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OPEN
CITIES
OPEN
DATA
COLLABORATIVE CITIES
IN THE INFORMATION ERA
EDITED BY SCOTT HAWKEN,
HOON HAN AND CHRIS PETTIT
Open Cities | Open Data
 Scott Hawken • Hoon Han
Christopher Petit
Editors

Open Cities | Open

Data
Collaborative Cities in the
Information Era
Editors
Scott Hawken Hoon Han
Urban Development and Design City Planning, Faculty of the Built
Faculty of the Built Environment Environment
University of New South Wales University of New South Wales
Sydney, NSW, Australia Sydney, NSW, Australia

Christopher Petit
Urban Science, Faculty of the Built
Environment
University of New South Wales
Sydney, NSW, Australia

ISBN 978-981-13-6604-8    ISBN 978-981-13-6605-5 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6605-5

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether
the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and trans-
mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or
dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or
the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Cover image: Anna Klepatckaya

Cover design: Tom Howey

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte
Ltd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
 Foreword

Open Cities Open Data addresses, and indeed links, two of the most
transformational processes at work in the contemporary world: urbanisa-
tion and digitalisation. While the academic, policy and indeed market
discussions about ‘Smart Cities’ have been underway for over a decade,
the chapters and research in this collection reflect a more recent, and I
think more interesting, re-framing of the discussion around what
Goldsmith and Crawford (2014) have termed the ‘data-driven and
responsive city’. Some commentators have questioned whether or not
‘Smart Cities’ itself remains a useful term or whether it has become tar-
nished by rhetorical overkill, under-delivery by city governments, or
over-selling by vendors of their technology. Regardless of these ques-
tions it is a fact that digital technologies and platforms have created an
exciting potential for improved city management and governance and
thus urban outcomes. That is to say we can, by leveraging ‘digital’ and the
fast-morphing reality of the Internet of Things with the right policies and
values, manage our cities in a smarter and more inclusive manner.
Given the decisive shift towards an urban future for the majority of the
world’s population and the strains that the world-historical process is
putting on our urban systems and infrastructure, nothing could be more
important than to ensure that as our cities get bigger, they get smarter
and more responsive to their inhabitants. We have already seen how tech-
nologies and platforms such as hand-held smart devices, social media,
v
vi Foreword

WiFi and fibre networks, have transformed service design and delivery
for consumers. They have also reduced the gap, blurred the distinction
even, between consumers and producers of products and services. We
have also begun to see the more digitally savvy and progressive public
bodies and city governments redesign their business processes and com-
munity engagement using such tools, with the best ensuring that their
city has access to the necessary digital infrastructure and the skills required
to benefit from it.
While we have been through bouts of technological determinism and
indeed optimism before, I think it is fair to conclude that the trend in
this direction is irreversible and welcome. We are moving towards a more
digitally enabled city government. With enhanced fibre networks, the
Internet of Things, and the advent of 5G, more data-driven and respon-
sive infrastructure networks and services will augur the first real instru-
mentalising of the Smart City and the making of active prosumers out of
once passive consumers. We will see digitally empowered communities
demanding to shape not just government service design and delivery but
also the very strategic planning objectives of their council and indeed
their city. We will also—through the proliferation of data from sensors in
infrastructure, the streets we walk on, the buildings we pass by, the energy
and water systems we deploy and the transport that we use, know as never
before about how our core urban systems are performing; both in relation
to expectations and in relation to other cities. In a digital era, ‘big data’
will be ubiquitous, whether or not it is formally released by governments
and councils to inform civil society about the development path of its
cities. In prospect, our governments and cities will have the opportunity
to be better managed but also more accountable through the translation
of Big Data into Open Data. With Open Data the true costs and benefits
of urban infrastructure—did those new roads really reduce congestion or
just make our cities worse?—will be evermore apparent.
This direction of technological development is, I believe, universally
applicable and the articles in the Open Cities Open Data collection pro-
vide insights of international relevance. The collection is of particu-
lar importance in Australia. This is because despite being one of the more
urban societies on the planet and notwithstanding Australia’s strong per-
formance in the wider region as a centre of tech start-ups and fintech
 Foreword vii

innovation, it would be hard to describe any Australian city as the lead in

terms of realising Smart Cities’ objectives. It is not one of the interna-
tional city benchmarking exercises in which our cities yet do well. This I
suspect, has a lot to do with the governance challenge in Australian cities,
as the cities which are doing best in such benchmarking—Singapore,
Boston, London—are smart in a governance sense and not just in tech-
nology. Specifically, such cities have effective city governance at the met-
ropolitan level or have responsibility at the council level for significant
budgets and services. The City of Boston has the usual range of services
you would see in an Australian council plus housing, public transport,
police, education and health. Singapore, perhaps the leading global Smart
City, is effectively a city-state with aligned government services promot-
ing an effective integration of technology, land use and transport. In
both, the city government is either big enough or integrated enough for
data-driven approaches and technology tools and platforms to be applied
across the government, across the whole city or indeed both.
By contrast digital innovation and exemplars may be being developed
in Australian cities, but they will be found in say one or more of the 31
separate councils operating in Sydney, or one of 20 or more siloed New
South Wales (NSW) Government departments or agencies. Such frac-
tured governance makes it hard for such innovation to be scaled up or
spread across government or across the whole of a city at a metro level.
Relatedly, without effective governance at the metropolitan level and in
the context of a siloed state government, there is as yet little capacity to
feed data on urban or infrastructure performance from councils or state
departments back into the management of the city. And without account-
ability for performance at the metropolitan level to electorates, Australian
cities have both a democratic and a managerial deficit whose conse-
quences for liveability, productivity and equity have begun to be noted in
global city benchmarking exercises.
It has been well said of Australian cities that they are orphans of public
policy with their management and governance falling between too many
small and under-powered councils and a too mighty and remote state
government on the other. This has also left city inhabitants without the
institutions or platforms to enable them to shape their cities at a
­metropolitan level or even have a cross-city discussion about urban ideas
that matter at the local level.
viii Foreword

However, this situation makes the drive towards more ‘data-driven and
responsive’ cities in Australia even more important, not less. Without
conventional governance and urban management arrangements for our
metros, data openness and digitally enabled civic engagement become
crucial alternative tools of accountability and performance improvement
in and for Australian cities.
Consequently, academics, researchers and policy experts, in and out of
the university, are essential in promoting an understanding of best prac-
tice in urban performance and transformation. By identifying good ‘data-­
driven and responsive’ practices and great projects they have a unique
opportunity to show the way for public decision-makers and iden-
tify strategies to scale up Open Data innovation across government or
indeed the city as a whole. By providing, collating and analysing data on
the actual performance of a key piece of urban infrastructure in relation
to its claimed benefits, when initially justified and prioritised, better pol-
icy and investment decisions can flow. By seeking to ensure that such
findings are not confined to academic outputs but are disseminated also
via broader media channels, a better civic debate about the direction and
performance of our cities can be created.
With much controversy now in Australia about these matters, and a
strong sense that our cities are neither understood fully nor managed and
yet are on a path to double in population just after mid-century, there
was never a better moment for ‘big data’ to shape the critical debate about
the future of our now rather ‘big cities’. And therefore, no better time for
a collection of this title to be published.
Tim Williams is Cities Leader for Arup in Australasia and Chair of
Open Cities whose mission is to promote more data-driven, responsive,
resilient and inclusive cities in Australia.

Sydney, Australia Tim Williams

Reference

Goldsmith, S., & Crawford, S. (2014). The responsive city: Engaging com-
munities through data-smart governance. Hoboken: Wiley.
 Acknowledgement

Each chapter in this book went through a rigorous double to triple blind
peer review process. The editors would like to thank the many reviewers
for their critical contributions and considerable investment in time. The
editors would like to acknowledge the dedication and intelligent support
provided by the urban designer and scholar Ashley Bakelmun. Ashley
assisted with the production of the book in many valuable ways including
communications with the various chapter authors, through the compila-
tion of the chapters and through the facilitation of the rigorous double-
and triple-blind peer-review process. This work was carried out with great
professionalism and humanity.
The book was financially assisted by the Faculty of the UNSW Built
Environment, Sydney, which also supported the 2015 Open Cities Open
Data workshop that inspired many of the ideas and connections evident
in the book. The workshop was convened by the UNSW Built
Environment’s Smart Cities Research Cluster. The Smart Cities Research
Cluster is a research network that supports collaboration and research on
Smart Cities and has annual high profile events. The Smart Cities
Research Cluster (SCRC) seeks to promote and advance the design, plan-
ning and delivery of urban environments and services through the use of
information and communication technologies with a focus on spatial
technologies.

ix
 Contents

1 Introduction: Open Data and the Generation of Urban

Value  1
Scott Hawken, Hoon Han, and Christopher Petit

Part I Urban Inclusion and Social Entrepreneurship  27

2 Homelessness and Open City Data: Addressing a Global

Challenge 29
Sonia Hugh and Mark S. Fox

3 Open Data and Racial Segregation: Mapping the Historic

Imprint of Racial Covenants and Redlining on American
Cities 57
Ashley Bakelmun and Sarah Jane Shoenfeld

4 Safer Cities for Women: Global and Local Innovations

with Open Data and Civic Technology 85
Scott Hawken, Simone Z. Leao, Ori Gudes, Parisa Izadpanahi,
Kalpana Viswanath, and Christopher Petit

xi
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xii Contents

5 Open Online Platforms and the Collaborative Production

of Micro Urban Spaces: Towards an Architecture of Civic
Engagement107
Homa Rahmat

6 Slum Digitisation, Its Opponents and Allies in

Developing Smart Cities: The Case of Kibera, Nairobi129
Bitange Ndemo

Part II Knowledge Ecosystems and Resilience 149

7 Mapping Climate Vulnerability with Open Data: A

Dashboard for Place-­Based Action151
Scott Hawken, Komali Yenneti, and Carole Bodilis

8 Urban Metabolism and Open Data: Opportunities and

Challenges for Urban Resource Efficiency177
Aristide Athanassiadis

9 Tackling the Challenge of Growing Cities: An Informed

Urbanisation Approach197
Christopher Petit, Elizabeth Wentz, Bill Randolph, David
Sanderson, Frank Kelly, Sean Beevers, and Jonathan Reades

10 Linking Complex Urban Systems: Insights from Cross-­

Domain Urban Data Analysis221
Lelin Zhang, Bang Zhang, Ting Guo, Fang Chen, Peter Runcie,
Bronwyn Cameron, and Roger Rooney

11 Interfacing the City: Mixed Reality as a Form of Open

Data241
Jeremy Harkins and Christopher Heard
 Contents xiii

12 A Dashboard for the Unexpected: Open Data for Real-­

Time Disaster Response265
Ian Tilley and Christopher Petit

Part III Civic Innovation and Transparency 287

13 An Information Management Strategy for City Data

Hubs: Open Data Strategies for Large Organisations289
Pascal Perez, Christopher Petit, Sarah Barns, Jonathan Doig,
and Carmela Ticzon

14 Tell Me How My Open Data Is Re-used: Increasing

Transparency Through the Open City Toolkit311
Auriol Degbelo, Carlos Granell, Sergio Trilles, Devanjan
Bhattacharya, and Jonas Wissing

15 From Repositories to Switchboards: Local Governments as

Open Data Facilitators331
Irina Anastasiu, Marcus Foth, Ronald Schroeter, and Markus
Rittenbruch

16 Understanding the Open Data Challenge for Building

Smart Cities in India359
Sarbeswar Praharaj and Saswat Bandyopadhyay

17 Resilient Cities, User-Driven Planning, and Open Data

Policy383
Paul Burton, Anne Tiernan, Malcolm Wolski, Lex Drennan,
and Lochlan Morrissey

Index401
 Notes on Contributors

Irina Anastasiu is a PhD candidate at the Queensland University of

Technology, Australia. She holds a BSc and an MSc in Media Informatics
and Communication Science from Ludwig Maximilian University of
Munich, and an Honours degree in Technology Management from the
Center for Digital Technology and Management. She is interested in
exploring participatory citymaking as an opportunity to build solidarity
with those neglected or affected by dominating smart city visions in order
to strengthen urban social movements towards systemic change in how
cities are produced and governed. In doing so, she seeks to integrate
social, political and urban theory into civic technology, further drawing
upon her extensive industry experience in the design and implementa-
tion of digital technology.

Aristide Athanassiadis is Chair of Circular Economy and Urban

Metabolism at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. Within this
framework, he attempts to build bridges between the academia, public
administrations and “circular” actors in order to accelerate Brussels’ tran-
sition towards a more circular economy and metabolism. During the last
years, he has advised and has acted as an external consultant for a number
of local, regional and international administrations and organisations on
the topics of urban metabolism and circular economy. Finally,
Athanassiadis co-created the non-profit organisation and open-­source
xv
xvi Notes on Contributors

platform Metabolism of Cities that promotes urban metabolism by cen-

tralising data and publications and developing free online tools for teach-
ing and research.

Ashley Bakelmun is Founder and Director of Urban Equity Lab, an

urban strategy consultancy advocating for the most vulnerable popula-
tions in cities. Her research and design projects address complex “urban
questions” with a goal of working towards socially and environmentally
just cities. Her current work focuses on the intersection of urban design
and planning with inequality and segregation. In her past consulting
roles, she led design and construction teams to deliver sustainable master
plans on education/corporate campuses.

Saswat Bandyopadhyay is a professor at the School of Planning, CEPT

(Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology) University, India.
Bandyopadhyay is the Area Chair for the infrastructure planning pro-
gramme at CEPT with over two decades of experience in the urban
development sector in South Asia. He has spearheaded several Indian
urban missions and capacity development activities. Government of
India, The World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and United
Nations Development Program (UNDP) are some of the clients that
Bandyopadhyay has consulted for.

Sarah Barns is a research fellow based at the Institute for Culture and
Society, Western Sydney University, Australia. In August 2013, Barns was
awarded a three-year Urban Studies Postdoctoral Research Fellowship by
the Urban Studies Foundation for a project titled ‘Platform urbanism:
The Role of City Labs, Data Infomediaries, and Open Government
Experiments in Urban Governance’. The project examines how urban
knowledge is being shaped through smart technologies and pervasive
data and will address new institutional alignments and governance
arrangements emerging in key digital cities. Barns’ current research builds
on her doctoral thesis, ‘The Death & Life of the Real-Time City:
Re-imagining the City of Digital Urbanism’.
 Notes on Contributors xvii

Sean Beevers helped establish the London Air Quality Network and the
Environmental Research Group at King’s College London, is a m ­ ember
of the MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health and leads the MSc
Global Air Pollution and Health (https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgrad-
uate/taught-courses/global-air-pollution-and-health-management-and-
science.aspx). He is also Senior Lecturer in Air Pollution Modelling,
King’s College London, UK. Beevers has written 74 peer-reviewed papers
and has worked closely with London policymakers to implement major
changes to the city, from the London Congestion Charging Zone to the
recent London Ultra Low Emissions Zone. Beevers’ future research goals
are to investigate associations between air pollution and health by apply-
ing King’s air quality models to cities globally and to develop models of
personal exposure indoors and outdoors. He aims to develop policies that
reduce exposure to air pollution and to investigate the interaction between
air quality and climate change policy.

Devanjan Bhattacharya holds a PhD in Geomatics Engineering and

his research interests are in applications of geoinformatics for societal
challenges, geohazard management, smart cities, and spatial technolo-
gies. He is a postdoctoral manager of the EU H2020 project GEO-C at
NOVA IMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

Carole Bodilis is an engineer with a major in Geographic Information

Systems (GIS) and Urbanism. She is completing her Joint European
Master in Environmental Studies—Cities and Sustainability (Erasmus
Mundus programme JEMES CiSu) in Portugal, working on relevant
indicators for planning support systems focused on environmental issues.

Paul Burton is Professor of Urban Management and Planning and

Director of the Cities Research Institute at Griffith University, Australia.

Bronwyn Cameron originally joined Sydney Water in 2012 as an

undergraduate Co-op Scholar. She returned to Sydney Water on the
Graduate Program in 2014. During her four years at Sydney Water, she
has worked in civil delivery, network operations and strategic analytics.
xviii Notes on Contributors

She works in Service Planning, developing asset strategies. Cameron

holds a First Class Honours degree in Civil Engineering from University
of New South Wales (UNSW) and a Masters in Water Resources.

Fang Chen is a prominent leader in AI/data science with international

reputation and industrial recognition. She is the winner of the “Oscars”
of Australian science, 2018 Australian Museum Eureka Prize for excel-
lence in data science. She has created many innovative research and solu-
tions, transforming industries that utilise AI/data science. She has helped
industries worldwide advance towards excellence in increasing their pro-
ductivity, innovation, profitability and customer satisfaction. The trans-
formations to industry with practical impact won her many industrial
recognitions including being named as “Water Professional of The Year”
in 2016. She has actively led in developing new strategies, which priori-
tise the organisation’s objectives, and capitalise on any growth opportuni-
ties. She has built up a career in creating research and business plans, and
executing with leadership and passion. In science and engineering, Chen
has 300+ refereed publications, including several books. She has filed 30+
patents in Australia, US, Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea, Mexico and
China.

Auriol Degbelo is a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute for

Geoinformatics, University of Münster, Germany. His current research
interests include semantic integration of geospatial information, re-use of
open government data, and interaction with geographic information.

Jonathan Doig is working on establishing Urban Analytics Data

Infrastructure involving geospatial data services and semantic web tech-
niques. He has nearly 30 years’ experience with geospatial information
systems, web services, and data management in government and private
firms in Australia and the UK, with a focus on environmental data pub-
lishing and reporting.

Lex Drennan is an Adjunct Industry Fellow at the Policy Innovation

Hub, Griffith University, Australia.
 Notes on Contributors xix

Marcus Foth is Professor of Urban Informatics in the QUT Design Lab,

Australia, and an Honorary Professor in the School of Communication
and Culture at Aarhus University, Denmark. His transdisciplinary work
is at the international forefront of human-computer interaction research
and development with a focus on smart cities, community engagement,
media architecture and sustainability. Foth founded the Urban Informatics
Research Lab in 2006 and the QUT Design Lab in 2016. Ahead of their
time and before the term “smart cities” became popular, Foth pioneered
a new field of study and practice: Urban informatics examines people
creating, applying and using information and communication technol-
ogy and data in cities and urban environments.

Mark S. Fox is Distinguished Professor of Urban Systems Engineering,

Professor of Industrial Engineering and Computer Science and founding
director of the Centre for Social Services Engineering at the University of
Toronto, Canada. He is a fellow of the Association for the Advancement
of Artificial Intelligence.

Carlos Granell holds a five-year Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship

at the Universitat Jaume I (UJI) of Castellón, Spain. Before re-joining
The Geospatial Technologies (Geotec) research group in 2014, he worked
for three years as a post-doc in the Digital Earth and Reference Data Unit
of the European Commissions’ Joint Research Centre (JRC), and was a
post- and pre-doctoral researcher during the period 2003–2010 at the
Universitat Jaume I of Castellón, from which he holds a PhD (2006). His
research interests lie in multi-disciplinary GIS, model web, and spatial
analysis and visualization.

Ori Gudes is a research fellow at the City Futures Research Centre and
a lecturer in the City Analytics Program at the University of New South
Wales (UNSW), Australia. His research focuses on GIS, urban informat-
ics, decision supports systems for urban planners, evaluation and usabil-
ity, spatial analysis and visualisation. He works on developing Planning
Support Systems (PSS) in the urban planning settings and evaluates its
effectiveness and impact.
xx Notes on Contributors

Ting Guo is an associate lecturer at the University of Technology Sydney,

Australia. He received his PhD degree in Computer Science from
University of Technology Sydney. His research mainly focuses on data
mining, machine learning, multimedia systems, and bioinformatics. As a
team member at Analytics Research Group in Data61, Guo is involved in
designing and building machine-learning algorithms and systems for sev-
eral projects including water pipe failure prediction projects, chock pre-
diction project and data city building project. He has years of work
experience in the programming, algorithm design and data analysis. He
has also written several papers in top-tier conferences and journals in The
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Association for
Computing Machinery (ACM) and Association for the Advancement of
Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) societies.

Hoon Han is an associate professor and Director of the City Planning

Program at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Faculty of the
Built Environment, Australia. His research focuses on smart cities, urban
renewal and human behaviour. Hoon Han is an associate editor of the
journal City, Culture and Society (Elsevier) and sits on the international
editorial board of both Housing Studies (Taylor & Francis) and Spatial
Information Research (Springer).

Jeremy Harkins is the Founding Director of “ineni Realtime”, an inno-

vative building technology company focused on the development of the
Realtime Visualisation Industry.
Delivering keynote presentations, Harkins is at the leading edge of real-
time virtual technologies and has spoken internationally about the visual
interaction with smart cities through 3D immersive environments,
Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR).
Harkins is a strong advocate of Building Information Modelling
(BIM), believing that the seamless integration of intuitive visual inter-
faces with robust data is a vital direction for architecture, construction,
and infrastructure.
With over 15 years of experience in Architectural Technologies, includ-
ing professional work, consultancy, and full-time academia, Harkins has
been a lecturer at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), helping
 Notes on Contributors xxi

to educate industry in what can be possible and is currently focused on

the rapid growth and positioning of “ineni Realtime” as market leaders in
virtual interaction design.

Scott Hawken is a convenor of the Smart Cities Research Cluster at the

University of New South Wales (UNSW) and a lecturer in the Urban
Development of Design Program, UNSW Built Environment, Australia.
His interests in technology and design are evident from his research
which brings together innovative methods for data collection and inter-
pretation with urban planning and design approaches. He leads a series
of international research collaborations on data augmented design and
biophilic cities and urban design. Each project promotes an inclusive and
human-centred vision of smart cities.

Christopher Heard is the projects director at “ineni Realtime”, with a

particular interest in applying emerging technologies to the built envi-
ronment. His role sees him co-ordinating a team to produce game-­
changing software solutions for visualisation and buildings.
An early and eager adopter in the Virtual Reality (VR) realm, Heard has
been working with headset hardware since the original Oculus Developer
Kit 1 arrived. When his head is not buried in a VR headset, you will find
him experimenting with a new input device.
Heard’s experience has taken him overseas to Shanghai to speak at an
international transport symposium about the benefits of realtime tech-
nology for visualisation, as well to Singapore to present to companies
about applying VR technology to their development process.
He is teaching architecture students at University of Technology
Sydney (UTS) how to apply the latest VR and realtime technology solu-
tions to their workflow.

Sonia Hugh is a research analyst in the Centre for Social Services

Engineering at the University of Toronto, Canada. She obtained her MSc
in Environmental Studies from Australian National University, Australia.
Her work primarily involves analysing global and regional open datasets
with GIS multi-purpose applications.
xxii Notes on Contributors

Parisa Izadpanahi is a lecturer at the School of Design and Built

Environment, Faculty of Humanities, Curtin University, Australia. Her
research interests are focused on sustainable urban design, environmental
design and the role of data and data analytics on design processes.

Frank Kelly holds the chair in Environmental Health at King’s College

London, UK, where he is Director of the Analytical & Environmental
Sciences Division. His other positions of responsibility are Director of
the Environmental Research Group, Director of the NIHR Health
Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards
and Deputy Director of the Medical Research Council and Public Health
England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment & Health. From these
dual positions, he is able to combine his two main research interests,
namely free radical/antioxidant biochemistry and the impact of atmo-
spheric pollution on human health. Further details of this activity can be
found on the ERG and London Air websites.
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Society for Free Radical Research and past Chairman of the British
Association for Lung Research. He is also involved with providing policy
support to the World Health Organization (WHO) on air pollution
issues and is a member of the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air
Pollution (COMEAP).

Simone Z. Leao is a research fellow in Urban Modelling and Simulation

at the City Futures Research Centre and a lecturer in the City Analytics
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Lochlan Morrissey is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Policy

Innovation Hub, Griffith University, Australia.

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Other documents randomly have
different content
 Philip Naison,
Appointed 17th February, 1746.
This officer entered the army in 1708, and he acquired a
reputation for attention to his duties and for personal bravery. He
was many years in the royal dragoons, and commanded that
regiment at the battle of Dettingen, where it captured the standard
of the Mousquetairs Noirs. He was also wounded at the head of the
royal dragoons at the battle of Fontenoy; and in 1746 King George
II. rewarded him with the colonelcy of the Thirteenth Dragoons. He
died in 1750.

Sir Charles Armand Powlet, K.B.,

Appointed 26th January, 1751.
Charles Armand Powlet, choosing the profession of arms, obtained a
commission as cornet of horse in 1710; he served many years in the
household cavalry, and was promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the
first troop of horse grenadier guards by King George II., who
afterwards rewarded him with the colonelcy of the ninth regiment of
marines, by commission dated the 27th of December, 1740. At the
peace of Aix-la-Chapelle his regiment was disbanded; and in
November, 1749, he was appointed colonel of the ninth foot; he was
also promoted to the rank of major-general, was honoured with the
dignity of a knight of the bath, and held an appointment in the
establishment of the Prince of Wales. In 1751 he was removed to
the Thirteenth Dragoons: he died in November of the same year.

The Honorable Henry Seymour Conway,

Appointed 25th December, 1751.
The Honorable Henry Seymour Conway, second son of Lord Conway,
and brother of Francis Earl of Hertford, was appointed lieutenant in
the first foot guards in 1737, captain and lieut.-colonel in 1741, and
in 1746 he was appointed aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland,
and promoted to the colonelcy of the fifty-ninth (now forty-eighth)
foot. He was removed to the thirty-fourth foot in 1749, to the
Thirteenth Dragoons in 1751, and to the fourth horse, now seventh
dragoon guards, in 1754. In 1756 he was promoted to the rank of
major-general, and in 1759 to that of lieut.-general, and he was
removed to the royal dragoons in the same year. He commanded a
division of the allied army in Germany under Prince Ferdinand of
Brunswick in 1761; and the British forces in Germany were placed
under his orders during the absence of the Marquis of Granby. He
was also one of the grooms of the bed-chamber to his majesty, and
a member of parliament; and having voted against ministers on the
great question of military warrants, in 1764, he resigned his court
appointment and military commands; but in 1768 he was appointed
colonel of the fourth dragoons. In 1770 he succeeded the Marquis of
Granby in the colonelcy of the royal regiment of horse guards; in
1772 he was promoted to the rank of general, and in 1793 to that of
field-marshal. He died in 1795; at which period he was eldest
general officer, and first field-marshal in the army.

John Mostyn,
Appointed 8th July, 1754.
This officer was appointed ensign on the 29th of February, 1732,
and after a short service he was promoted to captain in the thirty-
first foot, from which he was advanced in 1742 to the commission of
captain-lieutenant in the second foot guards. He served with his
regiment on the continent, and was wounded at the battle of
Fontenoy in 1745. In 1747 he was appointed aide-de-camp to King
George II.; in 1751 His Majesty gave him the colonelcy of the
seventh regiment of foot, from which he was removed, in 1754, to
the Thirteenth Dragoons, and in 1757 he was promoted to the rank
of major-general: in 1758 he was removed to the fifth, royal Irish,
dragoons. He commanded a brigade of infantry under Charles, Duke
of Marlborough, in the expedition to St. Maloes, in 1758; in 1759 he
was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general, and in 1760 he was
removed to the colonelcy of the seventh dragoons. He served under
Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, in Germany, and signalized himself at
many general engagements and skirmishes during the years 1759–
60–61, and –62; and at the termination of the war he was appointed
colonel of the first dragoon guards; in 1772 he was promoted to the
rank of general. He died in March, 1779.

Archibald Douglas,
Appointed 18th October, 1758.
After a progressive service in the subordinate commissions, this
officer was promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the fourth dragoons in
February, 1747; he was also advanced to the rank of colonel in the
army, and honoured with the appointment of aide-de-camp to the
King. In 1758 His Majesty conferred upon him the colonelcy of the
Thirteenth Dragoons. He was promoted to the rank of major-general
in 1759, and to that of lieut.-general in 1761. He died at Dublin, in
October, 1778.

Richard Pierson,
Appointed 27th November, 1778.
Richard Pierson was many years an officer in the first foot guards,
in which regiment he was appointed major, with the rank of colonel
in the army, on the 21st of July, 1760. In 1762 he was promoted to
the rank of major-general, and in 1764 he was appointed colonel of
the sixty-third regiment of foot, from which he was removed in the
following year to the thirty-sixth regiment. In 1772 he was promoted
to the rank of lieut.-general; he was also honoured with the dignity
of a Knight of the Bath; and in 1778 he was removed to the
Thirteenth Dragoons. He was taken suddenly ill on his return from
the theatre on the night of the 12th of February, 1781, and died
before the following morning.
 Francis Craig,
Appointed 15th February, 1781.
Francis Craig obtained a commission of ensign and lieutenant in
the second foot guards on the 22nd of April, 1742, and he served in
that regiment upwards of thirty-three years. He served with the
brigade of foot guards in Germany, in 1760–61, and –62, and was
promoted to the rank of colonel in the army in 1763. In 1775 he was
advanced from first major of the second, to lieutenant-colonel of the
first, foot guards, and promoted to the rank of major-general. In
1777 he attained the rank of lieutenant-general; he was appointed
colonel of the Thirteenth Dragoons in 1781, and promoted to the
rank of general in 1793. He was many years governor of Sheerness.
He died in 1811, in the eighty-sixth year of his age.

The Hon. Sir Henry George Grey, G.C.B., G.C.H.

Appointed 30th December, 1811.
 S U C C E S S I O N O F L I E U T E N A N T-
COLONELS, THIRTEENTH LIGHT
DRAGOONS.
Dates of
NAMES. REMARKS.
Appointment.

22nd July, Colonel 14th Dragoons, 9th

Clement Neville
1715 April, 1720.
Peter Ker 24th May, 1722
20th June, Killed at the battle of
Shuckburgh Whitney
1739 Falkirk.
19th Sep., Removed to the 1st Royal
John Toovey
1747 Dragoons in 1754.
Ditto, ditto, 1759,
James Johnston 2nd Dec., 1754 afterwards Colonel 4th
Dragoon Guards.
Henry Gore 7th April, 1759 Retired in 1764.
Thomas Crow 6th Feb., 1764 Ditto.
James Blaquiere 7th Dec., 1764
Colonel 12th Light
Sir James Steuart,
15th July, 1776 Dragoons, 9th Nov.,
Baronet
1791.
Honorable William Cuffe 31st Dec., 1791 Died in 1792.
Honorable George Walpole 31st Oct., 1792 Retired in 1797.
Promoted Major-General,
Robert Bolton 7th June, 1797 afterwards Colonel 7th
Dragoon Guards.
Honorable John Browne 16th July, 1799 Retired in 1801.
Michael Head 4th June, 1801 Promoted Major-General.
Patrick Doherty 4th June, 1813 Retired in 1818.
Commandant at Maidstone;
* Theophilus Pritzler 5th Nov., 1818
promoted Major-General.
Shapland Boyse 8th Dec., 1818 Retired in 1830.
 Commandant at Maidstone;
* Sir John Browne, Kt. 9th May, 1820
promoted Major-General.
Held a superior command
Thomas Hawker 9th Aug., 1821 in India; promoted Major-
Gen.
John Floyd Paterson 21st July, 1825 Retired in 1833.
22nd July, Commandant at Maidstone;
* Sir T. Noel Hill, K.C.B.
1830 died in 1833.
Commanding the Regiment
Richard Brunton 31st Dec., 1830
since December, 1831.
Removed to 16th Lancers in
William Persse 6th Dec., 1833
1834.
To half-pay on the
Allan Thomas Maclean 11th July, 1834 reduction of the
establishment in 1840.

* The Officers, whose names are marked thus,*, were appointed to a

regiment in India, in consequence of commanding the Cavalry Depôt at
Maidstone;—but they did not join the regiment.
 FOOTNOTES:
[12] In the Life of Colonel James Gardiner, by the Rev. J.
Doddridge, D.D., the circumstances connected with his being
wounded at Ramilies are detailed, which the Doctor states he had
the pleasure of hearing more than once from the colonel's own
mouth: but the doctor's memory must have failed in a few points,
as there are some palpable errors in the statement, such as—"the
French were masters of that spot (Ramilies) though their forces
were defeated at some distance;" &c. &c.
[13] Sir Walter Scott.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
Some pages at the front of the book have identical numbering, pages iii to viii
and then v to viii. This has not been changed.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after
careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of
external sources.
The 2-column list of officers on pages 70/71 has been reordered so that all
Captains precede all Lieutenants.
All { brackets have been removed from the Table on page 96, since there is no
ambiguity in the etext table. This Table has a 'footnote' referenced by * which
remains placed at the bottom of the Table.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and
inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, Field Marshal,
Field-Marshal; bedchamber, bed-chamber; patrole; piquet; riband; signalized;
rencounter.
Pg 19, 'Philip Naizon' is also called 'Philip Naison' elsewhere in the book. Other
external sources are also inconsistent in this regard.
Pg 22, 'Royal Fusileers' replaced by 'Royal Fusiliers'.
Pg 70, 'Lt.-Cl. Patrick' replaced by 'Lt.-Col. Patrick'.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL
RECORD OF THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OF LIGHT DRAGOONS
***

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