Scribd
Upload
47 views5 pages

Workbook: Rocks, The Rock Cycle and Soil 3.1

The document discusses igneous rocks, focusing on their formation from magma and lava. It explains the differences between intrusive igneous rocks like granite, which cool slowly and have large crystals, and extrusive igneous rocks like basalt, which cool quickly and have small crystals. Additionally, it includes a practical exercise involving identifying and reasoning about igneous rocks found on an island.

Uploaded by

dreamer019283
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views5 pages

Workbook: Rocks, The Rock Cycle and Soil 3.1

The document discusses igneous rocks, focusing on their formation from magma and lava. It explains the differences between intrusive igneous rocks like granite, which cool slowly and have large crystals, and extrusive igneous rocks like basalt, which cool quickly and have small crystals. Additionally, it includes a practical exercise involving identifying and reasoning about igneous rocks found on an island.

Uploaded by

dreamer019283
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Workbook

Rocks, the rock cycle and soil


3.1- Igneous rocks
Focus
1. Complete these sentences by writing in the correct words. Choose words from the box:

minerals crystalline magma intrusive extrusive basalt


Quickly slowly granite crystals small crust

magma or lava cool down into solid rock. An ________


Igneous rocks form when __________ intrusive
crust
igneous rock forms when magma cools down inside the Earth’s ______.The magma cools
slowly . This causes the _______
_______ crystals to be large. An example of one of these types of rock is
extrusive igneous rock
granite When lava cools down on the surface of the Earth, an __________
_______.
quickly and the crystals are very _______.
forms. The lava cools _______ small An example of one of
minerals . These
basalt All igneous rocks are formed of crystals of ________
these types of rock is _______.
crystalline appearance.
give the rock a __________
Practice
2. The diagram shows a section of the Earth’s crust and the surface of the Earth.
a. Label the following features: Intrusive igneous rock; Extrusive rock

b. Give an example of each type of


rock you have labelled.

Intrusive igneous rock – granite


Extrusive igneous rock – basalt

c. Describe the difference between the


two rocks you named.
Granite has large crystals which you can see with the naked eye, whereas basalt has
tiny crystals which you cannot see with the naked eye.
d. Explain this difference.
Magma cooled down slowly inside the Earth’s crust to form large crystals. Lava
cooled down quickly on the surface to form small crystals.

3. Challenge

Arun and Marcus have gone to an island on holiday.


There is a big mountain in the middle of the island.
They are walking along the beach. The beach is
covered with black stones that have been smoothed
by the sea.

The boys have been learning about igneous rocks at school.


‘I think these stones are granite,’ says Arun.
‘No, Arun, they are basalt,’ says Marcus.
a. Who is correct, Arun or Marcus?
Marcus is correct.
b. Give reasons why he is correct.
The rock is black and shiny but you can’t see the crystals with the naked eye.

c. Describe why you think this rock is on the island. (Hint: read about the island above for
a clue.)
The island has a big mountain in the middle of it. This could be a volcano. When
the volcano erupts, lava covers the island. The lava cools quickly to form an extrusive
igneous rock such as basalt.

You might also like