any time an adapter is used to accommodate a two‐hole
receptacle, the adapter wire must be attached to a known ground. The third
prong must never be removed from the plug.

General safety tips for hand and power tools:

 Buy quality tools. Many tools, including cutters and hammers, should be made of
steel and should be heat-treated.
 Regularly inspect tools to make sure they are in good shape and fit for use.
 Be sure to maintain your tools by performing regular maintenance, like grinding
or sharpening. Always follow the manufacturer‘s instructions.
 Dress for the job by avoiding loose clothing or articles that can get caught in a
tool‘s moving parts, like jewelry.
 Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, like leather gloves.
 Use the right tool for the job. In other words, don‘t try to use a wrench as a
hammer.
 Make sure that your feet are planted on a stable surface.
 Be aware of the people around you and make sure they stay clear of the tools
you are using.
 Never carry tools up a ladder by hand. Instead, use a bucket or bag to hoist tools
from the ground to the worker.

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  When working at heights, never leave tools lying out in the areas where they
could present a hazard to workers below.
 When appropriate, secure work with a clamp or vise to keep it from slipping.
 Never carry pointed tools in your pocket. Carry them in a toolbox or cart instead.
 Inspect your tools on a regular basis, checking for damage. Report damaged
tools to your supervisor.
 Make sure to keep extra tools handy in case the tool you had planned to use is
damaged.
 Make sure tools are stored in a safe place.

Safety tips for electric power tools:

 Keep floors dry and clean to avoid slipping while working with or around
dangerous tools.
 Keep cords from presenting a tripping hazard.
 Never carry a power tool by its cord.
 Use tools that are double-insulated or have a three-pronged cord and are
plugged into a grounded receptacle.
 Do not use electric tools in wet conditions unless they are approved for that use.
 Use a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) or an assured grounding program.
 Use appropriate PPE.

Safety tips for pneumatic tools:

 Verify that all parts of the tool are fastened securely before use.
 Never point a compressed air gun at yourself or another person.
 When you are finished using the tool, make sure that the pressure is released
before you break the hose connections.
 Use a safety clip or retainer to prevent attachments from being ejected during
operation, and use a chip guard when using high-pressure compressed air for
cleaning. Be sure to limit the nozzle pressure to 30 pounds per square inch.
 Always wear eye protection.
 Use screens to protect nearby workers from flying fragments.

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  Never leave your tool unattended.
 Never store a loaded air gun. For more information on hand and power tool
safety.

Information Sheet-2 Located Plant and equipment.

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 How to Store Hand and Power Tools

Most people have a variety of tools at their home from small hand tools like
screwdrivers or wrenches to large power tools usually found in workshops or tool shops.
Tools are stored all around the home from the basement to the garage, but if not stored
properly, they can rust and break. Hand and power tools have different requirements for
care and storage.

Hand and Power Tool Storage Ideas

So to keep these tools safe and in good working condition, where and how should they
be stored? Most people will keep their tools in their home in the basement, in a
workshop or in the garage. There are many different home tool storage ideas that you
can find at your local hardware store. A handy way to keep tools stored at home is to
hang peg boards on the walls of your work room, in the garage or basement. This will
keep tools off the floor and organized. For smaller tools and accessories, use a drawer
storage system to protect from dust.

Power Tool Storage Rack

If you are in a crunch for space, a power tool storage rack is a smart solution for
keeping your power tools organized. A power tool storage rack will also display your
power tools so you won‘t waste precious time fumbling around looking for the right tool.

Power Tool Storage Cabinet

If you are looking to keep your power tools neat and organized in your garage or tool
shed, consider buying or making a power tool storage cabinet. Some power tool storage
cabinets even come with the capabilities of charging your tools. How to prepare and
Store Tools In order to keep tools in good working condition during storage, there are
some basic preparatory steps that should be taken. Consult the manufacturer‘s
instructions for specifics on how to store power or hand tools. It is important to follow the
cleaning and storage instructions, especially for larger power tools such as power saws
or drills.

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 1. To keep tools tidy, clean them after each use. Wipe down with a rag or
towel to be sure that they are free of dirt, grease and debris.
2. As you do your cleaning, check for damage or defects. If the tool cannot
be repaired, then throw it away. Do not leave it to clutter up extra space.
3. Clean every metal surface with an approved solution and scrape away any
soil and dirt. Completely dry the tool with a towel or rag before it is placed
in storage.
4. Coat the metal parts of the tools with a lubricant metal protector spray.
5. Do not place tools directly on the ground for storage. Place small hand
and power tools on shelving.
6. Store short-handled tools in a plastic bin or box.
7. Tie together long-handled tools in a garbage can while in storage.
Otherwise hang these tools on a wall.
8. Power tools should have all surfaces cleaned and completely dry before
storage. Spray lubricant on all metal surfaces.

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 Finishing Construction Works
Level II

Learning Guide-26
Unit of Competence: Use solid plastering tools and
equipment
Module Title: Using solid plastering tools and
equipment
LG Code: EIS FCW2 M03 LO1-LG-26
TTLM Code: EIS FCW2 M03 TTLM 0919v1

LO 7:- Clean up

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 Instruction Sheet LO1: Clean up.

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Clearing work area and materials.
 Cleaning, maintaining and storing Plant, tools and equipment
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Clear work area and materials.
 Clean, maintaining and storing Plant, tools and equipment

Learning Instructions

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below

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 3. Read the information written in the information Sheet

9. Accomplish the ―Self-checks, in each information sheets.

10. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request
your teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you
finished answering the Self-checks).

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 Information Sheet-1 Clearing work area and materials.

What is an example of a workplace clearing work area and materials for

construction sites?

DO


Gather up and remove debris to keep the work site orderly.

Plan for the adequate disposal of scrap, waste and surplus materials.

Keep the work area and all equipment tidy. Designate areas for waste materials
and provide containers.
 Keep stairways, passageways, ladders, scaffold and gangways free of material,
supplies and obstructions.
 Secure loose or light material that is stored on roofs or on open floors.
 Keep materials at least 2m (5 ft.) from openings, roof edges, excavations or
trenches.
 Remove or bend over nails protruding from lumber.
 Keep hoses, power cords, welding leads, etc. from laying in heavily travelled
walkways or areas.
 Ensure structural openings are covered/protected adequately (e.g. sumps,
shafts, floor openings, etc.)
DO NOT

 Do not permit rubbish to fall freely from any level of the project. Use chutes or
other approved devices to materials.
 Do not throw tools or other materials.
 Do not raise or lower any tool or equipment by its own cable or supply hose.
 Flammable/Explosive Materials
 Store flammable or explosive materials such as gasoline, oil and cleaning agents
apart from other materials.
 Keep flammable and explosive materials in proper containers with contents
clearly marked.
 Dispose of greasy, oily rags and other flammable materials in approved
containers.
 Store full barrels in an upright position.
 Keep gasoline and oil barrels on a barrel rack.
 Store empty barrels separately.
 Post signs prohibiting smoking, open flames and other ignition sources in areas
where flammable and explosive materials are stored or used.
 Store and chain all compressed gas cylinders in an upright position.
 Mark empty cylinders with the letters, and store them separately from full or
partially full cylinders.
 Ventilate all storage areas properly.
 Ensure that all electric fixtures and switches are explosion-proof where
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 flammable materials are stored.
 Use grounding straps equipped with clamps on containers to prevent static
electricity buildup.
 Provide the appropriate fire extinguishers for the materials found on-site. Keep
fire extinguisher stations clear and accessible.

Information Sheet-2 Clean, maintaining and storing Plant, tools and equipment

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Construction tools and equipment suffer a lot of wear and tear. Hence, it is important to
maintain them regularly. This will help increase the service life as well as the
performance of the equipment. Precautionary maintenance of tools and equipment will
also help reduce unwanted expenses related to broken or faulty equipment. Small
problems generally lead to bigger issues if left unattended. Perform all cleaning and
repair work as soon as you see any signs of damage or neglect. This will keep your
instruments from failing you at crucial moments.

Clean your tools. Cleaning the tools regularly is essential to their proper functioning.
After a day of work, your tools will be covered with some amount of dirt. It‘s important to
clean them after you‘re finished using them. Although a thorough cleaning is not
required on a daily basis, make sure you clean your tools regularly. When cleaning your
tools, don‘t use chemicals that are extremely harsh. Follow the manufacturer‘s
guidelines for proper cleaning and maintenance

Protect electrical cords. Airlines and electrical cords are prone to heavy damage since
they are generally in the way of construction vehicles, and foot traffic. Other machinery
like forklifts, drills, etc. can easily cut through wires. To keep the wires and airlines from
getting damaged, it is important to protect them. You can cover the electrical cords with
industrial strength casings or purpose-built ramps.

Store tools with care. Storing tools properly is of prime importance. Although tools are
designed for rough use, it is important to store them properly. Cover up your tools to
keep dirt and rain away from the machine. If the tools aren‘t used for a long time,
inspect them regularly for signs of damage, wear and tear, corrosion, etc.

Finishing construction work level Version year 2019 GC. Page 1 of 120
II Version- 1 Authority: FTVET Agency