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Manila

SPECIAL FIRST DIVISION

[ G.R. No. 227706, June 14, 2023 ]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. ALLAN ALMAYDA Y SELFIDES AND HOMERO
QUIOGUE Y ADORNADO, ACCUSED-APPELLANTS.

RESOLUTION

LAZARO-JAVIER, J.:

This Motion for Reconsideration1 assails the Resolution2 dated November 11, 2021 of the Court which
affirmed the conviction of accused-appellants Allan Almayda y Selfides (Almayda) and Homero Quiogue y
Adornado (Quiogue) for violation of Section 5, Article II of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 9165, otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.3
The Facts

By Information dated April 20, 2012,4 accused-appellants were charged with violation of Section 5, Article
II, of Republic Act No. 9165, thus:
That in (sic) or about the 19th day of April 2012, in the City of Legazpi, Philippines and
within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring,
confederating and helping each other for a common purpose, did then and there willfully,
unlawfully and feloniously sell and deliver to a poseur-buyer two (2) heat-sealed transparent
plastic sachets containing methamphetamine hydrochloride popularly known as shabu, a
dangerous drug, weighing 0.318 gram and 0.072 gram respectively in consideration of four
thousand five hundred pesos (P4,500.00), without authority of law.
CONTRARY TO LAW.5
On arraignment, accused-appellants pleaded not guilty. Trial ensued.6
Prosecution's Version
In March 2012, a confidential informant reported to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
Regional Office V the illegal drug activities of Quiogue and an alias "Kalaw," who later turned out to be
Almayda. A buy-bust operation was, thus, organized consisting of PDEA Agent Mari-Niña Z. Belo, as team
leader, Agent Daniel Tan (Agent Tan), as poseur-buyer, Agent Enrique Lucero (Agent Lucero), as arresting
officer, and other PDEA agents, as members. The confidential informant arranged a meeting with accused-
appellants to purchase ₱2,000.00 worth of shabu on April 18, 2012.7
 On even date, only Almayda showed up at the meeting place to tell the confidential informant and Agent
Tan that he could only sell a minimum of ₱4,500.00 worth of shabu. They, thus, agreed to meet the following
day at 7th Inn's Bulaluhan Resto Bar (7th Inn).8
On April 19, 2012, the team proceeded to 7th Inn. There, Almayda handed two heat-sealed transparent
plastic sachets containing white crystalline substance to Agent Tan. After examining the sachets, Agent Tan
gave Almayda the marked ₱4,500.00 buy-bust money. Almayda, in turn, passed the money to Quiogue. Agent
Tan took off his bull cap to signify to the team that the sale had been consummated and to arrest accused-
appellants.9
When the rest of the team arrived, Agent Lucero searched accused-appellants and recovered from
Quiogue the buy-bust money. While still at the scene of the crime, Agent Tan marked the two (2) plastic
sachets with "DMT A 4-19-12" and "DMT B 4-19-12," respectively. Photographs of the accused-appellants and
the seized items were also taken at the scene.10
Thereafter, they all proceeded to the PDEA Regional Office, where Agent Tan conducted the inventory of
the seized items in the presence of accused-appellants, Barangay Chairperson Ma. Jane Azotillo (Azotillo),
Barangay Kagawad Rolando Belbes (Belbes), media representative Romeo Romero (Romero), and Department
of Justice (DOJ) representative Jesus Arseneo Aragon (Aragon). After the inventory, Agent Tan brought the
seized items to the Philippine National Police (PNP) Crime Laboratory for forensic examination. PNP Medical
Officer Flora Bumalay (Bumalay) received the items and turned over the same to Forensic Chemist Wilfredo
Idian Pabustan, Jr. (Pabustan, Jr.). Per Chemistry Report No. D-53-2012 dated April 19, 2012, Forensic Chemist
Pabustan, Jr. found the specimens positive for methamphetamine hydrochloride.11
Defense's Version
Accused-appellants, on the other hand, testified that on April 19, 2012, Almayda came from a hearing of his
case before the Regional Trial Court, Branch 2, Legazpi City. After the hearing, he went to 7th Inn to meet up
with Quiogue. Suddenly, several PDEA agents arrived. Agent Lucero invited them to come with him to Camp
Ola to answer some questions. The agents handcuffed them, took their cash and cell phones, and brought
them to the PDEA office in Camp Ola.12
The Ruling of the Trial Court

By Judgment13 dated August 23, 2013, the trial court rendered a verdict of conviction, thus:
WHEREFORE, finding them GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of selling
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or "shabu[,"] a dangerous drug, defined and penalized under
Section 5, first paragraph, in relation to Section 26 (b) of R.A. No. 9165, otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, the Court hereby sentences accused ALLAN
ALMAYDA and HOMERO QUIOGUE to suffer life imprisonment and to pay the fine of One Million
Pesos (Php1,000,000.00), each accused.
....
SO ORDERED.14

The trial court gave full credence to the testimony of the prosecution witnesses who were PDEA agents
performing official functions and who had no motive to falsely testify against accused-appellants. It found the
chain of custody to have been duly established, thus, safeguarding the corpus delicti's integrity and evidentiary
value.15
The Proceedings Before the Court of Appeals

On appeal, accused-appellants faulted the trial court for rendering a verdict of conviction, despite the
alleged breaks in the chain of custody, viz.: (1) the seized items were not immediately inventoried and
photographed in the place where the alleged shabu was recovered; and (2) there was no testimony to explain
how Bumalay and Forensic Chemist Pabustan, Jr. both claimed to have received the alleged shabu from Agent
Tan.16
 For its part, the Office of the Solicitor General maintained that the trial court correctly found accused-
appellants guilty as all the elements of the crime were duly proven. The chain of custody was not broken; thus,
the integrity and evidentiary value of the seized item was preserved.17
The Ruling of the Court of Appeals

Under Decision18 dated August 11, 2015, the Court of Appeals affirmed.
Proceedings Before the Court
As stated, under Resolution19 dated November 11, 2021, the Court also affirmed. We ruled that prosecution
witness Agent Tan gave a detailed narration of the transaction and positively identified accused-appellants as
the persons who sold him the seized drugs.20 Too, the chain of custody was preserved. The fact that the
inventory was conducted in the PDEA Regional Office and not at the place of arrest was of no moment.21
In their Motion for Reconsideration22 dated April 7, 2022, accused-appellants plead anew for their acquittal. 1aшphi1

They maintain that the prosecution failed to establish an unbroken chain of custody. Notably, the inventory was
conducted in the PDEA office, contrary to the procedure set forth in Section 21 of R.A. No. 9165.
Our Ruling on Accused-Appellants' Motion for Reconsideration

We reckon with the chain of custody in drugs cases, specifically, the first link, which refers to the seizure
and marking which must be done immediately at the place of the arrest. Too, it includes the physical inventory
and photograph-taking of the seized drug which should be done in the presence of the accused or his/her
representative or counsel, together with an elected public official, a representative of the DOJ, and the
media.23
Here, it is undisputed that the physical inventory and photograph-taking of the seized items were
conducted at the PDEA Office, and not at the place of arrest. Poseur-buyer Agent Tan testified that he marked
the plastic sachets with "DMT A 4-19-12" and "DMT B 4-19-12" at the place of arrest, but the team then
returned to the PDEA office to conduct the inventory and photograph-taking in the presence of Barangay
Chairwoman Azotillo, Barangay Kagawad Belbes, media representative Romero, and DOJ representative
Aragon, and accused-appellants.24 Importantly, Agent Tan failed to give any justification why the inventory was
not conducted at the place of arrest.
In the recent case of People v. Casa,25 the Court settled that, in case of warrantless seizures, the inventory
and taking of photographs generally must be conducted at the place of seizure. The exception to this rule—
where the physical inventory and taking of photographs of the seized item may be conducted at the nearest
police station or at the nearest office of the apprehending officer or team—is when the police officers provide
justification that: (1) it is not practicable to conduct the same at the place of seizure; or (2) the items seized are
threatened by immediate or extreme danger at the place of seizure.26
As held in Casa, when the police officers are able to provide a sensible reason, which is practicable,
consistent, and not merely generic or an afterthought, then the courts will recognize that the police officers
indeed may conduct the inventory at the nearest police station or the nearest office of the apprehending
officer/team. Such reason must be indicated in the affidavits of the police officers who participated in the buy-
bust operation.27
As stated, the prosecution witnesses here failed to give any justification, much less, a sufficient one, why
the inventory had to be conducted at the PDEA Regional Office instead of the place of arrest. Evidently,
therefore, the first and most important link was already broken early on.
As for the succeeding links, compliance with the requirements does not serve to cure the incipient breach
which attended early on the first link in the chain of custody. As held in People v. Ismael,28 there was already a
significant break such that there can be no assurance against switching, planting, or contamination even
though the subsequent links were not similarly infirm.29 In other words, there is no way by which the already
compromised identity and integrity of the seized drug items can ever be cleansed of its incipient defect. Hence,
accused-appellants must be acquitted as a matter of right.
 In view of the procedural infirmities in the chain of custody, the integrity and evidentiary value of the seized
items cannot be said to have been preserved. These procedural infirmities cast serious doubt on the identity
and integrity of the corpus delicti. The metaphorical chain did not link at all, albeit it unjustly restrained
appellant's right to liberty. 30 If the chain of custody procedure had not been complied with, or no justifiable
1aшphi1

reason exists for its non-compliance, as in this case, then it is the Court's duty to overturn the verdict of
conviction.31
As the Court stated in People v. Macud,32 we recognize the pernicious effects of dangerous drugs in our
society, but the efforts to defeat or eradicate these cannot trample on the constitutional rights of individuals,
particularly those at the margins of our society who are prone to abuse at the hands of the armed and
uniformed men of the State. Time and again, we have exhorted courts "to be extra vigilant in trying drug cases,
lest an innocent person is made to suffer the unusually severe penalties for drug offenses."33
ACCORDINGLY, the Motion for Reconsideration dated April 7, 2022 is GRANTED. The Resolution dated
November 11, 2021 of the Court is REVERSED. Accused-appellants Allan Almayda y Selfides and Homero
Quiogue y Adornado are ACQUITTED and ORDERED IMMEDIATELY RELEASED from detention, unless they are
being lawfully held for another cause.
Let a copy of this Resolution be furnished to the Director General of the Bureau of Corrections, Muntinlupa
City for immediate implementation. He is directed to report to the Court the action taken within five days from
receipt of this Resolution. Copies of this Resolution shall also be furnished to the Police General of the
Philippine National Police and the Director General of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency for their
information.
Let entry of judgment be issued immediately.
SO ORDERED.

Caguioa,** (Acting Chairperson) and M. Lopez, JJ., concur.

Footnotes
*
On Official Leave.
**
Acting Chairperson.
***
On Sick Leave.
1
Rollo, pp. 14-16.
2
Id. at 47-54.
3
Approved January 23, 2002.
4
Rollo, pp. 2-3.
5
Id.
6
Id. at 3.
7
Id.
8
Id.
9
Id. at 4.
 10
Id. at 4-5.
11
Id. at 5.
12
Id. at 5-6.
13
CA rollo, pp. 46-66.
14
Id. at 65-66.
15
Id. at 53-65.
16
Id. at 39-42.
17
Id. at 76-94.
18
Rollo, pp. 2-13; Penned by Associate Justice Leoncia Real-Dimagiba and concurred in by Associate
Justices Ramon R. Garcia and Ramon Paul L. Hernando (now a member of this Court).
19
Id. at 47-54.
20
Id. at 48.
21
Id. at 51.
22
Id. at 56-66.
23
People v. Omamos, 856 Phil. 391, 401-402 (2019) [Per J. Lazaro-Javier, Second Division].
24
Records, pp. 11-12.
25
G.R. No. 254208, March 13, 2023 [Per CJ Gesmundo, En Banc].
26
Id. at 19. This pinpoint citation refers to the copy of this Decision uploaded to the Supreme Court
website.
27
Id. at 24.
28
806 Phil. 21 (2017) [Per J. Del Castillo, First Division].
29
Id. at 34.
30
People v. Lacdan, 859 Phil. 792, 805 (2019) [Per J. Lazaro-Javier, Second Division].
31
People v. Año, 828 Phil. 439, 453 (2018) [Per J. Perlas-Bernabe, Second Division].
32
822 Phil. 1016 (2017) [Per J. Del Castillo, First Division].
33
Id. at 1042.

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