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Maths Articles for IIT JEE

JEE (/jee/) > IIT JEE Study Material (/jee/iit-jee-study-material/) > Binomial Matrices
Theorem (/jee/binomial-theorem/) (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Matrices
/)

Properties Of Determinants
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Properti
es-Of-Determinants/)

Adjoint And Inverse Of A Matrix

(https://ad-tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php? (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Adjoint-
And-Inverse-Of-A-Matrix/)
bannerid=367&zoneid=136&OXLCA=1&sig=7af638cfc1a1c8f27a19935fd6dbdbb34d5fef574101db8df8106af408246540&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fbyjus.com%
main-2024-question- Minors And Cofactors
papers%2F%3Futm_source%3Dbyjus.com%26utm_medium%3Djee-main-2024- (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Minors-
question-paper-jee%26utm_term%3D/jee/binomial- And-Cofactors/)
theorem/%26utm_campaign%3Djee-main-2024-question-paper)
Parabola
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Parabol
Binomial Theorem - Formula, a/)

Expansion, Problems and Differentiation And Integration Of

Determinants

Applications (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Different
iation-Integration-Of-
Determinants/)

Binomial Theorem – As the power increases, the expansion becomes Straight Lines
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Straight
lengthy and tedious to calculate. A binomial expression that has been
-Lines/)
raised to a very large power can be easily calculated with the help of
the Binomial Theorem. On this page, you will learn the definition and Trigonometry
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Trigono
statement of binomial theorem, binomial expansion formulas,
metry/)
properties of binomial theorem, how to find the binomial coefficients,
Types Of Matrices
terms in the binomial expansion, applications, etc.
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Types-
Of-Matrices/)
Download Complete Chapter Notes of Binomial Theorem
Limits Continuity And
Download Now
Differentiability
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Limits-
Table of Contents: Continuity-And-
Differentiability/)
Binomial Theorem Statement
Rank Of A Matrix
Binomial Expansion
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Rank-
Binomial Expansion Formulas Of-A-Matrix-And-Special-
Properties of Binomial Coefficients Matrices/)
Terms in the Binomial Expansion Differentiation
General Term (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Different
Middle Term iation/)
Independent Term System Of Linear Equations
Numerically Greatest Term Using Determinants
Ratio of Consecutive Terms (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/System-
Of-Linear-Equations-Using-
Applications
Determinants/)
Binomial Theorem for Any Index
Applications Of Derivatives
Multinomial Theorem
(Https://Byjus.com/Maths/Applic
Video Lessons on Binomial Theorem ations-Of-Derivatives/)
Solved Questions
Complex Numbers
FAQs (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Complex
-Numbers/)

3D Geometry
:
 To learn all the details about the binomial theorem, like its definition, (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/3d-
formulas, properties, applications, etc., download the binomial Geometry/)

theorem PDF lesson below. Inverse Trigonometric Functions

(Https://Byjus.com/Maths/Invers
e-Trigonometric-Functions/)
Download this lesson as PDF:- Binomial Theorem PDF
Hyperbola
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Hyperbo
Binomial Theorem Statement la/)

Definite And Indefinite

The binomial theorem is the method of expanding an expression that
Integration
has been raised to any finite power. A binomial theorem is a powerful (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Definite-
tool of expansion which has applications in Algebra And-Indefinite-Integration/)
(https://byjus.com/maths/algebra/), probability, etc. Solving Linear Equations Using
Matrix
Binomial Expression: A binomial expression is an algebraic expression (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Solving-
that contains two dissimilar terms. Eg.., a + b, a3 + b3, etc. Linear-Equations-Using-Matrix/)

Matrix Operations
Binomial Expansion (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Matrix-
Operations/)
Important points to remember
Determinants
The total number of terms in the expansion of (x+y)n is (n+1) (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Determi
The sum of exponents of x and y is always n. nants/)

nC0, nC1, nC2, … .., nCn are called binomial coefficients and also represented Standard Determinants
by C0, C1, C2, ….., Cn (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Standar
The binomial coefficients, which are equidistant from the beginning and d-Determinants/)
from the ending, are equal, i.e., nC0 = nCn, nC1 = nCn-1 , nC2 = nCn-2 ,….. etc. Ellipse
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Ellipse/)
Binomial Expansion Formula: Let n ∈ N,x,y,∈ R then
Differential Equations
(x + y)n = nΣr=0 nCr xn – r · yr where, (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Different
ial-Equations/)

Circles
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Circles/)

Functions And Its Types

(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Function
s-And-Its-Types/)
Illustration 1: Expand (x/3 + 2/y)4 Angle Measurement
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Angle-
Sol: Measurement/)

Integration
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Integrati
on/)

Logarithm
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Logarith
m/)
Illustration 2: (√2 + 1)5 + (√2 − 1)5

Sol:

We have Join Aakash BYJU’S for

JEE/NEET Prep
(x + y)5 + (x – y)5 = 2[5C0 x5 + 5C2 x3 y2 + 5C4 xy4]
Name
= 2(x5 + 10 x3 y2 + 5xy4)

Mobile Number Send OTP

Now (√2 + 1)5 + (√2 − 1)5 = 2[(√2)5 + 10(√2)3(1)2 + 5(√2)(1)4]

=58√2 City

Binomial Expansion Formulas Grade/Exam

:
 To find binomial coefficients, we can also use Pascal’s Triangle.
Email Address

Submit

(tel:+91-9243500460)

Finding binomial coefficients with Pascal’s Triangle

Some other useful expansions: (https://ad-

tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
(x + y)n + (x−y)n = 2[C0 xn + C2 xn-1 y2 + C4 xn-4 y4 + …] bannerid=150&zoneid=137&OXLCA=1&sig=2c0c7882ffe6e4125
main-2024-question-
(x + y)n – (x−y)n = 2[C1 xn-1 y + C3 xn-3 y3 + C5 xn-5 y5 + …]
papers%2F%3Futm_source%3Dbyjus.com%26utm_medium%
(1 + x)n = nΣr-0 nCr . xr = [C0 + C1 x + C2 x2 + … Cn xn] sidebanner%26utm_campaign%3Djee-
(1+x)n + (1 − x)n = 2[C0 + C2 x2+C4 x4 + …] main-2024-question-papers-
(1+x)n − (1−x)n = 2[C1 x + C3 x3 + C5 x5 + …] solutions)

The number of terms in the expansion of (x + a)n + (x−a)n is (n+2)/2 if “n” is

even or (n+1)/2 if “n” is odd.
The number of terms in the expansion of (x + a)n − (x−a)n is (n/2) if “n” is
even or (n+1)/2 if “n” is odd.

Number of Terms and R-F Factor Relation

(https://ad-
tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
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Web%26utm_campaign%3DDTA_App_jee)

Properties of Binomial Coefficients

Binomial coefficients refer to the integers, which are coefficients in the
binomial theorem. Some of the most important properties of binomial
coefficients are:

C0 + C1 + C2 + … + Cn = 2n
C0 + C2 + C4 + … = C1 + C3 + C5 + … = 2n-1
C0 – C1 + C2 – C3 + … +(−1)n . nCn = 0
nC1 + 2.nC2 + 3.nC3 + … + n.nCn = n.2n-1
n-1
:
 C1 − 2C2 + 3C3 − 4C4 + … +(−1)n-1 Cn = 0 for n > 1
C02 + C12 + C22 + …Cn2 = [(2n)!/ (n!)2]

Illustration: If (1 + x)15 = a0 + a1x + . . . . . + a15 x15 then, find the value of

Sol:

= C1/C0 + 2 C2/C1+ 3C3/C2 + . . . . + 15 C15/C14

(https://ad-
tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
= 15 + 14 + 13 + . . . . . + 1 = [15(15+1)]/2 = 120
bannerid=149&zoneid=370&OXLCA=1&sig=0fe9fda30b62323
byjus-free-trial-
Properties of Binomial Coefficients Video Lesson class%2F%3Futm_source%3Dbyjus.com%26utm_medium%3
sidebanner%26utm_campaign%3Daakash-
byjus-free-trial-class-repeater-
course)

6,714

Terms in the Binomial Expansion (https://ad-

In binomial expansion, it is often asked to find the middle term or the tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
bannerid=150&zoneid=371&OXLCA=1&sig=4aed2bf5eb3bd36
general term. The different terms in the binomial expansion that are
main-2024-question-
covered here include papers%2F%3Futm_source%3Dbyjus.com%26utm_medium%
sidebanner%26utm_campaign%3Djee-
General Term
main-2024-question-papers-
Middle Term solutions)
Independent Term
Determining a Particular Term
Numerically Greatest Term
Ratio of Consecutive Terms/Coefficients

General Term in Binomial Expansion:

We have (x + y)n = nC0 xn + nC1 xn-1 . y + nC2 xn-2 . y2 + … + nCn yn

General Term = Tr+1 = nCr xn-r . yr

General Term in (1 + x)n is nCr xr

In the binomial expansion of (x + y)n, the rth term from the end is (n – r +
2)th.

Illustration: Find the number of terms in (1 + 2x +x2)50

Sol: (https://ad-

2 50 2 50 100
:
 (1 + 2x + x2)50 = [(1 + x)2]50 = (1 + x)100 tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
bannerid=151&zoneid=372&OXLCA=1&sig=af2961ee5fbf2d7e2
The number of terms = (100 + 1) = 101 neet-
app%3Futm_source%3DSide_banner_TOPPERS22%26utm_m
Illustration: Find the fourth term from the end in the expansion of (2x – Web%26utm_campaign%3DDTA_App_jee)
1/x2)10

Sol:

Required term =T10 – 4 + 2 = T8 = 10C7 (2x)3 (−1/x2)7 = −960x-11

Middle Term(s) in the Expansion of (x+y) n.n

If n is even, then (n/2 + 1) Term is the middle term.
If n is odd then, [(n+1)/2]th and [(n+3)/2)th terms are the middle terms.

Illustration: Find the middle term of (1 −3x + 3x2 – x3)2n

Sol:

(1 − 3x + 3x2 – x3)2n = [(1 − x)3]2n = (1 − x)6n

(https://ad-
Middle Term = [(6n/2) + 1] term = 6nC3n (−x)3n tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
bannerid=36&zoneid=373&OXLCA=1&sig=b25acb55db2be55
Determining a Particular Term:

In the expansion of (axp + b/xq)n the coefficient of xm is the coefficient of

Tr+1 where r = [(np−m)/(p+q)]
In the expansion of (x + a)n, Tr+1/Tr = (n – r + 1)/r . a/x

General and Middle Terms of Binomial Expansion

(https://ad-
tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
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class%2F%3Futm_source%3Dbyjus.com%26utm_medium%3
class--
sidebanner%26utm_campaign%3Datc-
neet-jee)
1,577

Independent Term
The term Independent of in the expansion of [axp + (b/xq)]n is

Tr+1 = nCr an-r br, where r = (np/p+q) (integer)

Illustration: Find the independent term of x in (x+1/x)6

Sol:

r = [6(1)/1+1] = 3

The independent term is 6C3 = 20

Illustration: Find the independent term in the expansion of: (https://ad-

tech.byjusweb.com/revive/www/delivery/cl.php?
:
 bannerid=145&zoneid=375&OXLCA=1&sig=7bd29be0c081368
neet%3Futm_source%3Dbyjus.com%26utm_medium%3Djee
class--ncert-
sidebanner%26utm_campaign%3Daakash-
collection)

Sol:

JEE Main and JEE

Advanced Important Links
JEE (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/)

JEE Main
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
(x1/3 +1–1– 1/√x)10 = (x1/3 – 1/√x)10 Main/)

r = [10(1/3)]/[1/3+1/2] = 4 JEE Main Exam Pattern

(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
∴ T5 = 10C4 = 210 Main-Exam-Pattern/)

JEE Main Syllabus

Numerically Greatest Term in the Expansion of (1+x)n: (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Main-Syllabus/)
If [(n+1)|x|]/[|x|+1] = P, is a positive integer, then the Pth term and (P+1)th
terms are numerically the greatest terms in the expansion of (1+x)n JEE Main Eligibility Criteria
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
If[(n+1)|x|]/[|x|+1] = P + F, where P is a positive integer, and 0 < F < 1, then
Main-Eligibility-Criteria/)
(P+1)th term is numerically the greatest term in the expansion of (1+x)n.
JEE Main Answer Key
Illustration: Find the numerically greatest term in (1-3x)10 when x =
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
(1/2) Main-Answer-Key/)

Sol: JEE Main Question Paper

(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
[(n + 1)|α|] / [|α| + 1] = (11 × 3/2)/(3/2+1) = 33/5 = 6.6 Main-Question-Paper/)

JEE Main Question Paper

Therefore, T7 is the numerically greatest term. Analysis
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
T6 + 1 = 10C6 . (−3x)6 = 10C6 . (3/2)6 Main-Question-Paper-Analysis/)

JEE Main Sample Papers

Ratio of Consecutive Terms/Coefficients: (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
The coefficients of xr and xr + 1 are nCr – 1 and nCr, respectively. Main-Sample-Papers/)

JEE Main Mock Test

(nCr / nCr – 1) = (n – r + 1) / r (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Main-Mock-Test/)
Illustration: If the coefficients of three consecutive terms in the
JEE Main Crash Course
expansion of (1+x)n are in the ratio 1:7:42, then find the value of n.
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Main-Crash-Course/)
Sol:
JEE Advanced
Let (r – 1)th, (r)th and (r + 1)th be the three consecutive terms. (Https://Byjus.com/Jee-
Advanced/)
Then, the given ratio is 1:7:42
JEE Advanced Eligibility Criteria
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Now (nCr-2 / nCr – 1) = (1/7)
Advance-Eligibility-Criteria/)

(nCr-2 / nCr – 1) = (1/7) [(r – 1)/(n − r+2)] = (1/7) n−8r+9=0 → (1) JEE Advanced Registration
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
And, Advanced-Registration/)

JEE Advanced Syllabus

(nCr-1 / nCr) = (7/42) [(r)/(n – r +1)] =(1/6) n−7r +1=0 → (2)
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Advance-Syllabus/)
From (1) & (2), n = 55
JEE Advanced Crash Course
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Applications of Binomial Theorem Advanced-Crash-Course/)

JEE Advanced Exam Answer Keys

:
 The binomial theorem has a wide range of applications in (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Mathematics, like finding the remainder, finding the digits of a Advanced-Exam-Answer-Keys/)

number, etc. The most common binomial theorem applications are as JEE Advanced Paper Analysis
follows: (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Advanced-Paper-Analysis/)

Finding Remainder Using Binomial Theorem JEE Advanced Previous Year

Papers
Illustration: Find the remainder when 7103 is divided by 25. (Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
Advanced-Previous-Year-
Sol: Papers/)

(7103 / 25) = [7(49)51 / 25)] = [7(50 − 1)51 / 25] JEE Advanced Sample Papers
(Https://Byjus.com/Jee/Jee-
= [7(25K − 1) / 25] = [(175K – 25 + 25−7) / 25] Advanced-Sample-Papers/)

= [(25(7K − 1) + 18) / 25]

∴ The remainder = 18

Illustration: If the fractional part of the number (2403 / 15) is (K/15), Type your search
then find K.

Sol:

(2403 / 15) = [23 (24)100 / 15]

= 8/15 (15 + 1)100 = 8/ 15 (15λ + 1) = 8λ + 8/15

∵ 8λ is an integer, fractional part = 8/15

So, K = 8.

Finding Digits of a Number

Illustration: Find the last two digits of the number (13)10

Sol:

(13)10 = (169)5 = (170 − 1)5

= 5C0 (170)5 − 5C1 (170)4 + 5C2 (170)3 − 5C3 (170)2 + 5C4 (170) − 5C5

= 5C0 (170)5 − 5C1 (170)4 + 5C2 (170)3 − 5C3 (170)2 + 5(170) − 1

A multiple of 100 + 5(170) – 1 = 100K + 849

∴ The last two digits are 49.

Relation between Two Numbers

Illustration: Find the larger of 9950 + 10050 and 10150

Sol:

10150 = (100 + 1)50 = 10050 + 50 . 10049 + 25 . 49 . 10048 + …

9950 = (100 − 1)50 = 10050 – 50 . 10049 + 25 . 49 . 10048 − ….

10150 – 9950 = 2[50 . 10049 + 25(49) (16) 10047 + …]

= 10050 + 50 . 49 . 16 . 10047 + … >10050

∴ 10150 – 9950 > 10050

10150 > 10050 + 9950

:
 Divisibility Test
Illustration: Show that 119 + 911 is divisible by 10.

Sol:

119 + 911 = (10 + 1)9 + (10 − 1)11

= (9C0 . 109 + 9C1 . 108 + … 9C9) + (11C0 . 1011 − 11C1 . 1010 + … −11C11)

= 9C0 . 109 + 9C1 . 108 + … + 9C8 . 10 + 1 + 1011 − 11C1 . 1010 + … + 11C10 . 10−1

= 10[9C0 . 108 + 9C1 . 107 + … + 9C8 + 11C0 . 1010 − 11C1 . 109 + … + 11C10]

= 10K, which is divisible by 10.

Formulae:

The number of terms in the expansion of (x1 + x2 + … xr)n is (n + r − 1)Cr – 1

The sum of the coefficients of (ax + by)n is (a + b)n

If f(x) = (a0 + a1x + a2x2 + …. + amxm)n then

(a) Sum of coefficients = f(1)

(b) Sum of coefficients of even powers of x is: [f(1) + f(−1)] / 2
(c) Sum of coefficients of odd powers of x is [f(1) − f(−1)] / 2

Binomial Theorem for Any Index

Let n be a rational number (https://byjus.com/maths/rational-
numbers/) and x be a real number, such that | x | < 1. Then,

Proof:

Let f(x) = (1 + x)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + … +ar xr + … (1)

f(0) = (1 + 0)n = 1

Differentiating (1) w.r.t. x on both sides, we get

n(1 + x)n – 1

= a1 + 2a2 x + 3a3 x3 + 4a4 x3 + … + rar xr – 1 + … (2)

Put x = 0, we get n = a1

Differentiating (2) w.r.t. x on both sides, we get

n(n − 1)(1 + x)n – 2

= 2a2 + 6a3 x + 12a4 x2 + … + r(r−1) ar xr – 2 + … (3)

Put x = 0, we get a2 = [n(n−1)] / 2!

Differentiating (3), w.r.t. x on both sides, we get

n(n − 1)(n − 2)(1 + x)n – 3 = 6a3 + 24a4 x + … + r(r − 1)(r − 2) ar xr – 3 + …

:
 Put x = 0, we get a3 = [n(n−1)(n−2)] / 3!

Similarly, we get a4 = [n(n−1)(n−2)(n−3)] / r! and so on

∴ ar = [n(n−1)(n−2)…(n−r+1)] / r!

Putting the values of a0, a1, a2, a3, …, ar obtained in (1), we get

(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + [{n(n−1)} / 2!] x2 + [{n(n − 1)(n − 2)} / 2!] x3 + … + [{n(n

− 1)(n − 2) … (n – r + 1)}/ r!] xr + …

Binomial Theorem for Rational Index

The number of rational terms in the expression of (a1/l + b1/k )n is [n /
LCM of {l,k}] when none of and is a factor of and when at least one of
and is a factor of is [n / LCM of {l,k}] + 1 where [.] is the greatest integer
function.

Illustration: Find the number of irrational terms in (8√5 + 6√2)100.

Sol:

Tr + 1 = 100Cr (8√5)100 – r . (6√2)r = 100Cr . 5[(100 – r)/8] .2r/6.

∴ r = 12,36,60,84

The number of rational terms = 4

The number of irrational terms = 101 – 4 = 97

Binomial Theorem for Negative Index

1. If the rational number and -1 < x <1, then,

(1 − x)-1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + … + xr + … ∞
(1 + x)-1 = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + … (−1)r xr+ … ∞
(1 − x)-2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 − 4x3 + … + (r + 1)xr + … ∞
(1 + x)-2 = 1 − 2x + 3x2 − 4x3 + … + (−1)r (r + 1)xr + … ∞

2. Number of terms in (1 + x)n is

‘n+1 when positive integer.

Infinite when is not a positive integer & | x | < 1

3. First negative term in (1 + x)p/q when 0 < x < 1, p, q are positive

integers & ‘p’ is not a multiple of ‘q’ is T[p/q] + 3

Multinomial Theorem
Using the binomial theorem, we have

(x + a)n

=n∑r = 0nCr xn – r ar, n∈N

n n–r r
:
 = n∑r = 0 [n! / (n − r)!r!] xn – rar

= n∑r + s =n [n! / r!s!] xs ar, where s = n – r.

This result can be generalised in the following form:

(x1 + x2 + … +xk)n

= ∑r1 + r2 + …. + rk = n [n! / r1!r2!…rk!] x1r1 x2r2 …xkrk

The general term in the above expansion is

[(n!) / (r1! r2! r3! … rk!)] x1r1 x2r2 x3r3… xkrk

The number of terms in the above expansion is equal to the number of

non-negative integral solutions of the equation.

r1+r2 + … + rk = n, because each solution of this equation gives a term in

the above expansion. The number of such solutions is n + k – 1Ck −1.

PARTICULAR CASES

Case-1:

The above expansion has n+3-1C3-1 = n + 2C2 terms.

Case-2:

There are n + 4 – 1C4 – 1 = n + 3C3 terms in the above expansion.

REMARK: The greatest coefficient in the expansion of (x1 + x2 + … + xm)n

is [(n!) / (q!)m – r{(q+1)!}r], where q and r are the quotient and
remainder, respectively, when n is divided by m.

Multinomial Expansions

Consider the expansion of (x + y + z)10. In the expansion, each term

has different powers of x, y, and z, and the sum of these powers is
always 10.

One of the terms is λx2y3z5. Now, the coefficient of this term is equal to
the number of ways 2x′s, 3y′s, and 5z′s are arranged, i.e., 10! (2! 3! 5!).
Thus,

(x+y+z)10 = ∑(10!) / (P1! P2! P3!) xP1 yP2 zP3

Where P1 + P2 + P3 = 10 and 0 ≤ P1, P2, P3 ≥ 10

In general,

(x1 + x2 + … xr)n = ∑ (n!) / (P1! P2! … Pr!) xP1 xP2 … xPr

:
 Where P1 + P2 + P3 + … + Pr = n and 0 ≤ P1, P2, … Pr ≥ n

Number of Terms in the Expansion of (x1 + x2 + … + xr)n

From the general term of the above expansion, we can conclude that
the number of terms is equal to the number of ways different powers
can be distributed to x1, x2, x3 …., xn, such that the sum of powers is
always “n”.

The number of non-negative integral solutions of x1 + x2 + … + xr = n is n

+r – 1C
r – 1.

For example, the number of terms in the expansion of (x + y + z)3 is 3+

3 -1C 5
3 – 1 = C2 = 10

As in the expansion, we have terms such as

As x0 y0 z0, x0 y1 z2, x0 y2 z1, x0 y3 z0, x1 y0 z2, x1 y1 z1, x1 y2 z0, x2 y0 z1, x2 y1 z0, x3

y0 z0.

The number of terms in (x + y + z)n is n + 3 – 1C3 – 1 = n + 2C2.

The number of terms in (x + y + z + w)n is n + 4 – 1C

4–1 = n + 3C
3 and so
on.

Binomial Theorem IIT JEE Binomial Coefficients with

Video Lesson G.P. or A.P.

8,968 5,041

Binomial Theorem – Top 12 Most Important and

Expected Questions

1,632

Problems on Binomial Theorem

:
 Question 1: If the third term in the binomial expansion of

equals 2560, find x.

Solution:

(log2x)2 = 4

log2x = 2 or -2

x = 4 or 1/4.

Question 2: Find the positive value of λ for which the coefficient of

x2 in the expression x2[√x + (λ/x2)]10 is 720.

Solution:

x2 [10Cr . (√x)10-r . (λ/x2)r] = x2 [10Cr . λr . x(10-r)/2 . x-2r]

= x2 [10Cr . λr . x(10-5r)/2]

Therefore, r = 2

Hence, 10C2 . λ2 = 720

λ2 = 16

λ = ±4.

Question 3: The sum of the real values of x for which the middle term
in the binomial expansion of (x3/3 + 3/x)8 equals 5670 is?

Solution:

T5 = 8C4 × (x12/81) × (81/x4) = 5670

70 x8 = 5670

x = ± √3.

Question 4: Let (x + 10)50 + (x – 10)50 = a0 +a1x + a2 x2 + . . . . . + a50 x50

for all x ∈ R, then a2/a0 is equal to?

Solution:

(x + 10)50 + (x – 10)50:

a2 = 2 × 50C2 × 1048

a0 = 2 × 1050

a2/a0 = 50C2/102 = 12.25.

Question 5: Find the coefficient of x9 in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 + x2 )

(1 + x3) . . . . . . (1 + x100).

Solution:

x9 can be formed in 8 ways.

i.e., x9 x1+8 x2+7 x3+6 x4+5, x1+3+5, x2+3+4

9
:
 ∴ The coefficient of x9 = 1 + 1 + 1 + . . . . + 8 times = 8.

Question 6: The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 +

x)n+5 are in the ratio 5:10:14. Find n.

Solution:

Let Tr-1, Tr, Tr+1 are three consecutive terms of (1 + x)n+5

Tr-1 = (n+5) Cr-2 . xr-2

Tr = (n+5) Cr-1 . xr-1

Tr+1 = (n+5) Cr . xr

Given

(n+5) Cr-2 : (n+5) Cr-1 : (n+5) Cr = 5 : 10 : 14

Therefore, [(n+5) Cr-2]/5= [(n+5) Cr-1]/10 = (n+5) Cr/14

Comparing first two results we have n – 3r = -9 . . . . . . (1)

Comparing last two results we have 5n – 12r = -30 . . . . . . (2)

From equations (1) and (2), n = 6

Question 7: The digit in the units place of the number 183! + 3183.

Solution:

3183 = (34)45.33

unit digit = 7 and 183! ends with 0

∴ The units digit of 183! + 3183 is 7.

Question 8: Find the total number of terms in the expansion of (x +

a)100 + (x – a)100.

Solution:

(x + a)100 + (x – a)100 = 2[100C0 x100. 100C

2 x98 . a2 + . . . . . . +
100C 100]
100 a

∴ Total Terms = 51

Question 9: Find the coefficient of t4 in the expansion of [(1-t6)/(1 –

t)].

Solution:

[(1-t6)/(1 – t)] = (1 – t18 – 3t6 + 3t12) (1 – t)-3

Coefficient of t in (1 – t)-3 = 3 + 4 – 1

C4 = 6C2 =15

The coefficient of xr in (1 – x)-n = (r + n – 1) Cr

Question 10: Find the ratio of the 5th term from the beginning to the 5th
term from the end in the binomial expansion of [21/3 + 1/{2.(3)1/3}]10.

Solution:
:
 Question 11: Find the coefficient of a3b2c4d in the expansion of (a-b-
c+d)10.

Solution:

Expand (a – b – c + d)10 using the multinomial theorem, and by using

the coefficient property, we can obtain the required result.

Using the multinomial theorem, we have

We want to get coefficient of a3b2c4d this implies that r1 = 3, r2 = 2, r3 =

4, r4 = 1,

∴ The coefficient of a3b2c4d is [(10)!/(3!.2!.4)] (-1)2 (-1)-4 = 12600

Question 12: Find the coefficient of in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 +x3)11.

Solution:

By expanding the given equation using the expansion formula, we can

get the coefficient x4

i.e. 1 + x + x2 + x3 = (1 + x) + x2 (1 + x) = (1 + x) (1 + x2)

(1 + x + x2 + x3) x11 = (1+x)11 (1+x2)11

= 1+ 11C1 x2 + 11C2 x2 + 11C3 x3 + 11C4 x4 . . . . . . .

= 1 + 11C1 x2 + 11C2 x4 + . . . . . .

To find the term in from the product of two brackets on the right-
hand-side, consider the following products terms as

= 1 × 11C2 x4 + 11C2 x2 × 11C1 x2 + 11C4 x4

= 11C2 + 11C2 × 11C1 + 11C4 ] x4

[55 + 605 + 330] x4 = 990x4

∴ The coefficient of x4 is 990.

Question 13: Find the number of terms free from the radical sign in
the expansion of (√5 + 4√n)100.

Solution:

Tr+1 = 100Cr . 5(100 – r)/2 nr/4

Where r = 0, 1, 2, . . . . . . , 100

r must be 0, 4, 8, … 100

The number of rational terms = 26

Question 14: Find the degree of the polynomial [x + {√(3(3-1))}1/2]5 + [x

(3-1) 1/2 5
:
 + {√(3(3-1))}1/2]5.

Solution:

[x + { √(3(3-1)) }1/2 ]5:

= 2 [5C0 x5 + 5C2 x5 (x3 – 1) + 5C4 . x . (x3 – 1)2]

Therefore, the highest power = 7.

Question 15: Find the last three digits of 2726.

Solution:

By reducing 2726 into the form (730 – 1)n and using simple binomial
expansion, we will get the required digits.

We have 272 = 729

Now 2726 = (729)13 = (730 – 1)13

= 13C0 (730)13 – 13C1 (730)12 + 13C

2 (730)11 – . . . . . – 13C
10 (730)3
+ 13C11(730)2 – 13C12 (730) + 1

= 1000m + [(13 × 12)]/2] × (14)2 – (13) × (730) + 1

Where ‘m’ is a positive integer

= 1000m + 15288 – 9490 (tel:+ 15288 – 9490) = 1000m + 5799

Thus, the last three digits of 17256 are 799.

Binomial Theorem JEE Solution

926

Binomial Theorem – Binomial Theorem –

Important Topics Important
Questions

8,627
:
 4,112

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1 Give the binomial theorem formula.

We use the binomial theorem to find the expansion of the algebraic terms
of the form(x + y)n. The formula is (x + y)n = Σr=0n nCr xn – r · yr.

Q2 What is the general term in a binomial expansion?

The general term of a binomial expansion is Tr+1 = nCr xn-r yr.

Q3 What is the number of terms in the expansion of (x + a)n + (x-a)n ?

The number of terms in the expansion of (x + a)n + (x-a)n is (n+2)/2 if n is

even or (n+1)/2 if n is odd.

Q4 List two applications of the binomial theorem.

In Mathematics, the binomial theorem is used to find the remainder and

also find the digits of a number.

Test your Knowledge on binomial

theorem

Put your understanding of

this concept to test by
answering a few MCQs. Click
‘Start Quiz’ to begin!

Select the correct answer and click on the

“Finish” button
Check your score and answers at the end
of the quiz

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