www.th-is.

ca

PLATE & FRAME / SHELL & TUBE

HEAT EXCHANGERS
FACT MANUAL
 www.th-is.ca

An essential risk assessment

reference guide for
Maintenance Supervisors,
Property and Plant Managers
4
 “FAILING TO PLAN
IS PLANNING TO FAIL”

How long can you be without hot water,

air conditioning and heating?

The consequences of heating/cooling

heat exchanger failure are critical!

The challenges facing building and

plant managers are vast and
increasingly complex.

Energy costs and lost production

comprise a significant component of
operational expenses.

In addition, identifying potential issues

with thermal transfer equipment
prior to a failure is essential.

Greg David
President & CEO

5
 HEAT EXCHANGER APPLICATIONS

Food & Beverage Automotive Nuclear

HVAC Dairy Pulp & Paper

Power Breweries Steel

Marine Sugar Refineries Pharmaceutical

Petroleum/Chemical Bioenergy Mining

 PLATE & FRAME
HEAT EXCHANGERS

1
 PLATE & FRAME HEAT EXCHANGERS (PHE)
The main components of a Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger
consist of the following:

Support Column Plate Pack Carrying Bar

Support Foot

Milled Steel
Fixed Cover

Guide Bar
Rod & Nuts

The most common material for the plates is 304 or 316

stainless steel in a (.4mm), (.5mm) or (.6mm) thickness.
Gaskets type depends on the operating application, typically
Buna (NBR/Nitrile), EPDM or Viton elastomer gaskets are
usually specified.

2
 PLATE & FRAME HEAT EXCHANGERS (PHE)
The main components of a Plate

Suspension Groove
for Guide Bar

Inlet / Outlet

Leak Chamber

Main Heat
Transfer Area

Gasket installed
in Plate Groove
Distribution
Area

3
 PLATE INSTALLATION
When plates are installed correctly they will form a
honeycomb pattern and if glue-less gaskets (Clip, Ball) are
used the tabs will be aligned.
Clip Ball Glue (no tabs)

Honeycomb Pattern

4
 PLATE PATTERN

HIGH THETA PLATE PATTERN LOW THETA PLATE PATTERN

• High turbulent flow • Low turbulent flow
• High heat transfer coefficient • Low heat transfer coefficient
• Perfect temperature approach • High temperature approach
• High pressure drop • Low pressure drop

5
 DIAGONAL VS PARALLEL FLOW

DIAGONAL FLOW

PARALLEL FLOW

6
 DOUBLE-WALL PLATES
The Double-Wall Plate consists of two identical plates laser
welded together leaving a thin air gap between the plates
acting as a safety zone in case either of the plates were to fail.
In the case of failure, one of the two fluids would leak
through the first plate preventing it from going any further
due to the air gap and the second plate. The leak would be
seen externally on the heat exchanger. This design offers
maximum safety against cross contamination.

External detection if
weld or plate fails

External detection
Portholes between two if gasket fails
plates are laser welded

EXAMPLES OF DOUBLE-WALL PLATE HEAT

EXCHANGER APPLICATIONS:
Transformer Oil Cooling – Water / Oil mixture can result
in severe damage to transformer
Chemical Processes – Intermixing can cause contamination,
explosions, chemical reactions, corrosion
Potable Water Heating – Distributing heat generated in a
centralized location for residential and commercial heating
requirements such as space heating and water heating,
intermixing could scald, pollute tap water

THE ONTARIO BUILDING CODE | CONNECTION OF SYSTEMS* 7.6.2.1. Connection of Systems

(1) Connections to potable water systems shall be designed and installed so that non-potable water or
substances that may render the water non-potable cannot enter the system.
(2) No connection shall be made between a potable water system supplied with water from a drinking water
system and any other potable water system without the consent of the water purveyor.

7
 SINGLE-PASS AND MULTI-PASS APPLICATIONS

Hot In Pressure Plate

(Movable)
Cold Out

Frame Plate SINGLE-PASS

(Fixed)

Cold In
Hot Out
Plates

Pressure Plate
(Movable)
Frame Plate
(Fixed)
MULTI-PASS

Cold Out Cold In

Hot In Hot Out

Plates

8
 TYPICAL GASKET TYPES

Clip Glue Ball

9
 BUNA (NBR/NITRILE), EPDM OR VITON MATERIALS
ARE THE MOST COMMON ELASTOMER GASKETS
DEPENDING ON THE OPERATING APPLICATION.

Food Standard Aggressive

Grade Grade Chemical Compouds

Changes in Gaskets:
 Time – Relaxes
 Temperature – Deteriorates
 Oxidizing Agents – Hardens
 Swelling – Chemical Absorption
Gaskets Material Depends on:
 Fluids Used
 Temperature and Pressure

10
 GASKETS ARE DESIGNED WITH VENTING PORTS,
THESE PORTS PREVENT CROSS CONTAMINATION
INSIDE THE HEAT EXCHANGER. WHEN A GASKET
FAILS, THE LEAK IS DETECTED ON THE
OUTSIDEOF THE PLATE PACK

T.H. Industrial Solutions goal is to supply the most common

and obscure, or hard to find gaskets. We offer custom
fabrication and laser cutting for unique metal
style gasket requirements.

We supply direct replacement gaskets for Alfa Laval,Vicarb,

Graham, Mueller, ITT, Armstrong, Fischer, Tranter,
Bell & Gossett, APV, & Sondex.

11
 Advantages of a PHE are:
• Servicing – plates are removed easily for
maintenance cleaning or replacement
• Small Footprint – the design is compact, requiring
less space than a shell & tube heat exchanger
• Efficiency – higher heat transfer from a greater fluid
distribution over a larger surface area which rapidly
increases the speed of the temperature changing
• Expandable Design – plates can be easily added to
increase the required heat transfer capability

COOLING MEDIA INLET

HEATED MEDIA INLET

Disadvantages of a PHE are:

• Contamination – over time plates will become build
up with scale and debris
• Replacement – gaskets tend to leak after 10-13
years and will require replacement
• Application – not compatible for higher
temperature and pressure

12
 WHAT CAUSES PLATE & FRAME HEAT
EXCHANGERS TO LEAK EXTERNALLY?

1 Rubber gaskets installed on each plate create a seal,

when gaskets become worn or damaged;
2. As the PHE ages the gaskets can dry out, lose their
elasticity and become brittle;
3. Operating temperatures, pressures and exposure to
process fluids can all reduce the life of a gasket;
4. Spiking or water hammer can force a gasket out of
the plate groove;
5. Overheating can melt the rubber and cause the
gasket to become brittle and crack;
6. Over tightening the groove the gasket sits in can
become deformed. When this occurs the gasket will
not sit flat & pushes outwards.
*.4mm thick gaskets are very susceptible to this issue

13
 WHAT CAUSES
WHATPLATE & FRAME
CAUSES PLATE HEAT
& FRAME HEAT
EXCHANGERS TO LEAK INTERNALLY?
EXCHANGERS TO LEAK INTERNALLY?
Higher pressure side pressure
1. Higher will leakside intowill
the leak
lowerinto
pressure
the lower pressure
side, if a plateside,
develops a pin hole or crack;
if a plate develops a pin hole or crack;
Over time2.theOver plates canthe
time crack since
plates canthey
crackaresince they are
continuouslycontinuously
flexing, this isflexing,
often referred to asreferred
this is often a to as a
“pop can effect” - continually bending the can back
“pop can effect” - continually bending the can back
and forth in theandsame
fortharea willsame
in the break it apart;
area will break it apart;
Cross contamination is preventable when
3. Cross contamination is preventable “doublewhen “double
walled” designed plates
walled” are usedplates
designed withare potable water.potable water.
used with
*Municipal codes verify from
*Municipal region
codes verifyto from
regionregion
with most
to region with most
new construction by-laws requiring this safety measure
new construction by-laws requiring this safety measure

DDITIONAL GENERAL GENERAL

ADDITIONAL PHE INFORMATION
PHE INFORMATION
The life ➢
span The
of a life
gasket
spaninofa cooling
a gasket application
in a coolingisapplication is
10-15 years and
10-15for years
a heating application
and for a heating8-10 years; 8-10 years;
application
Gaskets exposed
➢ Gaskets to steam
exposedwill to
typically weartypically wear
steam will
quicker than quicker
if exposed thanto ifboiler
exposedwater;
to boiler water;
PHE’s used strictly for seasonal heating
➢ PHE’s used strictly for seasonal will often
heating will often
leak during the first month of startup and seal
leak during the first month of startup after and seal after
a few weeks as the weeks
a few gasketsasexpand.
the gaskets expand.

14
 WHEN SHOULD
WHENASHOULD
PLATE &AFRAME
PLATE HEAT
& FRAME HEAT
EXCHANGER BE SERVICED?
EXCHANGER BE SERVICED?
As a heat exchanger
As a heat becomes
exchangerfouled with dirt,
becomes debris
fouled with dirt, debris
or scale, oftenorthe modulating valve provides additional
scale, often the modulating valve provides additiona
hot or cold liquid
hot ortocold
helpliquid
compensate
to help for the loss offor the loss of
compensate
efficiency of the heat exchanger.
efficiency of the heat exchanger.
Over time the control
Over timevalve will continue
the control to open
valve will continue to open
fully. Unfortunately, on the hottest or coldest
fully. Unfortunately, on the hottest days,
or even
coldest days, eve
with the valvewith
fullythe
open the heat exchanger cannot
valve fully open the heat exchanger cannot
meet the thermal transfer
meet the thermal requirements and the
transfer requirements and the
situation becomes critical.
situation becomes critical.
Monitoring just the operating
Monitoring temperature
just the operating provides a provides a
temperature
false sense of false
security.
senseRecording
of security.the differencethe
Recording in difference
the in the
outlet and inlet pressures provides a more accurate
outlet and inlet pressures provides a more accurate
result of the amount
result ofof
thefouling.
amount of fouling.
Fouling equalFouling
to the thickness of athickness
equal to the piece of of
paper
a piece of paper
represents a 20% loss of thermal efficiency. In addition,
represents a 20% loss of thermal efficiency. In addition
the energy cost
thefor pumps
energy increases
cost for pumpssinceincreases
the pumpsince the pump
must work harder to overcome the increased pressure
must work harder to overcome the increased pressure
resistance through the PHE.
resistance through the PHE.

Differential pressure average

Differential for a PHE
pressure averageequals
for a 2-4
PHE psiequals 2-4 psi
when equippedwhen with equipped
new or refurbished
with new orplates.
refurbished plates.

PHE service should be scheduled

PHE service shouldwhen the differential
be scheduled when the differential
pressure increases up to 7-10 psi.
pressure increases up to 7-10 psi.

15
 Fouled Plates

16
 PLATE & FRAME
PLATEHEAT
& FRAME
EXCHANGE
HEAT EXCHANGE
CLEANINGCLEANING
SERVICE OPTIONS
SERVICE OPTIONS
CHEMICAL FCLUSHING
HEMICAL(1-2
FLUSHING
DAYS) O
(1-2
N-SDAYS
ITE ) ON-SITE

A portable chemical
A portable
flushing
chemical
unit flushing
consists ofunit
a pump,
consiststank,
of a pump, t
filter and hoses.
filter
THSandservice
hoses. THS
technicians
servicepump
technicians
a citruspump
baseda citrus
cleaning chemical
cleaning
or mild
chemical
acid solution
or mild acid
through
solution
the heat
through the h
exchanger forexchanger
6-8 hours,for
during
6-8 hours,
the flushing
during any
the debris
flushing is any debr
collected in the
collected
filter. in the filter.

*The volume and*The

velocity
volume
of the
andpump
velocity
package
of theispump
limited,
package
PHE’s is
over
limited,
3 ft inPHE’s over 3
height and with connections
height and with
overconnections
2", will not experience
over 2", willsignificant
not experience
benefits
significant be
using this sized pump
using package
this sizedsince
pumpmost
package
powersince
supplies
mostavailable
power supplies
are 120V
available ar

17
 HIGH PRESSURE PUMPS (1-2 DAYS) ON-SITE

PHE’s can be taken apart and cleaned with high pressure

water. The water is effective in cleaning dirt and biofilm,
however may not remove scale and rust buildup. Clip or ball
style gaskets can be supplied and changed on-site during
service; glued gaskets should be removed off-site.

*Chances of a PHE leaking increases to 50-60% probability when

re-assembling a unit using gaskets that are over 10 years old, visibly
damaged or brittle, causing the PHE not to seal completely. In addition, each
time a PHE is taken apart the gaskets can be potentially damaged or may not
reseat correctly when retightened.

18
 FULL SERVICE (2-3 WEEKS) OFF-SITE

• The most effective method

to remove glue style gaskets
is to complete the service
off-site.
• Plates are submerged in
either a caustic acid bath or
nitrogen to break the glue
bond.
• After the gaskets have been
removed, the plates are
submerged in a second bath
of heated phosphoric or
hydrofloric acid to remove
scale and contamination.
• Using this method plates are
returned 95% - 99% to new
condition.
• The plates are then cleaned
with water and a Infiltration
UV Tracer is applied.

(if there are pinholes or cracks in the

plates the dye test reveals this.)

• Rubber adhesive is then

applied to the plate groove
and new gaskets are installed.

19
 LEAK AND DAMAGE DETECTION
SERVICE OPTIONS

PRESSURE TESTING
The primary side is filled under pressure with air or
water, the secondary side is pressure free. On a plate
defect, there’s a pressure reduction on primary side.

CONUCTOMETRY TESTING
The primary side is filled e.g.
with sodium sulfate, the
secondary side with water.
Driven by the osmotic
differential pressure the
tracer substance diffuses
on the water side.

INFILTRATION UV TRACER
The surface of the plates must
be chemically cleaned, then a
fluorescent color is up-sprayed
on each plate.
After a response time each
plate is checked with UV light
in a darkened area.

*Dye penetrant is applied to

damaged plates for customers
revealing the pinholes or cracks
in the affected area.

20
 GASKET INSTALLATION

* Gasket and/or Plate Delivery (depending on shipping location):

➢ stock approximately 1-3 weeks
➢ non-stock approximately 6-12 weeks
(must be molded and/or stamped)

* Complete replacement is often not practical:

➢ due to the weight and size of many heat exchangers
➢ accessibility to mechanical rooms is often severely limited
➢ many heat exchangers were installed during initial
construction before walls were installed
➢ major piping changes are often required when installing new
heat exchangers
➢ piping standard connections may have changed from a
diagonal pattern (X) to parallel

21
 USING HYDRAULICS
PLATE & FRAME

22
TO DISASSEMBLE A
HEAT EXCHANGER

23
 SHELL & TUBE
HEAT EXCHANGERS

24
 SHELL SHELL
& TUBE&HEAT
TUBE EXCHANGERS
HEAT EXCHANGERS
The mainThe components
main components
of a Shellof& aTube
ShellHeat
& Tube
Exchanger
Heat Exchanger
consist ofconsist
the following:
of the following:

Connections
Connections
Shell
Tube Bundle

Tube Sheet
Gasket
Baffles
Legs
Bonnet

ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
OF A SHELL &STHELL
OF A UBE H
&EAT
TUBE
EXCHANGER
HEAT EXCHANGER
ARE: ARE
• Tubes •– less likely
Tubes – less
to plug
likelyand
to foul
plug and foul
• Gaskets • –Gaskets
typically–onlytypically
2-4 gaskets
only 2-4 to gaskets
replaceto replace
• • Application
Application – higher pressure
– higherand pressure
temperature
and temperature
used used
• Design• – Design
basic, heavy– basic,
duty,
heavy
ruggedduty,
andrugged
durable and durable
• Lifespan• –Lifespan
average –life average
of a shell
life and
of a tube
shell isand
15-20
tube is 15-20
years, however,
years, ithowever,
is not uncommon
it is not uncommon
to have shellto have
and shell and
tube heat tube
exchangers
heat exchangers
in service in forservice
over 30foryears
over 30 years

DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
OF A SHELL
OF &
ATSHELL
UBE H&EAT
TUBE
EXCHANGER
HEAT EXCHANGER
ARE: ARE
• Efficiency
• Efficiency
– not as thermally
– not as thermally
efficient asefficient
a PHE as a PHE
• Footprint
• Footprint
– larger size
– larger
in comparison
size in comparison
to a PHE to a PHE

25
 TUBE BUNDLE COMPONENTS
The tubes are typically copper or stainless steel with a ¾" or
5/8" outside diameter, while the remaining components are
usually manufactured from milled steel.

Tie rods (circular metal rods)

and spacers hold the tube
bundle together while holding
the baffles in the correct
position. The tie rods are
fastened into the tube sheet
then secured at the farthest
baffle. The number of tie rods,
baffles and tubes depends on
shell diameter and required
application.

26
 SHELL & TUBE
BONNET TYPES

Bonnet Type #1 Bonnet Type #2

4 Pass
2 Pass 2 Pass

Bonnet Type #3 Bonnet Type #4

2 Pass 2 Pass

4 Pass 4 Pass

Steam Bonnet Types

2 Pass 2 Pass 4 Pass

27
 COMMON SHELL & TUBE
HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGNS

Straight-Tube
(one pass tube side)

Straight-Tube
(two pass tube side)

U-Tube

28
SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS ISSUES

1. When vacuum breakers or thermostatic vents

are not installed or functional the tube can be
sucked in and break.

2. If the bundle is subjected to temperature

extremes, (thermal shock), the tubes will
develop spiral cracks.

3. On steam applications, harmonics can occur.

This constant vibration can cause the steel
baffles to eventually cut into the copper tubes.

4. Chemical corrosion resulting from interaction

between the heat exchanger and the
circulated fluids.

5. Marine film or coating on tubes such as scale,

mud, algae and zebra mussels plugging tubes,
this results in higher corrosion and restricts
heat flow.

29
 SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
CLEANING OPTIONS
CHEMICAL FLUSHING (1-2 DAYS) ON-SITE
A portable chemical flushing unit consists of a pump, tank,
filter and hoses. THS service technicians pump a citrus based
cleaning chemical or mild acid solution through the heat
exchanger for 6-8 hours, during the flushing any debris is
collected in the filter.

*The level of success for this cleaning method is determined by the amount
and type of contamination. If the scale has hardened, which is very common
on heating applications, the chemical flush effectiveness can be limited.

30
 CLEANING
CLEANING
RODDING RODDING
OR DRILLING
OR DT UBES TUBES
RILLING
(2-3 DAYS
(2-3
) ODAYS
N-SITE
) ON-SITE
RecommendedRecommended
for heat exchanger
for heat exchanger
tubes thattubes
have that
hardened
have hardene
scale, the scale,
bonnetthemust
bonnetbe removed.
must be removed.
Tube cleaning
Tube brushes,
cleaning or
brushes, o
drills, are drills,
insertedare into
inserted
eachinto
tubeeach
and tube
the scale
and the
and scale and
contamination
contamination
is grindedis or
grinded
cut away.
or cut away.

31
 PRESSURE TESTING, TUBE VACUUM TESTING, TUBE
REPLACEMENT AND PLUGGING ON OR OFF SITE
THS is also equipped to provide pressure testing, individual
tube vacuum testing, complete tube replacement and tube
plugging both onsite and at our service facilities.

32
 CHEMICAL CLEANING OFF-SITE (2-3 WEEKS
CHEMICAL )
CLEANING OF
Tube bundle or complete heat exchanger
Tube bundleis serviced at one heat
or complete of exc
our service facilities. A mild acid solution is pumped through
our service facilities. A mild acid s
the heat exchanger for 6-8 hours,the during
heat the flushingfor
exchanger all 6-8 hou
debris is collected in the filter. Before
debrisand after flowinrates
is collected the are
filter. Be
recorded to gauge the effectiveness of the cleaning. A
recorded to gauge the effectiv
borescope is utilized to examine the tube internals.
borescope Pressure
is utilized to examine
testing is completed on both the bundle and shell.
testing is completed on both
*Extreme fouling applications - tube bundle is submerged
*Extreme fouling in a heated - tube bundl
applications
chemical bath. After 4 hours the bundle ischemical
removedbath.and high
Afterpressure
4 hours the bundle is
washed. If the contamination remains thewashed.
process Ifisthe
repeated.
contamination remains the p
Borescope images of tube internals *Blockage in Bottom Tube

*Complete Replacement of Shell and Tube*Complete

Heat Exchanger Deliveryof Shell and Tube H
Replacement
(depending on location): (depending on location):
➢ Stock approximately 2-4 weeks ➢ Stock approximately 2-4 weeks
➢ Custom fabricated tube bundles can➢
be manufactured in 6-10
Custom fabricated tube bundles ca
weeks weeks
*Without drawings, the bundle will need to*Without
be removed and measured
drawings, to will need to
the bundle
fabricate a replacement fabricate a replacement
*Due to the large footprint, accessibility is*Due
oftento athe
major
largeissue
footprint, accessibility is
33
 SHELL & TUBE SERVICE
BEFORE AND AFTER IMAGES

34
 SHELL & TUBE SERVICE
BEFORE AND AFTER IMAGES

35
EXCHANGER RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDE
HEAT EXCHANGER RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDE
E THE EFFECTS FROM A FAILED HEAT EXCHANGER?
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS FROM A FAILED HEAT EXCHANGER?
of production
• loss of production
of revenue
• loss of revenue
common area heating or cooling in
• no common area heating or cooling in
dominiums or hotels
condominiums or hotels
cooling for the computer main frames in office
• no cooling for the computer main frames in office
ers
towers
hot water for hospitals, hotels and condominiums
• no hot water for hospitals, hotels and condominiums
hot water for pools and hot tubs
• no hot water for pools and hot tubs
a backup contingency plan what is the effect on
Without a backup contingency plan what is the effect on
or property interruption?
business or property interruption?
mum, service interruption due to a broken heat
At a minimum, service interruption due to a broken heat
is 1 day, without a spare bundle, plate pack or
exchanger is 1 day, without a spare bundle, plate pack or
e interruption could be 1-6 weeks depending on the
gaskets the interruption could be 1-6 weeks depending on the
the repair and/or availability of parts.
severity of the repair and/or availability of parts.
NOTES:
NOTES:

36
 HEAT EXCHANGER DATA

Make: Model Number:

Make: Model Number:

Manufacture Date: Serial Number:

Manufacture Date: Serial Number:

Application (heating/cooling) Service (water/glycol/steam/other)

Application (heating/cooling) Service (water/glycol/steam/o

PLATE AND FRAME HEAT SHELL & TUBE HEAT

EXCHANGER PLATE AND FRAME HEAT EXCHANGER SHELL & TUBE HE
EXCHANGER EXCHANGER
Operating Pressures Operating Pressures
Side 1: Operating
Side 2: Pressures
Shell: Tube: Operating Pressures
Side 1: Side 2: Shell: Tube:

Operating Temperatures Operating Temperatures

Side 1: Operating
Side 2: Temperatures
Shell: Tube: Operating Temperatures
Side 1: Side 2: Shell: Tube:

Number of Plates Number of Tubes #

Number of Plates Number of Tubes #
Flow #
Flow #
Starter# Number of Baffles #
Starter# Number of Baffles #
Port #
Port #
Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM/Viton) Shell Material:
Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM/Viton) Shell Material:

Tube Material:
Tube Material:
Gasket Style (glue/clip/ball) Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM/Viton)
Gasket Style (glue/clip/ball) Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM

Pressure Inlet: Pressure Outlet:

Pressure Inlet: Pressure Outlet:

Differential Pressure: Last Service Date:

Differential Pressure: Last Service Date:

37
 OUR GOAL IS TO SOLVE
YOUR PROCESS PROBLEMS

On-Site and Off-Site Services available:

Heat Exchanger Service in Canada, Replacement

Gaskets & Plates, Pressure Testing Shell & Tube /
Plate & Frame Heat Exchangers, Chemical Cleaning
& Descaling of Pipes,Tanks, Boilers, Air Coolers etc,
Oxygen & Silicone Cleaning, Pipe/Tank Passivation,
Valve Selection/Automation, Borescope Inspection

Filtration Systems Sales/Service including:

Sand Filters, Centrifugal Separators, Disc Filters,
Magnetic Filters, Indexing Filters, Self-Cleaning
Screen Filters,Wedge Wire Filters & Strainers

38
 January 1, 2018

To whom it m ay concern,

This letter is to confirm that TH- IS (Total Heat Ex changers -

Industrial Solutions) are a fact ory approved service dealer of
Arm strong Fluid Technology (S.A. Arm strong Ltd.) and have
been since Decem ber of 2009.

They are qualified and authorized to conduct field service,

including field assem bly, com m issioning and repair services
which require special knowledge, skills and equipm ent, on
behalf of Arm strong Fluid Technology (S.A. Arm strong Ltd.).

Yours truly,
S.A. Arm strong Ltd. / Arm strong Pum ps Inc.

Joseph Tibando
Manager of Global Service

1/1

39
 Double Walled Heat Exchanger Requirements

Designers and installers are required to conform to the following requirements.

7.6.2.1. Connection of Systems
(1) Connections to potable water systems shall be designed and installed so that non-potable water or substances that
may render the water non-potable cannot enter the system.
(2) No connection shall be made between a potable water system supplied with water from a drinking-water system and
any other potable water system without the consent of the water purveyor.
Therefore, if the designers, manufacturers and installers cannot assure that, "non-potable water or substances that will
NOT render the water non-potable" (i.e. warranty of a single wall heat exchanger does not work, it only means when there
is a break, someone will fix it but the damage has been done), as such, fail safe design must be included within the
design and installation.
The local authority having jurisdiction can accept either an applicable Acceptable Solution in Division B, or an applicable
Alternative Solution that will achieve the level of performance required by the applicable Acceptable Solution in respect
of the Objectives and Functional Statements attributed to the applicable Acceptable Solutions in Supplementary
Standard SA-1.
Under the Building Code Act, the local municipality is the authority having jurisdiction for enforcing the Act and its
Regulations, and the permit applicants should contact the appropriate official with respect to any specific proposal.
Danny Hui, P.Eng. Building Code Advisor Building Services Specialist Code Advisory Unit Building and Development
Branch Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing Tel: 416-585-7368

REFERENCES
http://www.th-is.ca/ http://www.totalheatexchangersolutions.com/
http://www.heatexchangerontario.com/ http://www.coolingtowerfiltrationontario.com/
http://www.ontariomagnet.ca/

http://buildingcode.online/1124.html
https://www.tetrapak.com/processing/heat-exchangers/tetra-pak-plate-heat-exchanger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger#/media/File:U-tube_heat_exchanger.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger#/media/File:Straight-tube_heat_exchanger_2-pass.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger
http://www.virginiaheattransfer.com/content/articles/plate-heat-exchangers-five-questions-and-answers-r115
http://www.virginiaheattransfer.com/content/articles/Glued-Gaskets
https://www.alfalaval.com/gphe/service/reconditioning-and-repair/ http://www.uk-exchangers.com/plate/
http://www.yeishien.com/en/product-491159/Ethylene-Propylene-Rubber-EPR-EPDM.html
https://www.slideshare.net/masatus123456/plate-heat-exchanger
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931004002170
http://www.separationequipment.com/m3-plate-heat-exchanger.html
https://www.alfalaval.com/globalassets/documents/media/stories/double-wall-double-safety.pdf
https://ankort.com/en/razbornye-plastinchatye-teploobmenniki/teploobmenniki-s-dvojnoj-stenkoj/
http://apkthermal.com/standard-xchange/standard-shell-and-tube/
http://armstrongfluidtechnology.com/en/products/shell-and-tube-heat-exchangers
http://www.deppmann.com/blog/monday-morning-minutes/maximum-minimum-velocity-heat-exchangers-part-1/

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3RD PARTY ACCREDITATION

41
 • Plate & Frame
• Shell & Tube
• Sales / Service
• Cleaning / Testing /
Regasketing

• Brazed Heat
Exchanger
Services

• Custom Bag Filter Vessels

• CRN / ASME
• Cartridge Filters

• Tube Bundle
Complete Construction /
Re-Tubing

42
 • Butterfly Valves
• High Performance
Butterfly Valves
• Check Valves
• Ball Valves

• Plate Heat Exchanger

Service
• Shell and Tube Service

• Oil Cooler Service

• Plate Heat Exchanger

Service
• Shell and Tube
Service

• Heavy Duty Radiator

Service
• Fin Coil
• Shell & Tube

As part of our corporate social responsibility, each time an order is

placed with our company a tree will be planted by Forests Ontario.
Over a lifetime, with the addition of each tree, eventually a forest
will be created which will help to ensure the health of our
environment for future generations to come. 43
 gaskets the interruption could be 1-6 weeks depending on the
• loss of revenue
severity of the repair and/or availability of parts.
• no common area heating or cooling in
condominiums or hotelsNOTES:
• no cooling for the computer main frames in office
towers
• no hot water for hospitals, hotels and condominiums
HEAT EXCHANGER
• no hot water for poolsRISK
and hotASSESSMENT
tubs GUIDE

Without
WHAT AREa THE
backup contingency
EFFECTS plan what
FROM A FAILED HEATisEXCHANGER
the effect ?on
business or property interruption?
• loss of production
At •a minimum,
loss of revenue
service interruption due to a broken heat
exchanger is 1 day,area
• no common without a spare
heating bundle,inplate pack or
or cooling
gasketscondominiums
the interruption or could
hotelsbe 1-6 weeks depending on the
severity of the repair and/or
• no cooling for the computer availability
main of parts.in office
frames
towers
• no hot water for hospitals, NOTES:hotels and condominiums
• no hot water for pools and hot tubs

Without a backup contingency plan what is the effect on

business or property interruption?

At a minimum, service interruption due to a broken heat

exchanger is 1 day, without a spare bundle, plate pack or
gaskets the interruption could be 1-6 weeks depending on the
severity of the repair and/or availability of parts.

NOTES:

44
Number of Plates
Manufacture Date: Number of Tubes #
Serial Number:
Flow #
Starter#
Application (heating/cooling) Number(water/glycol/steam/o
Service of Baffles #
Port #
Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM/Viton) Shell Material:
PLATE AND FRAME HEAT SHELL & TUBE HE
EXCHANGER EXCHANGER
Tube Material:
Operating Pressures Operating Pressures
Side 1: Style (glue/clip/ball)
Gasket Side 2: Shell: MaterialTube:
GasketNumber: (NBR/EPDM
Make: Model
Operating Temperatures Operating Temperatures
Side 1:
Manufacture Date: Side 2: Shell:
Serial Number: Tube:
Pressure Inlet: Pressure Outlet:
Number of Plates
Application (heating/cooling) Number(water/glycol/steam/o
Service of Tubes #
Differential
Flow # Pressure: Last Service Date:
Starter# Number of Baffles #
PLATE AND FRAME HEAT SHELL & TUBE HE
Port # EXCHANGER EXCHANGER
Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM/Viton) Shell Material:
Operating Pressures Operating Pressures
Side 1: Side 2: Shell: Tube:
Tube Material:
Operating Temperatures Operating Temperatures
Gasket
Side 1: Style (glue/clip/ball)
Side 2: Gasket
Shell: MaterialTube:
(NBR/EPDM

Number of Plates Number of Tubes #

Pressure
Flow # Inlet: Pressure Outlet:
Starter# Number of Baffles #
Differential
Port # Pressure: Last Service Date:
Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM/Viton) Shell Material:

Tube Material:

Gasket Style (glue/clip/ball) Gasket Material (NBR/EPDM

Pressure Inlet: Pressure Outlet:

45
 1550 Bayly Street, Unit 15, Pickering, ON L1W 8W1
Phone (905) 831 4963
[email protected]
76 Harlowe Road, Unit 5, 6 & 7, Hamilton, ON L8W 3R6
Phone (905) 318 0777 Fax (905) 318 8422
[email protected]

www.th-is.ca www.totalheatexchangersolutions.com
www.heatexchangerontario.com

46