Practical 3:
Data Consolidation in MS Excel
Objective : To use the data consolidation feature in Excel to apply various
functions to data present in multiple sheets.
Apparatus Used:
• Laptop or computer
• MS Excel
Theory:
Data consolidation in Excel allows you to combine and analyze data from
different sheets into a single summary sheet. It’s especially useful when
you’re working with large datasets distributed across various sources, such
as different Excel sheets or workbooks.
Steps:
1. Enter the data for 20 students in 4 different subjects across four Excel
sheets (one subject per sheet).
2. Go to the Data menu and select Data Consolidation.
3. In the consolidation window, add the data from all four sheets.
4. Apply the following functions to the consolidated data: sum, product,
average, minimum, maximum, count, and standard deviation.
5. The results of these operations will be displayed in a 5th sheet, which
serves as the consolidated summary.
Conclusion:
The consolidation process is a great way to compile data from multiple
sheets
into one and perform different mathematical operations for analysis.
Practical 4: Loan and Payment Calculations in Excel
Objective : To understand how to calculate loan-related values such as total
payments
(PMT), interest payments (IPMT), and principal payments (PPMT) using Excel’s
built-in functions.
Theory:
• PMT (Payment Function):
This function calculates the total periodic payment for loan
or investment
with a fixed interest rate and payment schedule.
Formula: =PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Where:
o rate is the interest rate for each period.
o nper is the total number of payment periods.
o pv is the present value (the loan amount or principal).
o fv is the future value (default is 0).
o type indicates when payments are due (0 for end of the period, for beginning).
1 • IPMT (Interest Payment Function):
This calculates the interest portion of a payment for a specific period of a
loan.
Formula: =IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Where:
o per is the period for which the interest is calculated.
• PPMT (Principal Payment Function):
This calculates the principal portion of a payment for a
specific period.
Formula: =PPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Steps:
1. Set Up Loan Data:
Create a table in Excel with the following loan details:
a. Loan amount (Principal): ₹100,000
b. Interest rate: 12% annually
c. Loan term: 2 years
2. Calculate Monthly Payment (PMT):
Use the PMT function to calculate the total monthly payment for the loan.
3. Calculate Interest Payment for a Period (IPMT):
Calculate the portion of interest for each payment using the IPMT function.
This allows you to separate interest from the principal.
4. Calculate Principal Payment (PPMT):
Use the PPMT function to calculate how much of each payment goes toward
paying off the principal.
Conclusion:
These functions are essential for understanding loan
amortization schedules,helping to break down
payments into interest and principal components over
the loan’s duration.
Practical 5: Template Creation in MS Word
Objective : To learn how to create custom templates in MS Word using
formatting features.
Apparatus Used:
• MS Word
• Laptop/computer
Theory:
MS Word comes with a variety of built-in templates, but users can also
create
their own templates from scratch. A template is a pre-designed document
that can be used as a model for creating new documents. Custom templates
are useful for maintaining consistency in design and layout for documents
such as reports, resumes, and letters. Key Features for Template Creation:
• Formatting options: Changing fonts, colors, and text alignment.
• Inserting tables and pictures: MS Word allows the insertion of tables,
images, charts, etc., via the Insert menu.
• Page setup and background: Word provides options to set margins,
orientation, and add backgrounds or watermarks.
Steps:
1. Write an article on the topic of urbanization, industrialization, and
tribalization.
2. Add blue-colored borders and other design elements using the
formatting options.
3. Set up the page layout (e.g., margins, orientation) and add a
background.
4. Save the document as a template for future use.
Conclusion:
You have successfully created a custom template in MS Word, which can now
be reused for creating similar documents in the future.
