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Module 2-M simple curve.docx

The document provides an overview of simple curves in highway and railroad engineering, detailing key concepts such as points of curvature (P.C.), points of tangency (P.T.), and various measurements related to curves. It includes definitions of terms like radius, external distance, and degree of curve, as well as examples requiring calculations for different scenarios involving simple curves. The content is structured to assist in understanding the geometry and calculations necessary for designing simple curves in transportation engineering.

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Clarisse Jose
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32 views

Module 2-M simple curve.docx

The document provides an overview of simple curves in highway and railroad engineering, detailing key concepts such as points of curvature (P.C.), points of tangency (P.T.), and various measurements related to curves. It includes definitions of terms like radius, external distance, and degree of curve, as well as examples requiring calculations for different scenarios involving simple curves. The content is structured to assist in understanding the geometry and calculations necessary for designing simple curves in transportation engineering.

Uploaded by

Clarisse Jose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING

PBSCE 009
MODULE 02
Simple Curves
Simple Curve is a circular arc, extending from one tangent to the next. The point where the curve
leaves the first tangent is called the point of curvature (P. C.) and the point where the curve joins the
second tangent is called the point of tangency (P.T.). The P.C. and P.T. are often called tangent points.
If the tangent be produced, they will meet in a Point of Intersection called vertex. The distance from
the vertex to the P.C. or P.T. is called tangent distance. The distance from the vertex to the curve is
called the external distance (measured towards the center of curvature). While the joining the middle
curve and the middle of the chord line joining P.C. and P.T. is called the middle ordinate.

● PC = Point of curvature. It is the beginning of curve.


● PT = Point of tangency. It is the end of curve.
● PI = Point of intersection of the tangents. Also called vertex
● T = Length of tangent from PC to PI and from PI to PT. It is known as subtangent.
● R = Radius of simple curve, or simply radius.
● L = Length of chord from PC to PT. Point Q as shown below is the midpoint of L.
● Lc = Length of curve from PC to PT. Point M in the the figure is the midpoint of Lc.
● E = External distance, the nearest distance from PI to the curve.
● m = Middle ordinate, the distance from midpoint of curve to midpoint of chord.
● I = Deflection angle (also called angle of intersection and central angle). It is the angle of
intersection of the tangents. The angle subtended by PC and PT at O is also equal to I, where O is
the center of the circular curve from the above figure.
● x = offset distance from tangent to the curve. Note: x is perpendicular to T.
● θ = offset angle subtended at PC between PI and any point in the curve
● D = Degree of curve. It is the central angle subtended by a length of curve equal to one station. In
English system, one station is equal to 100 ft and in SI, one station is equal to 20 m.
● Sub chord = chord distance between two adjacent full stations.

E1. A simple curve has an angle of intersection of 45 degree and radius of 200m. The point of
intersection is STA. 2+982.84.
a. Compute the stationing of P.T.
b. Compute the deflection angle of STA. 2+937.7 from P.C.
c. Compute the right angle offset from STA. 2+937.7 on the curve to tangent through P.C.
d. Compute the degree of curve using chord basis.
E2. A curve of a diversion road has a tangent AB with direction due north and tangent BC bearing N
70 E. Point A is at P.C. whose stationing is 12+600. The degree of curve is 5 degree.
a. Compute the long chord of the curve.
b. Compute the stationing of point D on the curve along a line joining the center of the curve which
makes an angle of 40 degree (at E) with the tangent line passing through the P.C.
c. What is the length of the line D to E.
E3. Two tangents of a simple curve have azimuths of 120 degree and 150 degree respectively. If the
external distance is 12m,
a. Evaluate the radius in meters
b. Evaluate the middle ordinate in meters
c. Evaluate the tangent distance in meters
E4. An existing highway with bearing of N 20 E is to be connected to another highway, with bearing of
N 80 E, by a 4-degree simple Curve. What length of curve is required?

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