Smart Energy Management

Using Node-Red
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical
Engineering

By

Komal Paresh Chauhan. 58

Piyush Ravindra Dhake. 59
Rohit Kishor Gangurde. 60
Nitesh Jaiprakash Sharma. 70

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Garima Gurjar

Atharva College of Engineering

Malad-Marve Road, Charkop Naka, Malad (W), Mumbai-95
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Mumbai
Year 2022-23

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 Atharva College of Engineering
Malad (W), Mumbai-95

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

Ms. KOMAL PARESH CHAUHAN,

Mr. PIYUSH RAVINDRA DHAKE,

Mr. ROHIT KISHOR GANGURDE,

Mr. NITESH JAIPRAKASH SHARMA,

Of Electrical Department, bearing the University Seat Number 58, 59, 60 and 70 has submitted the
project synopsis on ‘Smart Energy Management Using Node-Red’ and is accepted and examined
for the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Degree by the University of Mumbai.

Project Guide HOD

(Mrs. Garima Gurjar) (Mrs. Sangeeta Kotecha)

Principal Examiner 1

Examiner 2

(Dr. Shrikant Kallurkar) Date of Examination

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Prof. Garima Gurjar for taking time from her
busy schedule to provide us with great deal of help, support and encouraged us to work diligentlyat
every aspects of our project. Her views have always been equitable striking perfect balance between
encouragement and constructive criticism. Her constructive tips and suggestions helped us to
successfully do the project. We have benefited a lot from her immense knowledge and experience.

We are thankful to our college Principal Dr. Shrikant Kallurkar, ELEC HOD Mrs. Sangeeta
Kotecha and all staff members of Electrical department who have provided us various facilities and
have guided us whenever required.

Our project at various stages has entailed us to seek help from variety of individuals we would
like to thank each one of them for their forbiddance and guidance.

Finally, we would like to thank our parents and our friends for constantly supporting and
encouraging our efforts.

Komal Paresh Chauhan.

Piyush Ravindra Dhake.
Rohit Kishor Gangurde.
Nitesh Jaiprakash Sharma.

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 ABSTRACT
Smart meter systems are being deployed to improve grid reliability and promote energy efficiency
while providing improved services to their customers. In order to make it more user friendly and
technically more reliable, we are proposing our smart energy meter that can be widely used for
monitoring and analysis of energy consumption in a residential electricity system or solar PV plant
using Node-RED. It can measure the real-time readings of Voltage, Current, Active Power, Active
Energy and Frequency, and upload the readings to the cloud. As the bi-directional meters, they
are also ideal for use in a solar PV system. It can monitor the energy generated by solar inverter
and energy imported from/ exported to the grid. The monitoring cloud provides the comprehensive
analysis function for you to understand your energy consumption, and also can generate and
analyze your electricity bill or income.

Smart metering which can be installed in millions of households worldwide provides utility
companies with real-time meaningful and timely data about electricity consumption and allow
customers to make informed choices about energy usage. Smart meter data analytics has become
an active area in research and industry. It aims to help utilities and consumers understand
electricity consumption patterns.

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 7-8

1

CHAPTER LITERATURE SURVEY 9

2

PROJECT PLANNING AND WORK

CHAPTER
3 3.1 Planning of project
10 - 16
3.2 Components used

SIMULATION OF THE SMART

CHAPTER ENERGY METER USING NODE-
4 17
RED

CHAPTER
5 RESULTS OF SIMULINK MODEL

CHAPTER
6 6.1 Applications
6.2 Advantage 18 - 19
6.3 Drawback

CHAPTER 20
7 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 21
8 REFERENCES

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Name Page No.

Figure 0.1 Power outage 07

Figure 0.2 Power theft 07
Figure: 3.1 Block diagram of proposed model 10
Figure: 3.2 Node- red 11

Figure 3.3 Under interface dashboard 12

Figure 3.4 Current Sensor 12
Figure 3.5 Voltage Sensor 13

Figure 3.6 Raspberry Pi 14

Figure 3.7 5V Relay Module 14
Figure 3.8 Power Module 15
Figure 3.9 Plug Adapter 15
Figure 3.10 Wi-Fi Module 16
Figure 4.1 Simulation of design 17

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In order to measure electricity usage in every home, utilities have long used meters. These devices
record the amount of energy consumed in each home so the utility can provide billing for its customers.
In order to get accurate consumption information, the utility must send meter readers to your house to
confirm your energy usage each month.

A smart meter is very similar to the traditional meter on your home in that it measures and records
energy consumption data. However, the smart meter differs because it’s a digital device that can
communicate remotely with your utility. It will send your consumption information to your utility every
15 minutes to one hour and eliminates the need for a meter reader. In addition to reporting your energy
usage, the smart meter can inform the utility immediately if there’s a power outage in your area
(like Malad (west) for example). It can quickly dispatch crews to resolve the situation and get your
power back on as soon as possible. Once everything is back to normal, the smart meter will notify your
utility of the resolution.

Figure: 01 Figure: 02

One of the biggest benefits of a smart meter for consumers is the ability to track energy usage. Most
smart meters come equipped with a digital face that displays up-to-date information on the energy
you’ve used. Though it won’t tell you what’s using the most electricity in your home, being aware of
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how much energy you use can guide you to make improvements.
The proposed design (smart energy meter) consists of following components:
Raspberry Pi, ESP 8266 (WIFI module), Relay, Voltage sensor, current sensor. The components are
powered using 12V 2 Amps power supply. The Raspberry pi collects the data and transfers it to the ESP
8266 module via Tx and Rx pin. Prototype is programmed using MQTT protocol to send current and the
voltage values to Node Red. The ESP 8266 after getting powered, connects with the user’s mobile phone
hotspot to send measured value as data. The power units are calculated with current and voltage values.
The total power is calculated, decrease in units is proportionate to increase in power consumption and the
change in units is displayed. Extension box is connected to Relay in order to connect more loads such as
Bulb, mobile chargers etc.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
A significant advantage of implementing advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in smart grid (SG) is
the feature to allow utilities to monitor and curb power theft and proliferation. with help of sm
communication becomes bidirectional.AMI test rig, consisting of three consumers, a distribution station
(DS) and an operation center is designed to select the load 3 single-phase Phoenix 2 SMs are used to
track the power consumption of each consumer. In after switching power on the Arduino and the GSM
modem turn on the SSR and connects the energy meter to load via SSR. Read from EEPROM then
display data. Arduino checks the readings from voltage and two current sensors .In order to prevent a
power theft, detection program is present in the Arduino. Arduino and GSM based smart energy meter
can be divided into several parts as IC, LCD, Arduino, GSM modem, Relay, Optocoupler, Lever
switch, Display Unit, voltage &current sensor and Power Supply Unit etc. they had presented internet
connected energy monitoring and controlling system that increases awareness of energy consumption
amongst devices and users. Energy awareness enables the user to control the power state of the devices
as per there needs, which minimizes the energy use. In the coming future, each individual device will
have their own identity that can share and communicate the information over the IP network. In[4]
(2017) They had built a simple, compact and low-cost implementation of secure Wi-Fi based power
monitor sensor is proposed. It has been successfully implemented and tested at the premises of IITH.
The accuracy of power measurement is shown to be suitable for reliable use as power monitoring
sensor. Considering the small size, low-cost and simplicity, multiple sensors can be used to monitor
power consumption of multiple electrical appliances simultaneously. This granular information about
power consumption will help consumers in utilizing electricity in a efficient way.
They had done a study concerning the acquisition and identification of data provided by different loads
and consumers has been presented. The identification of consumer load profiles was the main objective.
The experimental tests furnish real data concerning the loads commonly used by residential consumers,
which is made possible by applying the data analytics over the results obtained for the graphical
visualization of each appliance usage .

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 CHAPTER 3
PROJECT WORK PLANNING

Proposed Model
This prototype was developed using Raspberry Pi, ESP 8266 (WIFI module), Relay, Voltage sensor,
current sensor. The components are powered using 12V 2 Amps power supply. The Raspberry pi collects
the data and transfers it to the ESP 8266 module via Tx and Rx pin. Prototype is programmed using MQTT
protocol to send current and the voltage values to Node Red. The ESP 8266 after getting powered,
connects with the user’s mobile phone hotspot to send measured value as data. The power units are
calculated with current and voltage values. The total power is calculated, decrease in units is proportionate
to increase in power consumption and the change in units is displayed. Extension box is connected to
Relay in order to connect more loads such as Bulb, mobile chargers etc.

Input:-
Current sensor is connected with GPIO 27 pin, Voltage sensor is connected with GPIO 17 pin, Relay is
connected with 2nd pin of ESP 8266, Load is accessed through relay, Node Red is connected with ESP8266
through MQTT protocol.

Figure: 3.1 Block diagram of proposed model (Hardware Connection)

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Software Specification
a. MQTT Protocol:

MQTT is an Oasis standard messaging protocol is MQTT for IoT. Constructed as an immensely
lightweight subscribe messaging transport which are best for connecting devices with a minimal code,
also, a minimum network bandwidth. MQTT.js 4.2.8. version is used here. MQTT Protocol Features are
Authentication, Access Control, QOS Exactly once – The message is always delivered exactly once.

b. Node-Red:

Node-RED is an open-source programming tool, for connecting hardware devices, APIs and online
services creatively and easily. Primarily, it is a visual tool designed for the Internet of Things, but can
also be used for other applications to very quickly assemble flows of various services. It is put together
using blocks of JavaScript-based software code, called nodes. These prebuilt nodes reduce software
development risk exposure and accelerate time to market. The nodes are visually dragged and dropped to
make IoT application development simpler, easier to repeat, and faster to scale.

Figure: 3.2 Node - RED

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 Figure: 3.3 User interface with dashboard Node

Hardware Specification
1. Current Sensor (ACS712):-

Current Sensor (ACS712) is a fully integrated, Hall-effect based linear sensor IC. This IC has 2.1kV RMS
voltage isolation along with a low resistance current conductor. This IC requires a supply voltage of 5V.
Its output voltage is proportional to AC or DC current. ACS712 has a nearly zero magnetic hysteresis.

Figure: 3.4 Current Sensor

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2. Voltage Sensor (ZMPT101B):-

Voltage Sensor ZMPT101B is a voltage transformer. It is used to measure AC voltage. We can measure
AC voltage up to 250Volts by using this sensor. The output of voltage sensor is in analog signal. If we
change, the input voltage then output voltage will change.
ZMPT101B Sensor has 4 Pins:
 Pin 1 - VCC: - Module Power Supply 5V
 Pin 2 - Output:- Module output which is analog
 Pin 3 & 4 - GND: - Ground

Front View Rear View

Figure: 3.5 Voltage Sensor

3. Raspberry Pi:-

The Raspberry pi is a single computer board. It is comprising a program memory (RAM), processor and
graphics chip, CPU, GPU, Ethernet port, GPIO pins, Xbee socket, UART, power source connector. And
various interfaces for other external devices. The Raspberry Pi board is a Broadcom (BCM2835) SOC
(system on chip) board. It comes equipped with an ARM1176JZF-S core CPU, 256 MB of SDRAM and
700 MHz. The raspberry pi USB 2.0 ports use only external data connectivity options. The board draws
its power from a micro-USB adapter, with min range of 2. Watts (500 MA). The graphics, specialized
chip is designed to speed up the operation of image calculations.

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 Figure: 3.6 Raspberry Pi

4. 5V Relay Module:-

Figure:3.7 5V Relay Module

The 5V Relay Module is a relay interface board that may be directly controlled by a variety of
microcontrollers such as Raspberry pie, AVR, PIC, ARM, and others. It controls the relay via a low-level
triggered control signal (3.3-5VDC). When the relay triggered, the typically open or normally closed
contacts are activated.

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5. DC-DC 12V to 3.3V 5V 12V Power Module:-

Figure: 3.8 Power Module

The Multi-Output Voltage Conversion module is flexible and easy to use. The module is powered by a

6V to 12V DC input and provides three fixed DC outputs: 3.3V, 5.0V, and a direct connection to the DC

input.

6. 12V 2A Power Supply with 5.5mm DC Plug Adapter:-

Figure:3.9 Plug Adapter

A 12V 2A Power Supply with 5.5mm DC Plug Adapter is 2 pin EU plug type adapter and 1.1 meters long
connecting cable. This adapter is compatible to handle up to 2A current so applications like Routers,
Cordless Phones, and Set-Top Boxes.

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7. Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266):-

Figure:3.10 Wi-Fi Module

An ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a SOC microchip mainly used for the development of end-point IoT
(Internet of things) applications. An ESP8266 module Wi-Fi module has a built-in TCP/IP networking
software. This module is also integrated with the 1 MB flash memory, which enables the device to connect
with Wi-Fi.

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 CHAPTER 4

SIMULATION OF SMART ENERGY METER USING

NODE – RED.

Figure: 4.1 Simulation of design

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 CHAPTER 6

APPLICATIONS, ADVANTGES AND DRAWABACK

OF SMART ENERGY METER
APPLICATIONS:

1. Real-time energy recording.

2. Regular consumption reporting

3. Two-way communication between Meters and the central system Meters and the suppliers

4. Load data collection for evaluating demand, tariffing, and load forecasting, and planning

5. Time resolution programming from one minute to one day

6. Tariff management (dynamic tariffs, remote meter reading, and automatic printing of bills)

7. Load control

8. Correct consumption information to customers

9. Automation of distribution and monitoring of supply quality.

ADVANTAGE:

1. You will get accurate bills

2. You can see your usage
3. No more meter readings
4. See your credit
5. Top up more easily
6. Accessing your meter is no longer a chore
7. Switch between prepay and credit
8. Help shape country's infrastructure.

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DRAWABACK:

1. My smart meter has turned dumb

2. Switching energy suppliers becomes difficult
3. Poor signal prevents the smart meter from working
4. Smart meter stops sending readings
5. Understanding your smart meter monitor
6. Smart meters pose a risk to security
7. Existing meters are hard to access
8. Renters can’t install smart meters
9. The smart monitor changes language
10. Over the top smart meter sales pitches from energy suppliers
11. Smart meters increase fear amongst vulnerable energy users

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 CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
In this way we have proposed a cheap and easy to install smart energy meter which can obtain the usage
data using a Node- red and a Raspberry Pi to transmit the acquired data. our smart energy meter that can
be widely used for monitoring and analysis of energy consumption in a residential electricity system or
solar PV plant using Node-RED. It can measure the real-time readings of Voltage, Current, Active Power,
Active Energy and Frequency, and upload the readings to the cloud. As the bi-directional meters, they
are also ideal for use in a solar PV system. It can monitor the energy generated by solar inverter and
energy imported from/ exported to the grid. The monitoring cloud provides the comprehensive analysis
function for you to understand your energy consumption, and also can generate and analyze your
electricity bill or income. Our model can be developed in the future to work simultaneously with other
home automation tasks. This will helps in eliminating human intervention for taking monthly readings,
thereby reducing the costs associated with manual labour.

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 CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7823225
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V8/i11/IRJET-V8I11170.pdf
https://ijarcce.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/01/IJARCCE.2
020.9111.pdf
https://nodered.org/
https://www.raspberrypi.org/

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