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Database MYSQL Class 12 SN

A database is a collection of interrelated data managed by a Database Management System (DBMS). Key concepts include data redundancy, data inconsistency, relational database models, primary keys, foreign keys, and data manipulation languages. Additionally, transaction control commands are used to manage changes made by data manipulation commands.

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13 views

Database MYSQL Class 12 SN

A database is a collection of interrelated data managed by a Database Management System (DBMS). Key concepts include data redundancy, data inconsistency, relational database models, primary keys, foreign keys, and data manipulation languages. Additionally, transaction control commands are used to manage changes made by data manipulation commands.

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pranavrao168
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Database Short Notes

13 July 2023 19:17

Database: Database may be defined as a collection of interrelated data stored together to serve Multiple
applications.

DBMS: Database Management System, refers to a software that is responsible for storing maintaining and
utilizing databases. A database along with a DBMS is referred to as a database system.

Data Redundancy: Duplication of data is known as Data Redundancy.

Data Inconsistency: Mismatched multiple copies of same data, is known as Data Inconsistency.

Relational Database Model:

In a relational data model, the data is organized into tables that is rows and columns. These tables are called
relations. A row in a table represents a relationship among set of values.
Rows of a relation are generally referred to as tuples and the columns are usually referred to as attributes.

Field: A data item that represents one type of information and is often referred to as a field or data element.
Record: A record is a named collection of data items which represents a complete unit of information
Degree: The number of attributes(columns) in a relation determine the degree of a relation.
Cardinality: The number of tuples(rows) in a relation is called the cardinality.

View: View is a virtual table that does not really exist in its own right but is instead derived from one or more
underlying base table(s).
Every time a view is being referred to, its contents are derived from its underlying base table(s) using its stored
definition.

Primary Key: Set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within the relation.
Composite Primary Key: When a primary key is made up of two or more attributes, it is called composite primary
key.
Primary key is non redundant, that is it doesn’t have any duplicate values in the same relation. It is also a not null
attribute(column).

Candidate Key: All attribute combinations inside a relation that can server as primary key are candidate keys as
they are candidates for the primary position.

Alternate Key: A candidate key that is not a primary key is called an alternate key.

Foreign Key: A foreign key is used to represent the relationship between two tables. It is a non-key attribute,
whose values are derived from the primary key of some other table, is known as foreign key in its current table.

Referential Integrity: Is a system of rules that a DBMS uses to ensure relationships between records in related
tables are valid, and that user don’t accidently delete or change related data.

Data Definition Language(DDL): Provides commands for defining relational schemas, deleting relations and
creating indexes. We can create, alter and drop schema objects; grant and revoke privileges and roles.
Data Dictionary: Is a file that contains "Metadata" i.e. data about data.

Database Page 1
Data Manipulation Language(DML): It is a language that enables users to access or manipulate data as organized
by the appropriate data model. With DML we can do DIRM.

Transaction Control Commands(TCL): To manage and control transactions. These commands manage the
changes made by DML commands.

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