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probability

The document covers various problems related to random variables and probability distributions, including probability density functions, Bernoulli distributions, and Poisson distributions. It provides specific examples and calculations for different scenarios, such as the clearance of a shaft, the lifetime of transistors, and the probability of errors in a medical examination. Additionally, it addresses the estimation of outcomes based on normal distributions in different contexts, such as examination scores and the lifespan of electric bulbs.

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Shashank Bakshi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views

probability

The document covers various problems related to random variables and probability distributions, including probability density functions, Bernoulli distributions, and Poisson distributions. It provides specific examples and calculations for different scenarios, such as the clearance of a shaft, the lifetime of transistors, and the probability of errors in a medical examination. Additionally, it addresses the estimation of outcomes based on normal distributions in different contexts, such as examination scores and the lifespan of electric bulbs.

Uploaded by

Shashank Bakshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2023

Unit-02: Random variables and probability distributions

1. A hole is drilled in a metal sheet component, and then a shaft is inserted through the hole. The shaft
clearance is equal to the difference between the radius of the hole and the radius of the shaft. Let the
random variable X denote the clearance, in millimetres. The probability density function of X is defined by :
4)
𝑓(𝑥) = { 1.25(1 − 𝑥 0<𝑥<1
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
What is the probability that 0.8 mm of the components are scrapped ? Find also the CDF of the random
variable X.
Ans: 0.0819
2. The lifetime in months of a transistor in a certain application is random with probability density function
given by
−0.1𝑡
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0.1 𝑒 𝑡≥0
0 𝑡≤0
100
a) Find the mean lifetime. Ans: (ln{𝑒})2

2000 100 2
b) Find the standard deviation of the lifetimes. Ans: (ln{𝑒})2 − ((ln{𝑒})2 )

d) Find the probability that the lifetime will be less than 12 months. Ans: 1 − 𝑒 −1.2

3. In a medical examination the chances of error are 15%. Find the Bernoulli distribution if one patient is
randomly selected out of 60 patients.
51 9
Ans: 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 60 = 0.85 and 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 60 = 0.15

1 Department of Science & Humanities (Mathematics) PESU


2023

4. The probability of a shooter hitting a target is 1/3. How many times he should shoot so that the probability
of hitting the target at least once is more than ¾.

5. If the mean and standard deviation of the number of correctly answered question in a test given to 4096
students is 2.5 and 1.875 . Find an estimate of the number of candidates answering correctly
(i) 8 or more questions
(ii) 2 or less questions
(iii) 5 questions.

6. In a quiz contest of answering ‘yes’ or ‘no’, what is the probability of guessing at least 6 answers correctly
out of ten question asked? Also find the probability of the same if there are 4 options for a correct answer.

7. A shop has 4 diesel generator sets which it hires every day. The demand for generator set on an average is
a Poisson variate with value 5/2.Obtain the probability that on a particular day (i) there was no demand (ii)
a demand has to be refused.
Ans : (i)0.0820 (ii) 0.1088

8. Assume that the probability of an individual coal miner being killed in a mine accident during a year is
1/2400. Calculate the probability that in a mine employing 200 miners, there will be at least one fatal
accident in a year.
Ans: 0.08

9. Suppose that a book of 600 pages contain 40 printing mistakes. Assume that these errors are randomly
distributed throughout the book and the number of errors per page has a Poisson distribution. What is the
probability that 10 pages selected at random will be free of errors?
Ans: 0.51

2 Department of Science & Humanities (Mathematics) PESU


2023

10. In an examination taken by 500 candidates, the average and the standard deviation of marks obtained
(normally distributed) are 40% and 10%. Find approximately
(i) how many will pass, if 50% is fixed as a minimum?
(ii) what should be the minimum if 350 candidates are to pass?
(iii) how many have scored marks above 60%?

11. The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine is 5.02mm and the standard
deviation is 0.05mm. The purpose for which these washers are intended allows a maximum tolerance in
the diameter of 4.96 to 5.08mm, otherwise the washers are considered defective. Determine the
percentage of defective washers produced by the machine, assuming the diameters are normally
distributed.

12. In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular make, was normally distributed
with an average life of 2040 hours and S.D. of 60 hours. Estimate the number of bulbs likely to burn for
(a) more than 2150 hours,
(b) less than 1950 hours,
(c) more than 1920 hours and but less than 2160 hours.

3 Department of Science & Humanities (Mathematics) PESU

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