0.4932 0.

2749

0.4678 0.9370

0.2709 0.9099

0.0013 0.9390

0.1305 0.1041
OBJECTIVES
After going through this module, Subtasks
you are expected to: 1. understand the concept of the
normal curve distribution
1. illustrate a normal random
variable and its characteristics. 2. state and illustrate the properties of
M11/12SP- IIIc-1 a normal distribution
3. sketch the graph of a normal
distribution; and
2. identify regions under the
normal curve corresponding to the 4. recognize the importance of the
normal curve in statistical inference
different standard normal values.
M11/12SP-IIIc -3
The normal distribution, also known as
Gaussian distribution is the most important of
all distribution because it describes the situation in
which very large values are rather rare, very small
values are rather rare, but the middle values are
rather common. It is symmetric about the mean,
showing that data near the mean are more frequent
in occurrence than the data far from the mean. In
graph form normal distribution or simply normal
curve will appear as a bell curve.
There is no single
curve, but rather a
whole family of
normal curves that
have the same basic
characteristics but
have different mean
and standard
distribution.
Properties of Normal Probability Distribution

1. The normal distribution is a bell-shaped.

2. The mean, median and mode are equal and located at
the center of the distribution.
3. A normal distribution curve is unimodal.
4. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.
5. The total area under the normal curve is 1. Note: The area of a normal
distribution refers to the graphical
P μ − σ < � < μ + σ = 0.6826 or 68% representation of the percentage,
P μ − 2σ < � < μ + 2σ = 0.9544 or 95% proportion, or probability of a normal
distribution.
P μ − 3σ < � < μ + 3σ = 0.9974 or 99.7%
6. The distribution curve is asymptotic.
Illustrative Example 1: Ninety-five percent (95%) of students at
school are between 1.1m and 1.7m tall. Assuming this data is
normally distributed, can you calculate the mean and standard
deviation?
Solution:
The mean is halfway between 1.1m and 1.7m
Mean (�) = (1.1m + 1.7m)/2 = 1.4m
95% is 2 standard deviations (�) on either side
of the mean
Standard deviations (�) = (1.7m – 1.1m)/4
= 0.6m / 4
= 0.15m
 Understanding the Standard
Normal Curve
The standard normal curve is a
normal probability distribution that
is most commonly used as a model
for inferential statistics. It has a
mean � = 0 and a standard
deviation � = 1.
Table of Areas under the Normal Curve
The z-score is a measure of relative standing.
It is calculated by subtracting X (or µ) from
the measurement X and dividing the result by
s (or �). The final result, the z–score
represent the distance between a given
measurement X and the mean, expressed in
standard deviations. Either the z-score
locates X within a sample or within a
population.
Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas
Under the Normal Curve Given a z- Value
Step 1. Express the given z-value into a
three-digit form.
Step 2. Using the z-Table, find the first
two digits on the left column.
Step 3. Match the third digit with the
appropriate column on the right.
Step 4. Read the area (or probability) at the
intersection of the row and the
column. This is the required area.
Illustrative Example 2.a: Illustrative Example 2.b:
Find the area that corresponds to Find the area that corresponds to
z-value, z = 1. z-value, z = 1.36.
Illustrative Example 2.c:
Find the area that corresponds to
z-value, z = -2.58.
Illustrative Example 3 b. Find the area under the
a. Find the area under the standard standard normal curve which
normal curve which lies to the left of lies to the right of z = -0.65
z = 0.94

0.5000 + 0.2422 = 0.7422

0.5000 + 0.3264 = 0.8264

Illustrative Example 3 d. Find the area under the
c. Find the area under the standard standard normal curve which
normal curve which lies to the right lies to the left of z = -0.85
of z = 1.76

0.5000 – 0.3023 = 0.1977

0.5000 – 0.4608 = 0.0392

Illustrative Example 3 f. Find the area under the
e. Find the area under the standard normal curve which lies
standard normal curve which lies between z = - 0.34 and z = 0.62
between z = 0.87 and z = 1.28

0.1331 + 0.2324 = 0.3655

0.3997 – 0.3078 = 0.0919

 Learn about It!
Conversion of Normal Random
Variable to Standard Random Variable

Standard Normal Distribution

a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1, or
� 0,1
 Learn about It!
Standard Score or � Score
distance between a given value � and the mean

To convert a raw score to its corresponding � score, use

the formula:
�−�
�=
�

where � is the raw score, � is the population mean, and

� is the population standard deviation.
 Try It!

Example 1: In a population of Math scores, the mean is

� = 68 and the standard deviation is � = 5. Find the �
value that corresponds to a score � = 73.
 Try It!
Example 1: In a population of Math scores, the mean is
� = 68 and the standard deviation is � = 5. Find the �
value that corresponds to a score � = 73.

Solution:
1. � = 68, � = 5, and � = 73
�−�
2. �= 5
� �=
5
73−68
�= �=�
5
 Try It!
Example 2: What should be Aubrey’s score in an
aptitude test if she wanted her score to be at least one
standard deviation away from its corresponding
standard normal distribution with mean of 110 and
standard deviation of 1.2.
Solution:
1. Identify what is asked. 3. Identify the given values.
2. �−�
� = 110; � = 1.2; � = 1
�=
�
�� = � − �
�� + � = �
 Try It!
Example 2: What should be Aubrey’s score in an aptitude test if she wanted her
score to be at least one standard deviation away from its corresponding standard
normal distribution with mean of 110 and standard deviation of 1.2.

Solution:
4. Substitute the given values to the derived formula
and solve.

� = �� + �
� = 1 1.2 + 110
� = 1.2 + 110
� = ���. �
 Answers:

Enrichment Activity 1 a. 0.3315

Directions: Find the corresponding b. 0.4591
area between z = 0 and each of the c. 0.4854
following z-value.
d. 0.4964
a. z = 0.96 e. 0.4983
b. z = − 1.74
c. z = 2.18
d. z = − 2.69
e. z = 2.93
Enrichment Activity 2:
Directions: Fill the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase to make
Answers:
meaningful statements.
1. The curve of a probability distribution is formed by _____. 1. bell-shaped curve
2. The area under a normal curve is _____. 2. one
3. z-values
3. The important values that best describe a normal curve are _____.
4. six
4. There are _____ standard deviation units at the baseline of a normal 5. touch the horizontal
curve. axis
5. The curve of a normal distribution extends indefinitely at the tails 6. probability, proportion,
but does not _____. percentage
6. The area under a normal curve may also be expressed in terms of 7. equal
_____ or _____ or _____. 8. inferential statistics
7. The mean, median, and the mode of a normal curve are _____. 9. 34% or 34.13%
8. normal curve is used in _____. 10. zero
9. About _____ % of a score distribution is between z = 0 and z = 1.
10. The skewness of a normal curve is _____ because it is symmetrical.
0.4932 0.2749

0.4678 0.9370

0.2709 0.9099

0.0013 0.9390

0.1305 0.1041
0.4932 0.2749

0.4678 0.9370

0.2709 0.9099

0.0013 0.9390

0.1305 0.1041
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