Scribd
Upload
13 views

Radar Lab Report

The lab report focuses on analyzing the relationship between Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), range, and received power in communication systems. It highlights how SNR affects communication performance, emphasizing the importance of optimizing SNR for improved signal clarity and reliability. The report includes theoretical explanations, results from plots, and suggestions for future research in the field of radar engineering.

Uploaded by

Petros Melaku
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Radar Lab Report

The lab report focuses on analyzing the relationship between Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), range, and received power in communication systems. It highlights how SNR affects communication performance, emphasizing the importance of optimizing SNR for improved signal clarity and reliability. The report includes theoretical explanations, results from plots, and suggestions for future research in the field of radar engineering.

Uploaded by

Petros Melaku
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND

COMPUTING
Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering
Radar Engineering
Course Code:-ECE5310

Lab Report
Section 2
PREPARED BY:

S.No. Name ID.No.

[1.ERMIYAS GIRMA UGR/17056/11]

[2. Nebiyeliul Asmamaw UGR/17529/11]

[3. Abrham Melkamu UGR/16716/11]

Submitted to: Mr. ……………….

Date of submission: 18-May-2024


Plot Range versus SNR and Plot Received Power versus SNR

Understanding Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in Communication Systems

Objective:
To analyze the relationship between range and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as well as
received power and SNR, and to understand how these variables impact
communication system performance.

NB:
In this presentation, we will explore the concept of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and
its importance in communication systems. We will discuss how SNR affects the range
and received power of a signal, and how it is visualized through plots. By the end, you
will gain a deeper understanding of how SNR impacts the quality and reliability of
communication channels.

Theory:

1. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR):


- SNR stands for Signal-to-Noise Ratio.
- It is a dimensionless parameter that measures the power level of a desired signal
compared to the background noise level.
- A higher SNR indicates a stronger signal relative to the noise, resulting in clearer
communication.
- Conversely, a lower SNR signifies a weaker signal compared to the noise, leading
to distorted or unreliable communication.
- Definition: SNR is a measure of signal strength relative to background noise.
- Importance: A higher SNR indicates a clearer and more reliable signal.

SNR plays a crucial role in various communication systems, including:


- Wireless communication (cellular networks, Wi-Fi)
- Radar and sonar systems
- Satellite communication
- Audio and video transmission

A strong SNR ensures:


- Increased range and coverage
- Reduced bit error rate (improved data integrity)
- Enhanced image and sound quality
- Reliable signal detection and decoding
Theory:

2. Range versus SNR:


- Relationship: The range of a communication system is influenced by the SNR. As
the range increases, the SNR typically decreases due to signal attenuation.
- Implications: Understanding this relationship helps in optimizing the placement
and performance of communication systems.
- The plot of Range versus SNR depicts the relationship between signal strength and
the achievable communication distance.
- As SNR increases, the signal strength becomes stronger, allowing the signal to
travel farther and reach the receiver with better fidelity.
- This plot is particularly useful in designing communication systems, as it helps
determine the minimum SNR required to achieve a desired range.

NB:
Imagine a radio transmitter sending a signal. The farther the signal travels, the weaker
it becomes due to attenuation. A higher SNR ensures the signal remains above the
noise floor even after travelling a long distance. This plot helps us understand how
SNR influences the range limitations of a communication system.

Theory:

3. Received Power versus SNR:


- Relationship: The received power at the receiver's end also affects the SNR.
Higher received power generally results in a better SNR.
- Factors: The received power depends on the transmission power, distance, and
environmental factors like obstacles and interference.
- The plot of Received Power versus SNR visualizes the relationship between signal
strength at the receiver and the SNR.
- A higher SNR signifies a stronger received power, which is essential for accurate
signal decoding.
- This plot is helpful in analyzing the performance of communication channels and
identifying potential signal degradation issues.

NB:
The received power at the receiver's end directly affects its ability to decipher the
signal. This plot highlights how SNR influences the strength of the received signal,
which is crucial for successful communication. A good SNR ensures that the received
power remains above the noise level, enabling proper signal interpretation.
Results:

1. Range versus SNR Plot:


- Description: A graph showing how the SNR varies with the range of the
communication system.
- Observations: Key trends and points where SNR drops significantly with
increasing range.

Figure 1.1 Range Versus SNR plot


Explanation
1. Parameters:
- `Pt`: Transmit power in watts.
- `Gt`: Transmitter antenna gain.
- `Gr`: Receiver antenna gain.
- `f`: Frequency in Hz (2.4 GHz for this example).
- `c`: Speed of light in m/s.
- `R`: Range from 1 meter to 1000 meters in increments of 0.1 meters.
2. Wavelength Calculation:
- `lambda`: Wavelength calculated from the speed of light and frequency.
3. Path Loss Calculation:
- `Lfs`: Free-space path loss calculated using the range and wavelength.
4. Received Power Calculation:
- `Pr`: Received power calculated using the Friis transmission equation.
5. Noise Power Calculation:
- Constants `k`, `T`, `B`, and `NF` are used to calculate noise power `Pn`.
- `F` is the noise figure in linear scale.
6. SNR Calculation:
- `SNR` is calculated as the ratio of received power to noise power.
- `SNR_dB` converts SNR to decibels.
7. Plotting:
- A plot of `Range` versus `SNR_dB` is created.
- Key results are printed in the MATLAB command window for reference.

2. Received Power versus SNR Plot:


- Description: A graph depicting the relationship between the received power and
SNR.
- Observations: Critical points where changes in received power notably impact the
SNR.

Figure 1.1 Received Power Versus SNR plot


Explanation
1. Parameters:
- `Pt`: Transmit power in watts.
- `Gt`: Transmitter antenna gain.
- `Gr`: Receiver antenna gain.
- `f`: Frequency in Hz (2.4 GHz for this example).
- `c`: Speed of light in m/s.
- `R`: Fixed range of 100 meters.
2. Wavelength Calculation:
- `lambda`: Wavelength calculated from the speed of light and frequency.
3. Path Loss Calculation:
- `Lfs`: Free-space path loss calculated using the fixed range and wavelength.
4. Received Power Calculation:
- `Pr_min`: Minimum received power, set to 1 micro-watt.
- `Pr_max`: Maximum received power, set to 1 watt.
- `Pr`: Logarithmically spaced vector of received power values between `Pr_min`
and `Pr_max`.
5. Noise Power Calculation:
- Constants `k`, `T`, `B`, and `NF` are used to calculate noise power `Pn`.
- `F` is the noise figure in linear scale.
6. SNR Calculation:
- `SNR` is calculated as the ratio of received power to noise power.
- `SNR_dB` converts SNR to decibels.
7. Plotting:
- A semi-logarithmic plot of `Received Power` versus `SNR_dB` is created.
- Key results are printed in the MATLAB command window for reference.

Conclusion:
- Summary: Summarize the key findings from the plots and their implications for
communication system design.
- Applications: Discuss potential applications of these findings in real-world
communication systems.
- Future Work: Suggest areas for further research and analysis to enhance
understanding of SNR impacts.

You might also like