UNIVERSIrY OFCALABAR

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
SKCOND ^EMESTER EXAMINATION
CoURSE CODE: PHY 272
TOR THE 2019/2020 ACADEMIC SESSION
CoURSETITLE: ELEMENTARY MODERN PHYSICS
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER THREE (3) QUESTIONS ONLY TIME: 2hrs

1. (a)i. Distinguish between inertlal and non-inertial frame of

reference. (2 marks)
i. Two inertial systems are recedtng from one
another at a uniform speed of 0.6 c. In
one system, a spinter runs 200 m in 20s according to his stop
the spinter is perpendicular to the axis of relative motion watch. If the path of
between the two system.
How far did it take him, according to an observer in the
(Take c= spped of light] other inertial system?
(6 marks)
(b)i. An observer moves at 0.8c+parallel to the edge of a
cube having a proper volume of
15cm.What does the observer measure for the volume of the cube? (8marks)
i. The semi minor axis of a nucleus is
one - third of its semi -major axis.
the deformation
of the nucleus Determine
(7marks)

2. (a) i. If a
blackbody is at thermal
Hence, owis itdescrived? equilibrium with its surroundings? What does it do?
(2 marks)
ii. From your knowledge of Wien's
displacement law, what happens when the
temperature of a black body decreases? State also
preferable when cooking with kerosene stove? the reason blue flame is most
(3 marks)
iii. Given that the
temperature
from its surface
of a spherical black
is 3,9 x 1026W, calculate the body isof5796 K.If the power radiating
Take o = 5.6705 >x 10-Wm 'K-4 radius the body.
(5.5 marks)
(b)i. List the five (5) methods of
methods were used: liberating electrons from a conductor. Which of the
listed
() to investigate the interaction of (5 marks)
electrons and photons?
(1) by J. J. Thompson to produce electrons? (1mark)
(Imark)
il. When observing a photo
1. what is the effect of -electriceffect experimental result:
increasing the workfunction of the
IL. what happens when the
frequency of the incident light conducting
II1. how is the maximum kinetic exceeds
cathode?
threshold
energy of the
photo electrons be determnined? frequency?
(3 marks)
3. (a) 1. Define radioactivity (2 marks)
. If the probability that a radloactive nucleus does not
P(c) =e-df, Derlve the decay law and obtaln the rate ofdecay time t is given by
at
nucleus.
decay of a radioactive
ili. Write down the relationship between half-life and mean (7 marks)
half life time (2marks)

(b) i. Brietly explain the electron capture process.

(4 marks)
ii. Complete the following egquations and state the decay
case
process takíng place in each
230r RTh +He (2 marks)
Il. si ’hAl+* + Ve, (3 marks)
III. y+ ZBc’ Li +v (3 marks)

4 (a)i. According to de Broglie Hypothesis, state one similarity between light

particle. and.material
ii. Matter, as photon is duality in nature. What is the physics
behind the statement?
ii. An electron in a highly charged wax
was scattered by an x -ray such that a
wavelength of 1.846 x 10-1m was obtained. Through what
shift in
scattered? Determine also the wavelength of the angle was the electron
unmodified wave is 2.254 *10-13n modified wave if that of the
[Take me =9.11 X10-31 kg, h=6.63 x
10-4Js,c= 3.0 x 10®m/s]
(b)i. Derive uncertainty (2+3+6 marks)
principle in energy and time.
ii. An electron travels
with a
0.6% of the measured speed of 4.05 x 10m/s. If the
uncertainty momentum is
momentum of the electron,
position. Take m, =9.11 x 10-31 kg,h=6.63 x calculate the uncertainty of its
10-34|s
ii. What is a
Schrodinger's equation?
iv. Given 82
m[E u(z)]p
equation
dy2
=0.ldentify the specific direction of the
(3+6+2+1 marks)
 UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR
SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: PHY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
COURSE TITLE: 272 EXAMINATION FOR THE 2020/2021 ACADEMIC
SESSION
INSTRUCTIONS: ELEMENTARY MODERN PHYSICS
ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS ONLY
1(a) i. For de Broglie, it TIME: 2hrs
was not clear with
kinetic energy or total matter, whether the energy
ii. From relativistic energy. What then was his obtained was a total energy.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, show that conclusion? (1 mark<
ii. An x-ray photon of energy and time are
conjugate.
through an angle ofwavelength
60.
2.0 x 10-1 mstrikes a
wax target and
(3 marks]

10-34Js, m,Calculate scatters electron

the wavelength of the

!
[h =6.626 x recoiled
= 9.11 x 10-31 kg, c =3.0 × 10®m/s] photon.
(5 marks]
(b) i. In Bohr's atomic
the effect on thetheory, each orbit has a fixed energy. If
revolution of electrons round the nucleus?otherwise, what would have been
ii.
Calculate the binding energy of U: (mass [2 marks]
iii The wavelength difference
238.029u) m, = 1.008665u, mp = 1.00726u [5 marks]
for hyurugen is 534.7 nm. between the longest lines in the Balmer and Lyman series (g - )
Calculate the Rydherg corstant (R) for hydrogen.
Hint for any line series, Rn (n)
1 1
,for Lyman, nË = 2 and Balmner, nË = 3

2. (a) i. What is radioactivity?

ii. If the
[2marks]
probability that at radioactive nucleus does not decay at time t is given as
Pt) =eA, derive the decay law and obtain the rate of decay of a
radioactive nucleus. (6 marks]
(b) i. Briefly explain gamma decay.
(S marks]
ii. Complete the following equations:

239r ’ *Th + $He (2 marks]

II. Si ’ 3AL + R+ P (+ marks]
III. y+Be ZLi +u (4 marks]

3. (a) Awave function is given by b (x, t) = Ae hEt-Px)

i. What does it represent? 2 marks)
[(2 marks]
i. Why is it called an eigen state?
3+3 marks]
iii. Obtain its equivalent in terms of velocity, vand angular frequency, o
(b)i. From the classical mechanical energy of a
system, show that the 1D steady-state
Schrodinger equation can be obtained
F
ii. For a free particle confined in a box,
as+E-v()]y =0 [7 marks]
the x-axis of width x = a. whose motion is restricted only to travel
along
Show that the wave function of the
particle is y(C)=Asln kx, where k= 2mE
[6 marks]
4. (a) i. What happens to the rate of radiation of a black body
surrounding? when its temperature is less than that of its
ii. The birth of Quantum [2 marks]
Physics brought
to the existence of photon and its about some discoveries, one of which is a
interactions with electrons in a metal when lightconfirmation
frequency is impinged on it of a certain
I. What is the namne of this
II. What are the other threediscovery?
ways that this process can be achieved?
[2+3 marks]
iii. Aspherical blackbody of radiusm with spectral emissivity of 0.9
with a wavelength 400 nm. Calculate the total power radiated. Wm-l radiates energy
[Hint: Surface area =4rr] [4 marks]

(Dji. The diagram in Fig. i shows a graphs of blackbody y

curves for stárs with different surfate temperacures.
second Star B
per Star A
Output
StarC
Energy

Waveléng
Fig. 1
Which of the stars has the lowest surface temperature?
I. State one condition that would cause the radiation curves to follow the trend A+B-C.
What would be the correct trend of the curves, according to Wien's displacement law?
[1+2+2 marks]

i. Light of wavelength 350 nm is incident upon a metal of work function 3.15 ev.
Calculate the stopping potential of the photon.
[h = 6.626 x 10-34Js, c = 3.0 x 10®m/s, leV = 1.6x 10-1°J] (7 marks]