NAME: PRIYANKA.
CLASS:2ND B.COM
SECTION: A
UUCMS NO: U18BP23C0123
SUBJECT: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
MACHINE LEARNING
Meaning of Machine Learning
Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers to
learn from data and make decisions or predictions without being explicitly programmed.
It involves developing algorithms that improve their performance over time as they
process more data.
ML has revolutionized industries by automating processes, enhancing efficiency, and
providing valuable insights from large datasets.
Machine learning algorithms is designed in such a way that they can learn and
improve their performance automatically.
Types of Machine Learning Algorithms
ML algorithms are broadly categorized into three types:
1. Supervised Learning
In supervised learning, the model is trained on labelled data, meaning that each input has
a corresponding correct output. The algorithm learns to map inputs to the correct outputs
by minimizing errors.
Types of Supervised Learning Algorithms:
1.Classification
Classification refers to algorithms that learn from labelled data to predict which category
or class a new, unseen data belongs to.
Different Classification Algorithms:
➢ Logistic regression
➢ Decision tree
➢ Random forest
➢ K-nearest neighbour algorithm (KNN)
➢ Naïve bayes algorithm
➢ SVM (Support Vector Machine)
2.Regression
Regression uses an Algorithm to understand the Relationship between dependent and
independent variables in the given data
Different Algorithms Used in the Regression :
➢ Linear Regression
➢ Regression by polynomial
➢ SVR (Support Vector Regression)
➢ Random Forest Regression
2. Unsupervised Learning
In unsupervised learning, the model is trained on unlabelled data and must find patterns
or structures within the data without predefined categories.
Types of Unsupervised learning:
1.Clusturing
➢ K-means Clustering
➢ Hierarchical clustering
➢ Density Clustering
➢ Mean Shift Clustering
2.Association Rule
➢ Apriori Algorithm
➢ FP-Growth Algorithm
➢ Efficient Tree Based Algorithm
➢ Eclat Algorithm
3. Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) involves training a model by allowing it to interact with an
environment and learn from rewards or penalties. It is widely used in robotics and gaming.
Types of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
1.Positive Reinforcement Learning
2.Negative Reinforcement learning
Applications of Machine Learning
Machine Learning has found applications in almost every industry, improving efficiency
and decision-making.
1. Healthcare – ML is used for disease diagnosis, drug discovery, personalized treatment,
and medical image analysis. AI-powered tools help doctors detect diseases like cancer at
an early stage.
2. Finance – Banks and financial institutions use ML for fraud detection, algorithmic
trading, credit scoring, and risk assessment. It helps in detecting unusual patterns and
preventing cyber fraud.
3. E-commerce – Online platforms use ML for personalized recommendations, chatbots,
customer segmentation, and demand forecasting, improving the user experience and
sales.
4. Autonomous Vehicles – Self-driving cars rely on ML for real-time decision-making,
object detection, and navigation, ensuring safe and efficient transportation.
5. Cybersecurity – ML algorithms detect malware, prevent cyber-attacks, and enhance
data protection by analysing suspicious activities.
6. Education – ML enhances learning through adaptive tutoring systems, plagiarism
detection, and student performance prediction.
7. Manufacturing – Industries use ML for predictive maintenance, quality control, and
supply chain optimization, reducing downtime and operational costs.
Advantages of Machine Learning:
Machine learning (ML) offers several advantages across industries. Here are some
key benefits:
1.Automation: Reduces manual effort by automating repetitive and time-consuming
tasks Enhances productivity and efficiency in various fields like finance, healthcare, and
manufacturing.
2.Improved Accuracy & Precision
ML models can process large amounts of data and identify patterns more accurately than
humans. Reduces errors in tasks such as medical diagnosis, fraud detection, and
financial forecasting.
3.Handling Large & Complex Data
Can process vast amounts of structured and unstructured data efficiently. Extracts
valuable insights from data that would be difficult for humans to analyse manually.
4.Better Decision-Making
Provides data-driven insights to support informed decision-making. Used in business
strategy, risk management, and predictive analytics.
5.Continuous Improvement
ML models improve over time as they learn from new data. Enhances performance in
applications like recommendation systems and customer service chatbots.
6.Cost Reduction
Automates processes, reducing labour costs and operational expenses. Helps
companies optimize resources, such as inventory and energy consumption.
7.Fraud Detection & Security
Identifies suspicious activities and detects fraud in banking, cybersecurity, and e-
commerce. Protects sensitive data through anomaly detection and encryption
techniques.
Conclusion:
machine Learning is transforming industries by enabling automation, improving decision-
making, and enhancing customer experiences. Its applications span finance, healthcare,
cybersecurity, manufacturing, and more.
With advancements in deep learning and artificial intelligence, ML continues to evolve,
offering new opportunities for innovation. In the future, ML is expected to become even
more integrated into everyday life, driving progress in fields like robotics, autonomous
systems, and personalized healthcare. As technology advances, businesses and
researchers must focus on developing fair, transparent, and efficient ML models to
maximize their potential benefits.
Machine Learning is not just a technological trend—it is a fundamental shift in how we
process information and make decisions, paving the way for a smarter and more
efficient world.
