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11 1.38
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populationgrowth

gravity
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separationof variables

109
y Is a r growth rate k carryingcapacity
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ay t by t yet get therefore thesolutionisuniqueduetothe theorem

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 Math 334 Name: Clare Letendre
Practice Exam 1

1.
a) Solve the following initial value problem

ÿ + 4ẏ + 4y = 0,
y(0) = 2,
ẏ(0) = 1.
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sceaostczcos2cos

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b) Graph the solution.

Graph of y(t)

2.25
2
n initiitt
1.75
1.5
y(t)

1.25
1
0.75
0.5
111 1 it I t t 1 l
0.25
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
t

1
2)
a) Solve the IVP below
ẏ → 2y = 3et ,
y(0) = 1,
91
1 35
y hesfuctsquatye.es
aEfeat
y 3et at
y fetat
3

y 3Eᵗet C

yeszest 2

b) What is the domain of the solution?

x x

c) Is the solution unique? If so, explain why.

yeszest2 iscontinuous

dayaestiscontinuous
thereforethissolutionisuniqueduetothetheorem

2
 3. Consider the di!erential equation that models exponential growth:
dy
= ky,
dt
where y(t) represents the population at time t, and k = 0.2 is a constant growth rate.

a) Sketch the slope field for the di!erential equation in the y- dy

dt plane. Label the axes and include at
least 5 di!erent slope values. Describe the behavior of the slopes as y increases. How does the value of
k a!ect the slope field?
As yincreasestheslope 10
increases as well 111 1 1 17 1 1 2 1 11 1 1 21 1
19 jmineshowfastthe growth 9

8
11 11 1 21 1,1 felt
7

6 1 1 1 1 it it i l l l l l l l
5
dy
dt

4 Yi

2 1 1 11 111 l l l

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
y

EE
E
y u s1f 2cas
6
s1fy2c0s 1.2
98 1 21831.6
910 2403 2

3
 b) Solve the di!erential equation dy
dt = ky explicitly, assuming an initial condition y(0) = 1. Plot the
solution on the graph above. What does the value of k represent for the population growth?

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c) Explain why the solution you found is the only possible solution for the given initial condition.

the
therefore
the
EEmTnena aEon'st t.vaive

d) Suppose k > 0 is arbitrary and y0 = 100. Calculate the population at t = 10. If the growth rate
k were doubled, how would the population at t = 10 change? You do NOT need a calculator for this;
keep your answers in terms of e.

was
extremely
Iii III g

4
 4. Consider the logistic growth model with growth rate r = 0.2, K = 1 and carrying capacity K:
dy ! y"
= ry 1 → ,

it E
dt K
where y(t) represents the population at time t.

eaumrioms
stable 1 y

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

unstable t
5 10 15 20 25 30

a) Graph the equilibrium solutions of the logistic equation on the t-y plane Determine which equilibrium
solution(s) are stable and which are unstable?
1 is stable and O is unstable

b) Given the initial condition y(0) = y0 = 0.1K, write the explicit solution to the logistic equation:

y0 K
y(t) = .
y0 + (K → y0 )e→rt

Sketch the graph of y(t) for t ↑ 0. Label the axes, the carrying capacity K, and the initial condition
y0 = 0.1K.

yes y yosert
x yt k

5
d) Solve for when we are at 90% of the carrying capacity. Leave your answer in terms of Ln().

i
EIEE.EE
iny 2 f.zydt

e) Hard question (Answer me last): Prove or Explain why when the derivative of an ODE is negative at
the equilibrium solution this means that the solution is stable.
Thismeanstheslope isgettingcloser to 0which istheslopeof thestablesolution