You will show me the path of

SCIENCE 6 LIFE: in our presence is

fullness of joy; at your right
Modular Approach hand there are pleasures for
By: Angelin G. Paredes ever more. Psalm 16:11

LEARNING DESIGN

L – Look Straight
This is the first part of the learners’ flight in learning.
The learners will connect to God, and learners develop
a positive mind set for learning. The different
competences are introduced. Faith and learning are
blended that connects to higher learning.

I – Investigate More
Here, prior knowledge and review are given that
will allow integration of previous and new lesson.
Content and skills of the lesson are presented, and
activities are carried. Faith and life principles are
integrated.

F – Firm Up
In this stage of the learning process, learners
master the competences through the activities and
skills provided for them.

E – Exhibit Results
This is the highest part of learning where the
learners will demonstrate their learning in real-life. Rubrics
is provided as benchmarks for excellent learning product.
Prayer is offered.

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Name ____________________________________________Grade Level_____
Date started _____________________ Date Finished_____________________

Module 6: Interactions Among Living Things and Nonliving Things

L – Look Straight

Living things exist and are alive and are

made of microscopic structures called cells.
They grow and exhibit movement. Living things
can produce a new life which is of their own
kind through the process of reproduction.
Living things have a particular life span and are
not immortal.
Non-living things are not alive. They do
not possess life. They do not have cells and do
not grow or show movement. They do not
reproduce.
Non-living things do not have a life span.
They do not respire as they do not require food
for energy and hence do not excrete. They do
not fall into any cycle of birth, growth, or death.
They are created and destroyed by external
forces. (BYJU’S)
In our lesson today, you will learn and have focus on biodiversity and interactions of life on
earth. The complex interactions for survival among living things and non-living things that
take place in tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and mangrove swamps.
Likewise, you will also learn the importance of tropical rainforests, coral
reefs, and mangrove swamps.

Time with God: Say this prayer for God’s guidance.

Our Father in heaven, the maker of everything we
are here to ask your blessing to guide us as we do learn
about your masterpiece which our body. Give us your
wisdom to understand all these things in the loving name
of Jesus we pray. Amen.

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 Let us consider this story to wind up our thoughts for today’s activities.

And after the fire, came a gentle whisper. When Elijah heard it, he pulled his cloack
over his face and went out and stood at the mouth of the cave.

What makes Elijah scared of?

What kind of sound that Elijah obeys to come out
from the cave?

God tends to speak in a still, small

voice.

MELC:
At the end of the lesson you must be able to:
Demonstrate the understanding and discuss the interactions among living and
nonliving things in tropical rainforests, coral reefs and mangrove swamps.

Enabling Competencies
At the end of the lesson you must be able to:
1. Describe the components and physical conditions of tropical forest, coral reefs,
and mangrove swamps.
2. Describe the interactions among living things and nonliving things in tropical
rainforests, coral reefs, and mangrove swamps.
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3. Give the importance of rainforests, coral reefs, and mangrove swamps.
 Performance task
At the end of this module you must be able to:
1. Create a food web showing the interaction of living and nonliving things in the
ecosystem.

LET’S START!
Rain Forest Riddles – Guess Who

Match the riddle to the correct animal. Draw a line to it.

A. I am the biggest one in all my B. I am very colorful and have a
family. I can hop, swim and big strong beak to crack and
croak like the smaller ones open the tough shells of nuts.
you see. Who am I? Who am I?

Parrot Leafcutter Ant Goliath Frog Sloth

C. I am slowest-moving animal D. I am very small, but I can climb

of all. I hang from the branches trees, cut the leaves, and carry
in the canopy and I am so still them to my nest even they are 50
that predators do not see me. times heavier than me. Who am I?
Who am I?

Lesson
I – Investigate More Vocabulary:
Biome: a distinct
ecological
community of
The rain forest is one of the Earth's best recyclers, because plants and
around 75% of the water that falls as rain will evaporate and be animals living
together in a
recycled back into the atmosphere. Then it will fall as rain again. This
particular climate
is almost a closed water cycle and unlike any other on Earth.
(climate.html)

EC1: Describing the components and physical conditions of tropical forest, coral reefs,
and mangrove swamps.

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What is an Ecosystem?
How will you describe this ecosystem? An ecosystem is composed
of two major components, biotic or living components and no
biotic/abiotic or non-living components. Biotic components include
plants, animals, and decomposers. Non-living components include
air, water, and land. The interactions with biotic and abiotic factors form
an ecosystem. The abiotic environment of an organism is characterized
as survival of organisms. Ecosystems include both the biological and
physical components affecting the community or the environment. Its
abiotic constituents, includes minerals, climate, soil, water, sunlight, and
all other non-living elements, and its biotic constituents, consisting of all its
living members. Linking these constituents together are two major forces: the flow of energy through
the ecosystem, and the cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem.

The fundamental source of energy in almost all ecosystems

is radiant energy from the Sun. The energy of sunlight is used by the
ecosystem’s autotrophic, or self-sustaining, organisms. Consisting largely
of green vegetation, these organisms are capable of photosynthesis—i.e.,
they can use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water
into simple, energy-rich carbohydrates. The autotrophs use the energy
stored within the simple carbohydrates to produce the more complex
organic compounds, such as proteins, lipids, and starches, that maintain
the organisms’ life processes. The autotrophic segment of the ecosystem
is commonly referred to as the producer level.
Organic matter generated by autotrophs directly or indirectly
sustains heterotrophic organisms. Heterotrophs are the consumers of the
ecosystem; they cannot make their own food. They use, rearrange, and
ultimately decompose the complex organic materials built up by the
autotrophs. All animals and fungi are heterotrophs, as are
most bacteria and many other microorganisms.
Together, the autotrophs and heterotrophs form various trophic
(feeding) levels in the ecosystem: the producer level, composed of those
organisms that make their own food; the primary consumer level,
composed of those organisms that feed on producers; the secondary
consumer level, composed of those organisms that feed on primary
consumers; and so on. The movement of organic matter and energy from
the producer level through various consumer levels makes up a food
chain. For example, a typical food chain in a grassland might
be grass (producer) →worm (primary consumer) → bird (secondary
consumer) → snake (tertiary consumer) and the owl (apex predator)
Actually, in many cases the food chains of the ecosystem overlap and
interconnect, forming what ecologists call a food web. The final link in all
food chains is made up of decomposers, those heterotrophs that break
down dead organisms and organic wastes. A food chain in which the
primary consumer feeds on living plants is called a grazing pathway; that
in which the primary consumer feeds on dead plant matter is known as
a detritus pathway. Both pathways are important in accounting for
the energy budget of the ecosystem.

Activity 1. Observing Components of the Ecosystem

Problem: What are the components of an ecosystem?
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What you need:
Thermometer meter stick string 4 stick/peg

What you need to do:

1. Visit a school or use your own environment.
2. Measure a square meter on the ground. This will be your quadrant. Mark the area by placing
a stick or peg on the corner of the quadrant. Tie a string around your quadrant.
3. Observe and list down the components of your environment as shown in the observation
table.
4. Describe the location of your quadrant. Describe it as shaded, exposed to sunlight all day,
or shaded in the morning or in the afternoon.
5. Describe the ground feature of your quadrant. Is the ground sloping or flat?
6. Measure the air temperature of your surroundings. Record this in the observation table.
7. Observe the soil sample in your quadrant. Is it sandy, dark and crumbly, or thick clay?
Is the soil wet or dry?

Data/Observation:

Table 1. Feature of the Components of the Environment

Location Surface Feature Temperature Soil Characteristics

What have you found out?

1. What are the components of your environment?
________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.

2. How will you describe the general condition of your environment?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

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Psalm 24:1 “The earth is the LORD's and the fullness thereof, the world and those who dwell
therein”. Man was given the responsibility to take care of God’s creation.

EC2: Describing the interactions among living things and non-living things in tropical
rainforests, coral reefs and mangrove swamps.

Interaction of living and nonliving things in Tropical Rainforest

Have you visited a forest?
Other living things in the forest might include mushrooms or even bacteria living in the soil.
These living things interact with the non-living things around them such as sunlight, temperature,
water, and soil. The living things in an ecosystem are
Interdependent.

How about in Coral Reef, do living and nonliving organisms interact?

Coral reef ecosystem is a community which
has interaction between living and non-living organisms around coral
reefs. ... This ecosystem has close symbiotic relation to Algae. Coral
reefs ecosystem also appears on clear, warm, and shallow seas,
because the formation of the corals is highly dependent on sunlight.

Interaction occurs in the coral reef ecosystem. Seagrass,

which is the producer, provides nutrients for every marine life like
sea turtles, fishes, and manatees.
In Mangrove Swamps, do living and nonliving things interact?

Mangrove swamps are one of the most important Aquatic

ecosystems. Mangroves are trees that grow along the
shorelines of warm tropical oceans. Nonliving things in the
ecosystem are: Water, sand, mud, leaves, Branches, rocks,
and sunlight. Bacteria create mutualistic relationships with
the mangrove trees. The bacteria provide services such as
N-fixation while the mangroves trees provide root
exudates, stimulating microbial growth activity. Fungi show
similar relationships with the mangrove trees. Plants also
supply oxygen to these organisms.
Mangroves and coral reefs have symbiotic
relationships. The reef protects the coast where mangroves
grow and the mangroves trap sediments washed from the
land, preventing them from reaching the reef. Both
mangrove and coral reefs in coastal areas provide breeding
and protection.

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Types of Interaction in the Ecosystem
*Mutualism

The corals call for help and the fish respond.

*Commensalism -This type of interaction occurs between two

species in which on organism is neither benefited nor harmed. One
example is the orchid on the trunk of the tree. Orchids attached
themselves to the trunks of trees. The orchids make their own food and
do not take anything from the trees. They simply use the tree for
exposure to get the much-needed sunlight. Barnacles are often found
fixed to the rocky surfaces, even on the skin of whales and turtles. The
barnacles are commensals while the whale is the host.

*Predation – is the consumption of

one living organism, plant or animal
by another. It is also known as
predator-prey relationship. Examples
of predation in the forest is a snake
feeding on rats, a hawk feeding on
snake. Big fishes eat the small fishes,
Crown-of-thorns, sea urchins are
predator of corals.

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*Competition - occurs when two or more organisms compete for resources like food and
space. The resources become scarce, and competition exists. Algal population compete for space
with young corals and corals also compete among themselves. Plants also compete for sunlight
and other abiotic factors from a nearby plants for soil nutrients, and water. Some plants secrete
allelopathic chemicals into the soil to the soil to inhibit the growth of or kill other nearby plants.

*Cooperation – is type of interaction where organisms

cooperate with each other for

their survival. Working colonies of ants, bees and termites show
cooperation. Each member has specific task to do.

Corals helped by protecting the fish

Colonies of ants cooperate each other for Mangrove Ecotourism is helping to reduce
survival. pollution.

Activity 2.
Problem: How do living and non-living components interact in a marine
ecosystem?
What you need:
Algae or seaweeds fishbowl or jar
Small saltwater fish or any crustaceans’ gravel
What you need to do:
1. Wash the sand or gravel and place it in a clean jar or a fishbowl. Fill
the jar or fishbowl with water.
2. Add a few seaweeds, shrimps, and small fish.
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 3. Place the jar in a lighted area but not under direct sunlight.
4. Record the types of living things you used. Examine your jar every
other day and record your observation.
What you have found out:
1. What are the non-living components in your aquarium?
______________________________________________________________.
2. Your aquarium is a model of an ecosystem. What do you call the
non-living components of the ecosystem?
_____________________________________________________________.
3. What are the living components in your aquarium?
_____________________________________________________________.
4. What do you call the living components of the ecosystem?
_____________________________________________________________.
5. How do living and non-living components interact in the
ecosystem?
_____________________________________________________________.
Genesis 1:24-25. And God said, "Let the earth bring forth living creatures of every kind:
cattle and creeping things and wild animals of the earth of every kind." And it was so. God
made the wild animals of the earth of every kind, and the cattle of every kind, and
everything that creeps upon the ground of every kind. And God saw that it was good.

EC3: Giving the importance of rainforests, coral reefs, and mangrove swamps.

Forest provides
Importance of Forests
Forest helps
habitat for the Forest help in soil Forests provide habitat for plants and
animals and plants. maintain conservation animals. Animals and plants live in the different
global layers of the forest. This is the place where they
climate. can reproduce and get their food.

Forests serve as watersheds. Forest soil and

the roots of big trees absorb much rain. Some of
the water is used by plants. Much of the water
flows underground. Underground water is our
Forest provides source of water for home and industrial use.
Forest serves materials for
as a watershed Some of the water flow into rivers and streams,
construction. which are used in agriculture.

Forests help prevent soil erosion and floods

in low-lying areas. The roots of the plants absorb
large amounts of rainfall and this prevents water runoff and soil erosion.

Forests help in maintaining global climate. During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon
dioxide and release oxygen. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is lessened when
absorbed by plants, thus controlling the rise of temperature.

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 Forests provide materials for constructions and
furniture. Timber and lumber are used for building houses
and as scaffolds for buildings. They are also used in making
furniture and other household materials.

Forests are used for recreation. Some people use the

forest for recreation like camping, team building, and hiking
activities. Some hunt for wild animals in the forest when
hunting season is open.

Importance of Coral Reefs

Why do we need to put
highest value to coral
reefs?

Corals are one of the most beautiful and colorful natural

resources on Earth. Did you know that the Philippines is one
of the countries with the most extensive coral reef systems
in the world?

Coral reefs are the natural habitats for many sea

animals like sponges, mollusks, crustaceans, and
echinoderms. Some of these animals’ graze on algae that
grow on the surface of the reef, others feed on smaller
animals. All organisms that inhibit coral reefs participate in
the complex network of eating and being eaten.

Coral reefs are the breeding ground of fishes

and other forms of marine life. The reefs provide
environmental conditions that favor the growth and
development of young sea animals. Many animals
raised in mangrove migrate to coral reefs for food,
spawning, and habitat.

Coral reefs provide rich resources of marine

food. Coral reefs provide an abundant supply of fish,
shrimp crab, and other edible marine animals.

Coral reefs serve as a rich recreational area and

provide entertainment to people who enjoy exploring
underwater marine life.

Coral reefs protect coastlines from strong waves

and water currents.

Importance of Mangrove Swamps

Mangrove swamps serve as breeding or nesting grounds of different species. The
intricate networks of mangrove roots provide shelter for many oceanic and freshwater animals.
They use the shelter of the mangroves as breeding and nursing grounds before heading to the open
ocean. Most marine species are born and raised in mangrove forests.

Mangroves are important habitats of different for residential, seasonal, and transient
organisms from adjacent terrestrial and marine habitats. Resident invertebrates, fish, and some
vertebrates are totally dependent from the mangroves. They find protection and abundant food
11
in this environment. Fish and invertebrates from marine environments are frequent visitors to the
mangrove community. Numerous insects’ species in mangrove forests serve as mangrove
pollinators, herbivores, predators, and as food source for other animals.

Mangrove act as natural barrier and flood defense.

They defend coastlines from flooding and erosion. Trees in
mangrove ecosystems protect the shoreline by absorbing
wave action and decreasing water flow. They filter pollutants
from the river runoffs to prevent a harmful build-up of
sediments from reaching the nearby marine habitat such as
coral reefs.

Mangroves provide a source of livelihood. People use

dried mangrove trunks as fuel and charcoal. They also use
them as timber in constructing houses and other purposes.
People get livelihood from mangroves. They get oysters,
mussels, crabs, shrimps, and sell them in the market.

Try this!

Activity 3.
Problem: How do biotic components interact with abiotic components in a mangrove swamp
ecosystem?
What you need:

Fishbowl or jar brackish water (mixture of fresh and salty water)

Sand or mud fish algae snails or shellfish

What you need to do:

1. Prepare the materials. Wash the fishbowl or jar.

2. Place the sand in the jar. Add brackish water in the jar. One liter of water for every
One small fish.
3. Place the algae and fish in the jar.
4. Observe how the fish interact inside the aquarium. (Do not feed the fish with fish food.
The fish will eat the plants inside the jar.)
5. Conduct observation for three days. Record your observation in the observation table.

Table 2.

Components Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Fish

Algae

water

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What have you found out:

1. How do the fish interact with other fish in the aquarium?

__________________________________________________________________________________.
2. How does the fish affect the water inside the aquarium?
__________________________________________________________________________________.
3. What do algae provide for the fish?
__________________________________________________________________________________.
4. How do abiotic components help biotic components survive?
__________________________________________________________________________________.
5. Make a conclusion based on the given problem.

Life Lesson
Other living things and the physical environment affect the lives of all
organisms. By understanding the components of ecosystem, we can help preserve
the treasures that God had enthrusted to us. As stewards of nature, we should try our
best to protect the Mother Earth.

F – Firm Up

Mastery 1. Read each item carefully. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which food chain does occur in the forest ecosystem?

a. grass------ caterpillar -------- birds
b. grass ----- mouse------- snake
c. grass ------ wildbeast------- lion
d. grass ------ rabbit ---------- owl
2. In a forest ecosystem, which organisms are directly affected if the population of plants
decreases?
a. carnivorous b. decomposers c. herbivores d. predators
3. How do forests help in maintaining global climate?
a. Plants soak up large amounts of rainfall
b. Plants provide a habitat for plants and animals
c. Plants absorbs carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis
4. Which phrase best describes symbiosis?
a. A close living relationship between two different species
b. A close living relationship between two members of the same species
c. A relationship where one species relies upon another species as food
d. A relationship where one species serves as food for another species
5. What is NOT the benefit of coral reefs?
a. provide rich resources of marine food
b. protect the coastal areas from strong waves
c. provide passage for strong currents to coastal areas
d. serve as the breeding ground of fishes and other forms of marine life.
6. What are the producers in the coral reef ecosystem?
a. algae b. corals c. mangrove d. small fish
7. In a coral reef ecosystem, clown fishes and sea anemones live together. What type relationship
do they have?
a. commensalism b. mutualism c. parasitism d. predation
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8. Which organisms show commensalism?
a. fish living on corals c. barnacle living on a whale
b. sea urchin eating on corals d. clownfish living on sea anemone
9. Why do mangrove plants can survive in brackish water while the other plants cannot?
a. mangroves have strong trunk and roots
b. mangroves are adapted to filter seawater
c. mangroves have roots that are often exposed to above water
d. mangroves have roots that can filter saltwater and excrete salt in their leaves.
10. What is the role of crustaceans like crabs in the mangrove ecosystem?
a. they attach themselves to the roots of mangroves
b. they help break down leaf litter through grazing
c. they serve as food of other animals
d. they find food in the mud

Mastery 2: Study the pictures below, then answer the questions that follow.

Snake eating rat Carabao and plants

1. What kind of consumer is the snake? Why?

___________________________________________________________________________________.

2. How could the mouse population in the forest ecosystem affect the snake?

___________________________________________________________________________________.

3. How do the carabao and plant help each other?

___________________________________________________________________________________.

Mastery 3. Use your understanding in answering the following questions:

4. Why should we put the highest value to our forest ecosystem?

___________________________________________________________________________________.

5. Predict what might happen if a tropical rainforest receives little rain for a long period of time?

____________________________________________________________________________________.

6. Explain what would happen if decomposers were absent from a forest ecosystem?

____________________________________________________________________________________.

7. Why should we put high value to our coral reef ecosystem?

____________________________________________________________________________________.

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 8. How does the absence of mangroves affect the coral reefs?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.

9. Why should we put high value to our mangrove swamp ecosystem?

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.

10. How do mangrove and coral reefs show mutual relationship?

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.

Mastery 4. Study the following food chain below, then identify the producer, primary
consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary/final consumer, and where it happened?
(forest, coral reef, or mangrove swamp)

A.

Producer: _________________________________

Primary Consumer: _________________________

Secondary consumer: _______________________

Tertiary/Final consumer: _____________________

Where did it happened? ______________________

B.

Producer: _________________________________

Primary Consumer: _________________________

Secondary consumer: _______________________

Tertiary/Final consumer: _____________________

Where did it happened? ______________________

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 C.
Producer: _________________________________

Primary Consumer: _________________________

Secondary consumer: _______________________

Tertiary/Final consumer: _____________________

Where did it happened? ______________________

Faith To Live By
In an ecosystem, everything is connected to everything else. It is important to understand
how interactions affect the entire ecosystem. What we do to one organism affects other
organisms in the environment. And we, humans should always be connected to our creator,
so that we can interact properly to our community and environment in order to have a
harmonious and peaceful life.

E – Exhibit Results

Performance Task
Create a food web showing the interaction of living and non-living things in the
ecosystem. Please label each part.
(Use cut-outs of plants and animals and paste them in the box below).

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Rubrics:
Met the objective 10 points
Neatness: 5 points
Clarity 10 points
TOTAL 25 points

Reflection

God created the Earth perfect

together with all the things in it for
our benefits. So, we should have to
interact always to our Creator as
other living organisms interact with
the nonliving things.

PRAYER

Dear Jesus,
Help me to be kind and true in caring
our environment.
I know that you make me a steward of
all the things in this Earth, so please help me
to love always the people that I’m going to
interact every day so that there’ll be always
peace and happiness.
Thank you, Jesus, for hearing my
prayers, in Jesus name I pray. Amen.

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REFERENCES:

Padpad, Evelyn – Castante, Nenita A. Apolinario, Gil Nonato C. Santos, Ph.D. (2017) THE
NEW SCIENCE LINKS 6, Interactions Among Living Things and Nonliving Things pp.245-
277

Bernard, Rolan. 1996. Rainforest. New York: Scholastic Professional.

Living and Non-living things. Retrieved October 7, 2020 from:

https://byjus.com/biology/living-and-non-living-things/

Physical Evironment of Rain Forest. Retrieved October 7, 2020 from:

http://www.geocities.ws/alhy731/trf/climate.html

https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+of+an+ecosystem

https://www.google.com/search?q=interaction+in+tropical+rainforests

https://www.google.com/search?q=interaction+in+coral+reefs&tbm

https://www.google.com/search?q=different+interactions+in+an+ecosystem

https://www.google.com/search?q=examples+of+food+chain+in+mangrove+swamp

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Answers Key
Let Us Start: A. Goliath frog B. Parrot c. Sloth d. Leafcutter ant
Activity 1.1. Own answer
Activity 1.2 What have you found out:
1. Water, rocks, pebbles
2.abiotic 3. Fish, snails, plants 4. Biotic
5. gas-oxygen for animals and carbon dioxide for plants; habitat/place to live & food
Mastery 1. What have you found out:
1. The fish compete with the other fish in the aquarium.
2. The fish changes the color of the water inside the aquarium because of the carbon dioxide
& waste released
3. Algae provide food for the fish.
4. The abiotic components serve as habitat of the biotic components.
5. Own Answer
Mastery 2 1.b 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.d 10.b
Mastery 3
1.carnivore, because it eats the flesh of the mouse.
2.The snake population may decrease if the population of the mouse decreases.
3.Carabao gives carbon dioxide into the plants while plants give oxygen and food to the Carabao.
4.forests serve as the habitat of different species; they are a source of food and
Medicine and they help control the global temperature.
5.if tropical rainforest received little rain for a long period of time, the plants will be
Affected or they may wilt.
6.if decomposers were absent from a forest ecosystem, some wastes will not decompose
And nutrients will not be available for the plants.
7.we should put our highest value to our coral reefs because they serve as the breeding
ground and nursery of marine animals.
8.the absence of mangroves may decrease the number of marine lives in the coral reefs.
9. we should put the highest value to our mangrove swamp ecosystem because they serve as the
breeding ground and habitat of different species.
10. mangroves and coral reefs show mutual relationship. The reefs protect the coast where mangroves
grow and the mangroves trap sediments washed from the land, preventing them from reaching the reefs

Mastery 4.
A. Producer: __grass B. Producer: __seaweed /phytoplankton
Primary Consumer: ___mouse_ Primary Consumer: crab/zooplankton
Secondary consumer:__snake _ Secondary consumer:_squid/fish _
Tertiary/Final consumer: _hawk_ Tertiary/Final consumer: _Elephant Seal/Seagull
Where did it happened? Forest Where did it happened? Coral Reefs

C. Producer: mangrove leaves

Primary Consumer: ___bacteria/moks
Secondary consumer:__small fish
Tertiary/Final consumer: _Pelican
Where did it happened? Mangrove swamps

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