The Globalization of Religion

Members:

Avecilla, Vanessa Joy C.

Balmeo, Clarence A.

Crisostomo, Aubrey Jane A.

GEC 8- The Contemporary World

Jhonna D. Alcantara, LPT

Instructor

MARCH 1, 2025
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
I. INTRODUCTION

“Globalization is not just an economic or political phenomenon; it is also a religious and

cultural one. Religions are among the most globalized institutions, shaping and being shaped by the

global context.” – Max Stackhouse

Religion has been a fundamental pillar of human civilization, shaping societies, ethical values,

and governance structures across centuries. However, as globalization intensifies, religious traditions

and institutions face new challenges and opportunities. Globalization has enabled the expansion of

religious movements, interfaith dialogue, and transnational religious networks while simultaneously

leading to cultural assimilation, secularization, and religious conflict.

This discussion paper explores the intricate relationship between religion and globalization,

addressing key concepts such as the ion on religious identity. It also examines how different religious

traditions navigate the tensions between tradition and modernity, the role of religion in global conflict

and peacebuilding, and the ethical considerations surrounding these issues. Through this analysis, the

paper argues that religion remains a crucial force in shaping globalization, influencing global ethics,

cultural identities, and international relations.

II. BACKGROUND/CONTEXT

Key Terms and Definitions

1. Religion – A structured system of beliefs, practices, and moral codes that provides spiritual

guidance and ethical frameworks for individuals and communities.

2. Globalization – The increasing interconnectedness of societies through economic, cultural,

technological, and political exchanges, leading to cross-border interactions and influences.

3. Religious Pluralism – A condition in which multiple religious traditions coexist within a

society, often fostering both dialogue and tension.

4. Secularization – The process by which religious influence declines in public life, often

replaced by scientific, rational, or humanist perspectives.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
5. Transnational Religion – Religious movements and organizations that operate beyond

national borders, shaping religious practices and identities on a global scale.

Overview of the Ethical Dilemma

The intersection of globalization and religion presents an ethical dilemma: while globalization

promotes religious diversity and interfaith cooperation, it also challenges religious traditions, leading to

cultural homogenization, religious extremism, and ideological conflicts. Religious communities must

decide whether to embrace globalization, resist its influence, or find a balance between adaptation and

preservation.

Perspectives on Key Stakeholders

1. Religious Institutions – Churches, mosques, temples, and other religious bodies play a

central role in interpreting doctrine, guiding followers, and responding to globalization’s

challenges.

2. Governments – States regulate religious practices through policies on religious freedom,

secularism, and national identity, often influencing how globalization affects faith traditions.

3. Individuals and Communities – Believers navigate the effects of globalization on personal

faith, cultural identity, and ethical decision-making.

4. Businesses and Media – Corporations and digital platforms shape religious discourse through

commercialization, online religious communities, and global religious marketing.

III. ARGUMENT/ ANALYSIS

The Impact of Globalization on Religion

The effects of globalization on religion are multifaceted. On one hand, globalization has

facilitated religious expansion, enabling faith traditions to reach new followers through digital media,

migration, and global missionary efforts. Social media platforms have allowed believers to share

religious teachings and connect with like-minded individuals worldwide, fostering religious solidarity.

However, globalization has also challenged religious identity. The exposure to diverse belief

systems has led to religious syncretism—the blending of different religious traditions—which some

view as a dilution of authentic faith. Additionally, the rise of secular ideologies in many developed

Group 6
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
nations has led to declining religious participation, raising concerns about the future of religious

influence in public life. The "secularization thesis" suggests that as societies modernize, religious

authority weakens, leading to moral and ethical debates about the role of faith in governance,

education, and culture.

Types of Religious Organizations and New Religious Movements

Religious organizations range from institutionalized world religions, such as Christianity,

Islam, and Hinduism, to emerging new religious movements that challenge traditional doctrines. While

some new religious movements integrate elements of globalization—such as adapting to digital

platforms or advocating for environmental and social justice—others resist globalization, seeking to

revive traditional beliefs and rituals. The tension between modernity and tradition shapes how religious

groups engage with global change.

Religion and Global Conflict

While religion has historically played a role in uniting communities, it has also been a source

of conflict. Globalization has amplified religious tensions by intensifying ideological divides, political

struggles, and territorial disputes. Examples include religious extremism, sectarian conflicts, and

geopolitical struggles rooted in religious identity. However, many religious leaders and organizations

also work toward conflict resolution, emphasizing peacebuilding, dialogue, and humanitarian efforts to

address global crises.

Transnational Religion and Christianity as a Globalizer

Christianity, one of the world’s most widespread religions, has played a significant role in

shaping globalization. Through missionary work, colonial expansion, and transnational religious

networks, Christianity has influenced cultures, governance, and ethical frameworks across the world.

Other major religions, such as Islam and Buddhism, have similarly adapted to globalization, expanding

their influence through migration, education, and digital outreach. However, this expansion has sparked

debates about cultural imperialism, religious authenticity, and the ethics of proselytization.

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
IV. ETHICAL ANALYSIS

Utilitarianism and the Role of Religion in Globalization

From a utilitarian perspective, religion’s role in globalization should be evaluated based on its

overall impact on human well-being. If globalization enables religious tolerance, promotes peace, and

provides social support, then it is ethically justified. However, if it leads to religious extremism,

discrimination, or cultural oppression, then its effects must be critically reassessed.

Deontological Ethics and Religious Identity

A deontological approach, which focuses on moral duties and principles, would argue that

religious traditions have a moral obligation to preserve their core values despite external influences.

However, rigid adherence to tradition can sometimes lead to exclusionary or intolerant practices,

raising ethical concerns about cultural rigidity versus moral universality.

Virtue Ethics and Global Religious Leadership

Virtue ethics emphasizes the character of religious leaders and their role in guiding

communities through globalization. Ethical leaders who encourage interfaith dialogue, social justice,

and inclusivity contribute positively to global society. However, religious figures who exploit

globalization for personal or political gain undermine ethical principles and contribute to division

rather than unity.

V. CONCLUSION

The relationship between religion and globalization is deeply complex, encompassing both

opportunities for growth and challenges to tradition. While globalization has facilitated the expansion

of religious movements, enabled interfaith dialogue, and created platforms for religious expression, it

has also contributed to secularization, ideological conflicts, and cultural tensions. The ethical analysis

of these issues suggests that religion can be a force for peace and unity if guided by ethical leadership

and a commitment to dialogue.

As the world continues to globalize, it is crucial for religious institutions, policymakers, and

individuals to navigate these challenges with a commitment to inclusivity, tolerance, and ethical

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
reflection. Religion has the potential to bridge cultural divides, promote social justice, and contribute to

global peace—if its role in globalization is guided by ethical principles rather than division.

Moving forward, societies must recognize the importance of balancing tradition with

adaptation, ensuring that globalization serves as a tool for religious coexistence rather than conflict.

Now is the time to foster a global community where religious and secular perspectives work together to

create a more just and harmonious world.

VI. REFERENCES

[1] Pew Research Center. (2012, December 18). The global religious landscape.

https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/

[2] Pew Research Center. (2022, December 21). Key findings from the Global Religious Futures

project. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2022/12/21/key-findings-from-the-global-religious-

futures-project/

[3] Stackhouse, M. L., & Paris, P. J. (Eds.). (2000). God and globalization: Religion and the powers of

the common life (Vol. 1). Trinity Press International. https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/god-and-

globalization-volume-1-9780567462466/

[4] Stackhouse, M. L. (2007). God and globalization: Globalization and grace (Vol. 4). Continuum.

https://www.amazon.com/God-Globalization-Grace-Theology-Century/dp/0567114821

[5] Statista. (2025). World religions - Statistics & facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/10326/world-

religions/

[6] Wikipedia contributors. (2024, March 15). Max Stackhouse. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stackhouse

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