RESEARCH discipline.

This enables the students to gain a

broad knowledge and specialized skills for safe
- is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing,
practice. For example, research can help
and interpreting information in order to
determine whether a lecture is a better method
increase our understanding of a phenomenon
than an experiment in teaching Science.
about which we are interested or concerned
(Leedy & Ormrod, 2013). CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
- It starts with a problem; then followed by the
1. REALISTIC – this is a realistic undertaking that
collection of data and analysis of facts, which
must result in empirical data. Empirical data are
are critical and reaching decisions based on
those derived from actual observations of a
actual observations.
phenomenon, interviews of people who
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH witnessed an incident, analysis of first-hand
document sources, and other actions that yield
- To inform action
valid evidence of one’s investigations.
- To prove or generate a theory
2. LOGICAL – research follows valid, definite
- To augment knowledge in a field or study.
principles, frameworks, and procedures. These
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE are proper, logical, and ethical approaches to
searching for answers to a specific question.
- Research provides a scientific basis for any Failure to follow these procedures correctly
practice or methodology in any field or may yield to invalid and unreliable outcomes.
discipline. This is important since the entire 3. CYCLICAL – research is cyclical. It starts with
system or operation and all the stakeholders of one problem and ends with another. As soon as
an institution or organization are at stake. a research question is answered, other
Without a scientific basis, someone may be questions may arise. This process continues
affected or may suffer. For example, in the field until such time that a purified body of
of medicine, a new drug must first be tested to knowledge is attained.
determine its efficacy in curing sickness before 4. ANALYTICAL – after employing strictly and
it can be prescribed. correctly the predetermined procedure and
- Research is undertaken for continuous gathering empirical data, the latter must be
development and further productivity in any analyzed to elicit the desired meaning from the
field. Any system that will be utilized in any obtained information. Proper analysis of the
organization must be first tried to determine its data should be done before making the final
value and it must be better than the previous conclusions.
system used. Simply, research is the result of 5. OBJECTIVE – objectivity is defined as the lack
advancing knowledge from the past. of bias or prejudice. Analysis and interpretation
- Research helps develop tools for assessing the of data, and drawing out implications from
effectiveness of any practice and operation research data must be free of bias and
such as psychological tests, intelligence alteration to favor a certain hypothesis, a
quotient tests, and psychological assessments, personality, or an organization.
among others. This importance of research is 6. CRITICAL – the research is said to be critical
observed in behavioral science, physical when the researcher is careful and precise in
science, and others as well. processing ideas and judgment. In this way, the
- Research provides solutions to problems credibility of the researcher plays an important
concerning most all issues encountered in the and critical role in qualitative research.
different areas of work. Some issues include 7. REPLICABLE – research procedures must be
the tardiness of employees, incentives given to written clearly and chronologically for them to
the staff, sportsmanship among school athletes, be replicable, such as the other researchers can
and the implementation of a “clean and green” redo or repeat the investigations with the intent
program in school. This also applies to higher- of verifying the generated information.
level problems.
- Research impacts decision-making. It is a WHAT IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?
common mistake for people to make decisions
- Qualitative Research is a scientific method of
without solid information to back them up. It
observation to gather non-numerical data.
requires time, effort, and money to gather the
- It refers to the meanings, concepts,
evidence needed for making a sound decision.
characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and
For example, for a teacher to change his or her
descriptions of phenomena, and not to their
teaching methodology for the first-period and
counts or measures.
last-period classes, he or she must conduct a
study considering the time element, enthusiasm NATURE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
to teach, academic standing of the students,
- Qualitative Research is a process of naturalistic
instructional aides used, and several other
inquiry that seeks an in-depth understanding of
factors.
social phenomena within their natural setting.
- Research develops and evaluates alternative
- Qualitative Research seeks to answer the
approaches to the educational aspects of any
“Why”, “In what ways”, “What”, and “Is there a
 significant difference/relationship” of the researchers should carefully consider the strengths and
phenomena. weaknesses of qualitative research before deciding to
- Qualitative Research uses multiple systems of use it in their research projects.
inquiry for the study of human phenomena such
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCHER
as biography, case study, historical analysis,
discourse analysis, ethnography, grounded 1. INTELLECTUAL CURIOSITY
theory, and phenomenology. A successful researcher is curious and
determined to investigate the intricacy of
PURPOSE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
things. Taking pleasure in reading journals,
- Qualitative Research promotes a deep, holistic finding out different trends in research, and in
understanding of a particular phenomenon. discovering and learning new things is also a
trait of a curious individual.
STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
A researcher undertakes deep thinking and
- In-depth understanding: Qualitative research inquiry of the things and situations around him.
allows researchers to gain a deeper
understanding of the attitudes, beliefs, and 2. EFFICIENT
experiences of participants. It enables Efficiency is manifested in the proper use of
researchers to explore the underlying meanings time, effort, and sources for an intended
of behaviors, emotions, and experiences. purpose. In other words, efficiency is doing the
- Flexibility: Qualitative research is flexible and right thing.
adaptable. Researchers can adjust their Qualitative researchers must be efficient in
methods as they go along to better capture the managing research schedules because most
data they need. often they deal with people, soliciting
- Contextualization: Qualitative research cooperation and time when gathering data.
provides rich contextual data that can help to
explain complex phenomena. It allows 3. LOGICAL
researchers to explore the social, cultural, and Qualitative researchers usually follow
historical factors that influence people's procedures identified by the scientific method
behaviors and experiences. in finding out answers to their queries. Because
- Participant voice: Qualitative research of this use of the scientific method, researchers
prioritizes the voices and experiences of are described to be logical.
participants. It allows participants to share their
stories and perspectives, which can lead to 4. EFFECTIVE
more meaningful and impactful research Qualitative researchers must know how to
findings. foresee errors so that they can be addressed
immediately, if not totally avoided.
WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

- Subjectivity: Qualitative research is often 5. ACTIVE

criticized for its subjectivity. The interpretation Qualitative researchers always respond to the
of data is influenced by the researcher's own challenges of the modern world. They get
biases and perspectives, which can lead to involved in all research opportunities available
potential inaccuracies in the findings. to them and collaborate with others in research
- Limited generalizability: Qualitative research activities relevant to their expertise. They must
usually involves small sample sizes and is not also be active in sharing information and
intended to be representative of a larger helping others researchers to further advocate
population. Therefore, the findings of their research areas.
qualitative research cannot be generalized to
other populations. 6. PRACTICAL
- Time-consuming and costly: Qualitative Another good quality that a researcher must
research can be time-consuming and expensive. emulate is practicality. In the event where
It often requires a significant amount of resources are limited, researchers must be able
resources, including researcher time, to find ways to make use of the given resources
equipment, and funding. and locally available materials to compensate
- Lack of quantifiability: Qualitative research for the things needed without compromising
often produces data that cannot be easily the quality of the research output.
quantified or analyzed using statistical methods.
This can make it challenging to compare 7. INVENTIVE
findings across studies or draw definitive Researchers always have novel ideas. If a
conclusions. method is not feasible, they have alternative
procedures to attain the objectives of the
Overall, qualitative research is a valuable research research. They always try to find unique or new
method that can provide rich and detailed insights into ways to handle difficulties in solving a problem.
the attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of participants.
However, it is not without its limitations, and
 (Blankenship, 2010) Depending on the plan of the
8. HONEST research, data can be collected in the form of a survey,
Researchers display a high level of intellectual with a questionnaire, through observations, or from the
honesty. They are not swayed by what is literature. (Offord Centre for Child Studies, 2017;
expected, but rather by what is true. Regardless Human Kinetics, 2017)
of the results of their investigations, good
STEP 6: ANALYZE THE DATA
researchers report accurately their findings in
their reports. Analysis of data plays an important role in the
achievement of research aims and objectives.
9. COST-EFFECTIVE (Dudovskiy, 2016) Once the data have been collected,
Because of the limited resources, successful these must be analyzed in order to answer the original
researchers make it a point that these resources research question.
will not be wasted. To them, every single peso is
important and must be utilized properly. STEP 7: INTERPRET AND REPORT

In this final part, you will have to justify why you

THE RESEARCH PROCESS think that research aims and objectives have been
achieved. (Dudovskiy, 2016) Proofread the paper you
- Research is a process that requires patience and have created and report the results. There are different
thought. There is no easy way to make certain ways to share the results of your research, among them
that you have exhausted every resource and is by publication either in print or on the internet.
found the best research. Research is more of an Another is by sending or submitting the research report
art rather than a science. Below is a to those persons concerned or stakeholders such as
diagrammatic presentation of the steps taken policymakers, government officials, company or
when doing research. business executives, etc. Another way to share the
results of your research is through a colloquium where
STEP 1: DEFINE THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
the researcher presents orally the research report to an
The first step in the research process is to audience or to the public.
develop a research question. This can be a problem that
needs to be solved or some piece of information that is
missing about a particular topic. Answering this RESEARCH MISCONDUCTS
question will be the focus of the research study. (Offord
Centre for Child Studies, 2017) (a) FABRICATION - making up data or results and
recording or reporting them.
STEP 2: REVIEW THE LITERATURE
(b) FALSIFICATION - manipulating research materials, or
The researchers must now learn more about the changing or omitting data or results such that the
topic they are investigating. This not only provides research is not accurately represented in the research
important background information about the issue they record.
are researching., but it also tells them what other
studies have already been conducted, how they were (c) PLAGIARISM - the appropriation of another person's
designed, and what those studies found. In research, ideas, processes, results, or words without giving
you often do not want to repeat old studies, but rather appropriate credit.
add something new to the field. (Offord Centre for Child
Studies, 2017; Cornell University Library,2016)

STEP 3: FORMULATE THE HYPOTHESIS

The hypothesis is a clear statement of what is

intended to be investigated. It should be specified
before research is conducted and openly stated in
reporting the results.

STEP 4: DESIGN RESEARCH

The research design refers to the overall

strategy that you choose to integrate the different
components of the study in a coherent and logical way,
thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the
research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the
collection, measurement, and analysis of data.

STEP 5: COLLECT DATA

The collection of data is a critical step in

providing the information needed to answer the
research question. Every study includes the collection of
some type of data-whether it is from the literature or
from subjects –to answer the research question.