Sheet (3)

1)It is proposed to supply a load with a maximum demand of 100 MW and a load
factor of 0.4. Choice is to be made from steam, hydro and nuclear power plants.
Calculate the overall cost per kWh in case of each machine

2) A power system requires a maximum load of 80 MW at 35% load factor. It can be

supplied by any of the following schemes:
(i) A steam plant capable to supply whole load.
(ii) A steam plant with hydel plant where energy supplied
by steam plant is 120 × 106 kWh/year with a maximum load of 50 MW

. Assume interest and depreciation at 12 per cent of capital for steam plant and 10
per cent of capital for hydro plant. Calculate the overall cost per kWh.
(iii) If the whole load is supplied by a nuclear plant, determine annual cost. Take
capital cost of ` 2500/kW and running cost of 2.5 paise/kWh. Assume interest and
depreciation as 10 per cent per annum
3) The following data relate to a power plant of 120 MW capacity :
Capital cost = ` 1500/kW ; Interest and depreciation = 10 per cent on capital ;
Annual running charges = ` 20× 106 ; Profit to be gained = 10 per cent of the capital
; The energy consumed by the power plant auxiliaries = 5 per cent of generated ;
The annual load factor = 0.6 ; Annual capacity factor = 0.5. Calculate the following
:
(i) The reserve capacity.
(ii) The cost of generation per kWh
4) Two steam turbines each of 20 MW capacity take a load of 30 MW. The steam
consumption rates in kg per hour for both turbines are given by the following
equations :
S1 = 2000 + 10L1 – 0.0001L1 2

S2 = 1000 + 7L2 – 0.00005L22

 Sheet (3)
L represents the load in kW and S represents the steam consumption per hour Find
the most economical loading when the load taken by both units is 30 MW
5) An input output curve of a 10 MW thermal station is given by an equation
I = 106(18 + 12L + 0.5L2) kJ/hour
where I is in kJ/hour and L is the load on power plant in MW.
Find : (i) The load at which the efficiency of the plant will be maximum.
(ii) The increase in output required to increase the station output from 5 MW to 7
MW by using the input-output equation and by incremental rate curve.
6) The input-output curve of a 60 MW power station is given by :
I = 106(8 + 8L + 0.4L2) kJ/hour
where I is the input in kJ/hour and L is load in MW.
(i) Determine the heat input per day to the power station
(ii) if it works for 20 hours at full load and remaining period at no load.
(ii) Also find the saving per kWh of energy produced if the plant works at full
load for all 24 hours generating the same amount of energy
7) The incremental fuel costs for two generating units 1 and 2 of a power plant are
given by the following equations :
dF1/dP1 = 0.06P1 + 11.4
dF2/dP 2= 0.07P2 + 10
where P is in megawatts and F is in rupees per hour.
(i) Find the economic loading of the two units when the
total load to be supplied by the power station is 150 MW.
(ii) Find the loss in fuel costs per hour if the load is equally shared by the two units
8) The incremental fuel costs for two generating units 1 and 2 of a power plant are
given by the following equations :
dF1/dP 1= 0.065P1 + 25
dF2/dP 2= 0.08P2 + 20
where F is fuel cost in rupees per hour and P is power
output in MW. Find :
(i) the economic loading of the two units when the total load supplied by the
power plants is 160 MW.
(ii) the loss in fuel cost per hour if the load is equally shared by both units
9) The following data relate to a 15 MW thermal plant : Capital cost of plant =
1200/kW ; Interest, insurance and depreciation = 10% of the plant ; Capital cost of
primary and secondary distribution = ` 15 × 105 ; Interest, insurance and
depreciation on the capital cost of primary and secondary distribution = 5% of
 Sheet (3)
capital cost ; Plant maintenance cost = ` 80 × 103 per year ; Maintenance cost
of primary and secondary equipments = ` 2 × 105 per year ; Salaries and wages =
` 6 × 105 per year ; Consumption of coal = 40 × 103 tonnes per year ; Cost of coal
= ` 80 per tonne ; Dividend to stockholders = ` 12 × 105 per year ; Energy loss in
transmission = 10% ; Diversity factor = 1.6 ; Load factor = 0.8 ; Maximum demand
= 14 MW. Devise a two-part tariff and find the average cost per kWh.
10) An industrial consumer has a choice between low and high voltage supply
available at the following rates :
High voltage : ` 45/kW per year + paise 3.5/kWh
Low voltage : ` 47/kW per year + paise 4/kWh
In order to have high voltage supply, consumer has to install his own transformer
which costs ` 100/kW. The losses in the transformer are 3 per cent of full load.
Determine the number of working hours per week above which the high voltage
supply will be economical. Assume interest and depreciation 10 per cent of capital
and working weeks per year 50. Assume the load of the consumer as 1 MW
11) The following data relate to a 12 MW capacity thermal
plant :Peak load = 10 MW
Annual load factor = 70%
Cost of the plant = 700/kW installed capacity
Interest, insurance and depreciation = 10 per cent of the capital cost
Cost of transmission and distribution system = ` 300 × 103
Interest, depreciation on distribution system = 5 per cent
Operating cost = ` 300 × 103 per year
Cost of coal = ` 50/ton
Plant maintenance cost = ` 25,000 per year (fixed) = ` 35,000 per year (running)
Coal used= 30,000 tons/year Assume transmission and distribution costs are to be
charged to generation.
(i) Design a two-part tariff.
ii) Determine overall cost of generation in paise/kWh
12) The following data relate to a 15 MW thermal plant :
Capital cost of plant = ` 1200/kW ; Interest, insurance and depreciation = 10% of
the plant ; Capital cost of primary and secondary distribution = ` 15 × 105 ; Interest,
insurance and depreciation on the capital cost of primary and secondary distribution
= 5% of capital cost ; Plant maintenance cost = ` 80 × 103 per year ; Maintenance
cost of primary and secondary equipments = ` 2 × 105 per year ; Salaries and wages
= ` 6 × 105 per year ; Consumption of coal = 40 × 103 tonnes per year ; Cost of
coal = ` 80 per tonne ; Dividend to stockholders = ` 12 × 105 per year ; Energy
 Sheet (3)
loss in transmission = 10% ; Diversity factor = 1.6 ; Load factor = 0.8 ; Maximum
demand = 14 MW. Devise a two-part tariff and find the average cost per kWh.
13) The expected annual cost of power system supplying the energy to 40,000
consumers is tabulated below:
Fixed charges = ` 2400 × 103
Energy charges = ` 1716 × 103
Consumer charges = ` 210 × 103
Profit = ` 168 × 103
Maximum demand = 5000 kW
Diversity factor = 4
Energy supplied= 17 × 106 kWh
Devise a three-part tariff allowing 25% of the profit in fixed charges, 50% in energy
charges and remaining 25% in customer charges