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LESSON 2.1 - Introduction To IT - Computers & Their Parts

The document outlines the components of a computer system, including hardware and software, and details the parts of the system unit and motherboard. It explains the functions of the computer case, power supply, and cooling systems, as well as the significance of the CPU. Additionally, it describes various motherboard form factors and their layouts.

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kaikaiharris2008
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17 views16 pages

LESSON 2.1 - Introduction To IT - Computers & Their Parts

The document outlines the components of a computer system, including hardware and software, and details the parts of the system unit and motherboard. It explains the functions of the computer case, power supply, and cooling systems, as well as the significance of the CPU. Additionally, it describes various motherboard form factors and their layouts.

Uploaded by

kaikaiharris2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

Lesson 2.1 November 16 - 17, 2015


Specific Objectives

◻ Describe a computer system


◻ Identify and label the different parts of the computer
system.
◻ Identify and label the different components of the
system unit.
◻ Identify and label the different parts of the
motherboard.
Components of the Computer System
Basic Personal Computer System
▪ A computer system consists of hardware and software
components.
▪ Hardware is the physical equipment such as the case,
storage drives, keyboards, monitors, cables, speakers,
and printers.
▪ Software is the operating
system and programs.
▪ The operating system
instructs the computer how
to operate.
▪ Programs or applications
perform different functions.
Parts of the Computer System
Parts of the System Unit
Parts of the System Unit (without Casing)
Computer Cases and Power Supplies

Computer case
◻ Provides protection and support for internal
components
◻ Should be durable, easy to service, and have enough
room for expansion
Power supply
◻ Converts AC power from the
wall socket into DC
◻ Must provide enough power
for the installed components
and future additions
Computer Cases

◻ Contain the framework to


support and enclose internal
components of the computer
◻ Typically made of plastic,
steel, and aluminum
◻ Available in a variety of
styles
◻ The size and layout of a
case is called a form factor
◻ Designed to keep internal
components cool
◻ Helps to prevent damage
from static electricity
Case Selection
Factor Rationale
Two main case models (one for desktop PCs and the other for
Model Type tower PCs). The type of motherboard determines the type of
case. Size and shape must match exactly.
If a computer has many components, it will need more room for
Size airflow to keep the system cool.
Desktop cases allow space conservation in tight areas because
Available the monitor can be placed on top of the unit. The case design
Space may limit the number and size of the components that can be
added.
Match the power rating and connection type of the power supply
Power Supply to the type of motherboard chosen.
There are many case designs to choose from if it is necessary
Appearance to have a case that is attractive.
LED indicators that are mounted on the front of the case can tell
Status Display you if the system is receiving power, when the hard drive is
being used, and when the computer is on standby or sleeping.
All cases have a vent on the power supply. Some cases have
Vents more vents to dissipate an unusual amount of heat.
Power Supplies

◻ The power supply converts alternating-current


(AC) power coming from a wall outlet into
direct-current (DC) power, which is a lower
voltage.
◻ DC power is required for all of the components
inside the computer.
◻ Cables, connectors, and
components are designed
to fit together snugly.
Never force any connector
or component.
Parts of the Motherboard
Motherboards
◻ The main printed circuit board.
◻ Contains the buses, or electrical
pathways found in a computer.
Buses allow data to travel
among the various components.
◻ Also known as the system board,
the backplane, or the main board.
◻ Accommodates CPU, RAM, expansion slots, heat
sink/fan assembly, BIOS chip, chip set, sockets, internal
and external connectors, various ports, and the
embedded wires that interconnect the motherboard
components.
Motherboard Form Factors
◻ The form factor of motherboards pertains to the size
and shape of the board.
◻ It also describes the physical layout of the different
components and devices on the motherboard.
◻ Various form factors exist for motherboards.
AT – Advanced Technology
ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
Mini-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX
Micro-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX
LPX – Low-profile Extended
NLX – New Low-profile Extended
BTX – Balanced Technology Extended
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

◻ Known as the brain of the computer. Also


referred to as the processor.
◻ Most important element of a computer system.
Executes a program, which is a sequence of stored
instructions.
Cooling Systems
◻ Electronic components generate
heat. Too much heat can
damage components.
◻ A case fan makes the cooling
process more efficient.
Case Fan ◻ A heat sink draws heat away
from the core of the CPU. A fan
CPU Fan on top of the heat sink moves
the heat away from the CPU.
◻ Fans are dedicated to cool the
Graphics-processing unit
(GPU).

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