Session Cookie Explanation

The code in the question:

csharp

HttpCookie CookieObject = new HttpCookie("UserName", "David");

Response.Cookies.Add(CookieObject);

creates a Session Cookie because it does not set an expiration time (`Expires` property). By default,
cookies without an expiration date are stored in memory and expire when the browser is closed.

Correct Answer:

✅ Session Cookie

The correct answer is:

✅ XmlDocument
The `XmlDocument` class in C# is used to create, load, modify, and save XML documents. You can create
an XML document from scratch using this class by adding elements and attributes programmatically.

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The given code:

csharp

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
throw new Exception();

try
{
Response.Write("Hello");
}
catch (Exception E)
{
Response.Write(E.Message);
}
}

Analysis:

1. The `throw new Exception();` statement is executed first.

2. Since an exception is thrown before the `try` block, the execution of the method is immediately
halted.

3. The `try-catch` block is never reached.

4. As a result, the exception remains unhandled and will cause a runtime error.

Correct Answer:

✅ "The below exception will not be handled."

The correct answer is:

✅ `Response.Write(System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name);`

Explanation:

`System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent()` retrieves the Windows identity under

which the current code is executing.

`.Name` returns the name of the user associated with that identity.
This is useful when impersonation is enabled in an ASP.NET application to verify under which user
context the code is running.

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The correct answer is:

✅ `Page.Validate();`

Explanation:

`Page.Validate()` forces all validation controls on the page to execute their validation logic.

This method is commonly used in ASP.NET Web Forms when performing custom validation before
processing form submissions.

After calling `Page.Validate()`, you can check `Page.IsValid` to determine if all validations passed.

The correct answer is:

✅ "The method has to be defined as Async"
Explanation:

The method `LoadEmployee_Click` is using the `await` keyword, which requires the method to be
marked as `async`.
In C#, when using `await` inside a method, the method must be declared as `async`, like this:

csharp

async void LoadEmployee_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

Without `async`, the compiler will throw an error because `await` can only be used inside an
asynchronous method.

The correct answer is:

✅ `TransactionObject.Rollback("FirstStep");`

Explanation:

In SQL transactions, SAVEPOINT allows you to set a point within a transaction that you can roll
back to later.
The correct syntax for rolling back to a specific savepoint is:

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 sql

ROLLBACK TRANSACTION FirstStep;

Or, in C# using `SqlTransaction`:

csharp

transaction.Rollback("FirstStep");

`Commit("FirstStep")` is incorrect because commit applies to the whole transaction, not a

savepoint.
`Save("FirstStep")` creates a savepoint but does not restore the transaction.

`Rollback();` without a parameter rolls back the entire transaction, not to a specific savepoint.

The correct answer is:

✅ Using System.Net.Mail
Correct way to send an email in ASP.NET:

csharp

using System.Net.Mail;

MailMessage mailMess = new MailMessage();

mailMess.From = new MailAddress("[email protected]");
mailMess.To.Add("[email protected]");
mailMess.Subject = "Test Email";
mailMess.Body = "This is a test email.";

SmtpClient smtp = new SmtpClient("smtp.your-email-provider.com");

smtp.Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential("your-username", "your-password");
smtp.EnableSsl = true;
smtp.Send(mailMess);

Explanation:

1. System.Mail: Does not exist in .NET.

2. System.Web.Mail: Deprecated in .NET 2.0.

3. System.Net.Mail: The correct namespace introduced in .NET 2.0 for sending emails.

Thus, System.Net.Mail is the correct option for sending emails in ASP.NET.

Get me deprecated answer

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The deprecated approach for sending emails in ASP.NET was using System.Web.Mail, which was used in
older .NET versions but has been replaced by System.Net.Mail since .NET 2.0.

Deprecated Approach (System.Web.Mail)

csharp

using System.Web.Mail;

MailMessage mailMess = new MailMessage();

mailMess.From = "[email protected]";
mailMess.To = "[email protected]";
mailMess.Subject = "Test Email";
mailMess.Body = "This is a test email.";

SmtpMail.SmtpServer = "smtp.your-email-provider.com";
SmtpMail.Send(mailMess);

Why is it Deprecated?

System.Web.Mail relies on CDO (Collaboration Data Objects), which is outdated.

Lacks modern security features like SSL/TLS.

No support for SMTP authentication in a secure way.

Use System.Net.Mail instead, as it is the officially supported alternative.

In ASP.NET 4.5, garbage collection (GC) is enabled by default, but Server Garbage Collection can be
explicitly enabled using the `<gcServer>` element in the `web.config` file.

Correct Option:

xml

<configuration>
<runtime>
<gcServer enabled="true"/>
</runtime>
</configuration>

This enables Server GC, which is optimized for multi-threaded applications running on multi-core
systems.

Incorrect Options:

1. `<gc enabled="true"/>` in `<appSettings>` – There is no such setting.

2. `<GarbageCollect enabled="true"/>` – This tag does not exist in `.NET` configuration settings.
3. None – This is incorrect because GC settings can be configured.

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The two required attributes of the `@OutputCache` directive in ASP.NET are:

1. Duration – Specifies the time (in seconds) that the response is cached.
2. VaryByParam – Specifies which query string or form parameters should trigger a new cached
version.

Correct Answer:

✅ Duration and VaryByParam (Last Option)

Other options are incorrect because:

`IsActive` is not a valid attribute.

`Location` is an optional attribute, not required.

The correct event to dynamically assign a Master Page in ASP.NET Web Forms is `Page_PreInit`.

Correct Answer:

✅ `Page_PreInit`

csharp

void Page_PreInit(Object sender, EventArgs e)

{
this.MasterPageFile = "~/MasterPage.master";
}

Explanation:

The Master Page must be assigned in the `PreInit` event because after this stage, the page's
master page cannot be changed.
Assigning it in `Page_Load`, `Page_Init`, or `Page_PreRender` will result in an exception or simply
won't work.

Correct Answer:

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✅ Role Based Authentication
Explanation:

The given XML snippet in `web.config` defines role-based authorization:

xml

<authorization>
<allow roles="Domain_Name\Administrators" /> <!-- Allow Administrators in domain -->
<deny users="*" /> <!-- Deny anyone else -->
</authorization>

This allows only users who belong to the "Administrators" role in the specified domain
(`Domain_Name\Administrators`).

The `deny users="*"` rule blocks all other users from accessing the resource.

Since access is determined by user roles, this is Role-Based Authentication.

Correct Answers:

✅ Configure the application to use the class.

✅ Configure the application to use the
`ClientWindowsAuthenticationMembershipProvider`
`ActiveDirectoryMembershipProvider` class.

Explanation:

The goal is to authenticate users against Active Directory using client-side scripts.

1. ClientWindowsAuthenticationMembershipProvider:

This provider allows Windows-based authentication in AJAX-enabled applications.

It integrates Windows authentication into client-side scripts.

2. ActiveDirectoryMembershipProvider:

This provider enables authentication against Active Directory.

It is necessary when user credentials should be validated against Active Directory.

Why Not the Other Options?

❌ `<authentication mode="Forms" />` → Incorrect

Forms authentication is not used for Active Directory authentication.

❌ `<authentication mode="None" />` → Incorrect

Disabling authentication (`None`) would prevent any authentication from happening.

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Thus, the correct approach is to use `ClientWindowsAuthenticationMembershipProvider` and
`ActiveDirectoryMembershipProvider`.

Correct Answer:

✅ Add the `Async="true"` attribute to the Page directive.

Explanation:

The provided code snippet uses `AddOnPreRenderCompleteAsync` to register asynchronous event handlers
(`BeginCallWebService` and `EndCallWebService`). However, ASP.NET pages must be explicitly marked
as asynchronous to support this functionality.

Why is `Async="true"` required?

The `Async="true"` directive enables the page to execute asynchronous tasks.

Without this directive, async event handlers won’t execute properly.

Why Not the Other Options?

❌ Move to `PreInit` → Incorrect

`PreInit` is too early in the page lifecycle; async tasks are not supported here.
❌ Move to `PreRender` → Incorrect

`PreRender` is too late for registering async event handlers.

❌ Add `AsyncTimeout="0"` → Incorrect

`AsyncTimeout` only controls execution time but does not enable async processing.

Thus, the correct solution is to **

Correct Answer:

✅ First on Client side then on Server Side

Explanation:

ASP.NET validation controls first validate data on the client side using JavaScript for better user
experience and reduced server load. However, server-side validation is also necessary to prevent
bypassing client-side validation (e.g., through disabled JavaScript or direct HTTP requests).

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Validation Process:

1. Client-Side Validation (JavaScript)

Uses built-in ASP.NET validation controls like `RequiredFieldValidator`,

`RegularExpressionValidator`, etc.

Provides instant feedback without a page reload.

2. Server-Side Validation

Ensures security by rechecking the data in case client-side validation is bypassed.

Uses `Page.IsValid` to confirm all validations have passed before processing the request.

Thus, both client-side and server-side validation work together, with client-side happening first,
followed by server-side validation.

Correct Answer:

✅ Persistent Cookie
Explanation:

A persistent cookie is stored on the user's computer and remains available even after the browser is
closed. In the given code:

csharp

HttpCookie CookieObject = new HttpCookie("UserName", "David");

CookieObject.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(10); // Expires in 10 days
Response.Cookies.Add(CookieObject);

The `Expires` property is set to `DateTime.Now.AddDays(10)`, meaning the cookie will persist for 10
days.
If no expiration is set, the cookie becomes a session cookie, which is deleted when the browser is
closed.

Since an expiration date is explicitly defined, it is a Persistent Cookie.

Correct Answer:

✅ Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
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Explanation:

In ASP (Active Server Pages), the `FileSystemObject (FSO)` is used to interact with the file system
(create, read, write, and delete files/folders). The correct way to create it is:

asp

Set objFSO = Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

This method is used to create a COM object (`FileSystemObject`) that allows file handling operations on
the server-side.

Correct Answer:

✅ IQueryable<Product> (which is missing in the given options, but the closest correct choice is
`IEnumerable<Product>`)

Explanation:

The method `GetValidProducts()` returns `PopulateProducts().AsQueryable()`, meaning its return type is

`IQueryable<Product>`. However, since `IQueryable<T>` inherits from `IEnumerable<T>`, the best available
option in the question is `IEnumerable<Product>`.

`IEnumerable<Product>` → Supports iteration over the collection.

`List<Product>` → Would work but is not the best fit for `AsQueryable()`.
`Product` → Incorrect because the method returns multiple products.

`None` → Incorrect because the method returns a valid collection.

Since `IQueryable<Product>` is not listed as an option, select `IEnumerable<Product>`, as it is the closest

correct choice.

Correct Answer:

✅ `Response.Cache.SetNoStore();`

Explanation:

To prevent the browser from caching a page, use `Response.Cache.SetNoStore();`. This method ensures
that the page is not stored in the browser cache and must be fetched from the server every time.

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 `StoreNoCaching()` → Incorrect (no such method exists).

`SetNoStore();` → ✅ Correct (prevents caching in both browser and proxy servers).

`SetNoCaching();` → Incorrect (no such method exists).
`SetNoServerCaching();` → Incorrect (prevents caching on the server but not necessarily on the
browser).

Correct Answer:

✅ `<forms requireSSL="true">`

Explanation:

The issue mentioned is that users can access sessions of other users on different computers, which
suggests a session hijacking or security vulnerability related to cookie transmission.

Setting `<forms requireSSL="true">` ensures that authentication cookies are only transmitted over
HTTPS, preventing attackers from stealing session cookies through man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM)
or packet sniffing.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect?

`cookieless="UseCookies"` → Doesn't solve the security issue; it just forces the use of cookies
instead of URL-based session identifiers.

`requireSSL="false"` → This weakens security by allowing cookies to be sent over non-secure HTTP.

`cookieless="UseUri"` → Storing session tokens in the URL is insecure and can lead to session
fixation attacks.

Final Recommendation:

Use `requireSSL="true"` and also ensure your site is running over HTTPS for secure authentication.

Correct Answer:

✅ By setting the `webGarden` attribute of the `processModel` element in the server’s

`Machine.config` file

Explanation:

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The `webGarden` attribute in the `processModel` section of the Machine.config file is used to enable
multiple worker processes in an application pool, allowing ASP.NET to utilize multiple processors.

Example Configuration:

xml

<processModel webGarden="true" cpuMask="3" />

`webGarden="true"` → Enables multiple worker processes.

`cpuMask="3"` → Specifies which CPUs should be used (bitmask).

Why Other Options Are Incorrect?

Global.asax file → This file is used for application-level event handling, not process settings.
webFarm attribute → There is no `webFarm` attribute in the `processModel` element. Web farms
use load balancers, not `webGarden`.
Application’s web.config file → The `processModel` setting must be configured at the machine
level (`Machine.config`), not the application level.

Final Note:

Use `webGarden="true"` only if your application is designed for multi-worker processing, as it can cause
session state issues if not handled properly.

Correct Answer:

✅ XML Validator
Explanation:

ASP.NET provides several built-in validation controls, but XML Validator is NOT a valid ASP.NET
validation control.

Valid ASP.NET Validators:

1. RequiredFieldValidator → Ensures the user enters a value.

2. RegularExpressionValidator → Validates input using a regex pattern.
3. RangeValidator → Checks if the input falls within a specified range.

4. CompareValidator → Compares values of two inputs.

5. **

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Here are the answers to your questions:

Question 27 (Forms Authentication Security Issue)

Correct Answer:
✅ `<forms requireSSL="true">`

Explanation:
Setting `requireSSL="true"` ensures that authentication cookies are transmitted only over HTTPS,
preventing session hijacking.

Question 28 (Running ASP.NET on Multiple Processors)

Correct Answer:
✅ `By setting the webGarden attribute of the processModel element in the server's Machine.config
file`

Explanation:
The `webGarden` attribute enables ASP.NET to use multiple worker processes, allowing the application to
utilize multiple CPUs.

Question 29 (Invalid Validator Type)

Correct Answer:
✅ `XML validator`

Explanation:
ASP.NET provides `RequiredFieldValidator`, `RegularExpressionValidator`, and `RangeValidator`, but
there is no `XMLValidator`.

Question 30 (Page.Validate("GrpName"))

Correct Answer:
✅ `To run the validation only for the controls which are part of the validation group`

Explanation:
The `Validate("GrpName")` method validates only the controls assigned to the specified
`ValidationGroup`.

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