Namma Kalvi

X- MATHS IMPORTANT CONCEPTS WE CAN EVERYTHING

SELF EVALUVATION BUT WANT TO WORK HARD
1. RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS A.Balaiah
1.CARTESIAN PRODUCT 9750493961
 If A and B are two non-empty sets, then the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that a ∈ A, b ∈ B is called
the Cartesian Product of A and B, and is denoted by A × B. Thus, A × B = {(a, b) | a ∈ A, b ∈ B}.
 A × B is the set of all possible ordered pairs between the elements of A and B such that the first
coordinate is an element of A and the second coordinate is an element of B.
 B × A is the set of all possible ordered pairs between the elements of A and B such that the first
coordinate is an element of B and the second coordinate is an element of A.
 If a = b then (a, b) = (b, a).
 The “cartesian product” is also referred as “cross product”.
 In general A × B ≠ B × A, but n(A × B) = n(B × A).
 A × B = φ if and only if A = φ or B = φ.
 If n(A) = p and n(B) = q then n(A × B) = pq.
 For any three sets A, B, C we have
 A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C) (ii) A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C).
2.RELATION
 Let A and B be any two non-empty sets. A ‘relation’ R from A to B is a subset of A × B satisfying some
specified conditions. If x ∈ A is related to y ∈ B through R, then we write it as xRy.
 xRy if and only if (x, y) ∈ R.
 A relation may be represented algebraically either by the roster method or by the set builder method.
 An arrow diagram is a visual representation of a relation.
 A relation which contains no element is called a “Null relation”.
 If n(A) = p, n(B) = q, then the total number of relations that exist between A and B is 2pq.
 The total number of non empty relations that exist between A and B is 2 pq-1.
3.FUNCTION
 A relation f between two non-empty sets X and Y is called a function from X to Y if, for each x ∈ X there
exists only one y ∈ Y such that (x, y) ∈ f. That is, f = {(x, y) | for all x ∈ X,y ∈ Y}.
 If f : X → Y is a funcƟon then the set X is called the domain of the funcƟon f and the set Y is
called its co-domain.
 If f (a) = b, then b is called ‘image’ of a under f and a is called a ‘pre-image’ of b.
 The set of all images of the elements of X under f is called the ‘range’ of f.
 f : X → Y is a funcƟon only if every element in the domain of f has an image. The image is unique.
 If A and B are finite sets such that n(A) = p, n(B) = q then the total number of functions that
exist between A and B is qp.
 The range of a function is a subset of its co-domain.
 A function may be represented by
a set of ordered pairs (b) a table form (c) an arrow diagram (d) a graphical form
 Every function can be represented by a curve in a graph. But not every curve drawn in a graph will
represent a function.
 A curve drawn in a graph represents a function, if every vertical line intersects the curve in at most one
point.
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 Any equation represented in a graph is usually called a ‘curve’.

 A function f : A → B is called one - one function if distinct elements of A have distinct images in B.
 If for all a1, a2 A, f(a1) = f (a2) implies a1 = a2, then f is called one-one function or injection.
 A function f : A → B is called many-one function if two or more elements of A have same image in B.
 A function f : A → B is called many-one if f it is not one-one.
 A function f : A → B is said to be onto function if the range of f is equal to the co-domain
of f. That is a every element in the co-domain B has a pre-image in the domain A. An onto function is also
called a surjection.
 If f : A → B is an onto funcƟon then, the range of f = B. That is f (A) = B.
 A function f : A → B is called an into function if there exists atleast one element in B which is not the
image of any element of A.
 The range of f is a proper subset of the co-domain of f.
 A function f : A → B is called ‘into’ if it is not ‘onto’.
 If a function f : A → B is both one-one and onto, then f is called a bijection from A to B.
 A function represented in a graph is one-one, if every horizontal line intersects the curve in atmost one
point.
 A function f : A → B is called a constant function if the range of f contains only one element.
That is f (x) = c, for all x ∈ A and for some fixed c ∈ B.
 Let A be a non-empty set. Then the function f : A → A defined by f (x) = x for all x ∈ A is called an identity
function on A .Every Identity function is a one – one function.
 A function f : A → B is called a real valued function if the range of f is a subset of the set of
all real numbers R. That is, f (A) ⊆ R.
ଽ
 Celsius to Fahrenheit : F= C + 32
ହ
4.COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
 Let f : A → B and g : B → C be two funcƟons. Then the composition of f and g denoted by g o f is defined
as the function g o f (x) = g (f (x)) for all x ∈ A.
 Generally, f o g ≠ g o f for any two functions f and g. So, composition of functions is not commutative.
 Composition of three fuctions is always associative. That is f o (g o h) = (f o g) o h.
 A function f : R → R defined f (x) = ܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾ, a ≠ 0 is called a linear function. Geometrically this represents a
striaght line in the graph.
‫ ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬൒ 0

 f : R → [0, ∞) defined f (x) =| x |=ቄ is called a modulus (or) Absolute value function.
െ‫ ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬൏ 0
 Modulus function is not a linear function but it is composed of two linear functions x and – x.
 A function f : R → R defined by f (x) = ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ܾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ, (a ≠ 0) is called a quadratic function.
 A function f : R → R defined by f (x) = ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ܾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ܿ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݀ (a ≠ 0) is called a cubic function.
ଵ
 A function f : R → {0} → R defined by f (x) = is called a reciprocal function.
௫
 A function f : R → R defined by f (x) = c, for all x ∈ R is called a constant function.
2. NUMBERS AND SEQUENCES

“Prince of mathematicians” - Carl Friedrich Gauss

1.EUCLID'S DIVISION LEMMA AND ALGORITHM
 Let a and b (a > b) be any two positive integers. Then, there exist unqiue integers q and r such that
a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b. (Euclid's Division Lemma)

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 The remainder is always less than the divisor.
 If r = 0 then a = bq so b divides a. Similarly, if b divides a then a = bq.
 If aand b are any two integers then there exist unique integers q and rsuch that a = bq + r,
where 0 ≤ r < | b |.
 If a and b are positive integers such that a = bq + r, then every common divisor of a and b is
a common divisor of b and r and vice-versa. (Euclid's Division Algorithm)
 If a, b are two positive integers with a > b then G.C.D of (a, b) = GCD of (a – b, b).
 Two positive integers are said to be relatively prime or co prime if their. Highest Common Factor is 1.
2.FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC
 Every natural number except 1 can be factorized as a product of primes and this factorization
is unique except for the order in which the prime factors are written.
 If a prime number p divides ab then either p divides a or p divides b. That is p divides at least
one of them.
 If a composite number n divides ab, then n neither divide a nor b. For example, 6 divides
4 × 3 but 6 neither divide 4 nor 3.
3.MODULAR ARITHMETIC
 Two integers a and b are congruence modulo n if they differ by an integer multiple of n. That b – a = kn for
some integer k. This can also be written as a ≡ b (mod n). Here the number n is called modulus. In other
words, a ≡ b (mod n) means a – b is divisible by n.
 The equation n = mq + r through Euclid's Division lemma can also be written as n ≡ r(mod m).
 Two integers a and b are congruent modulo m, written as a ≡ b (mod m), if they leave the same remainder
when divided by m.
 a, b, c and d are integers and m is a positive integer such that if a ≡ b (mod m) and c ≡ d(mod m) then
i) (a + c) ≡ (b + d) (mod m) (ii) (a – c) ≡ (b –d) (mod m) (iii) (a × c) ≡ (b × d) (mod m)
 If a ≡ b (mod m) then i) ac ≡ bc (mod m) (ii) a ± c ≡ b ± c (mod m) for any integer c
4.SEQUENCES
 A real valued sequence is a function defined on the set of natural numbers and taking real values.
 A sequence can be considered as a function defined on the set of natural numbers.
 Though all the sequences are functions, not all the functions are sequences.
5.ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
 An Arithmetic Progression is a sequence whose successive terms differ by a constant number.
 The common difference of an A.P. can be positive, negative or zero.
 An Arithmetic progression having a common difference of zero is called a constnat arithmetic progression.

 If every term is added or subtracted by a constant, then the resulting sequence is also an A.P.
 In every term is multiplied or divided by a non-zero number, then the resulting sequence is also an A.P.
 Three non-zero numbers a, b, c are in A.P. if and only if 2b = a + c or b-a=c-b
6.GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
 A Geometric Progression is a sequence in which each term is obtained by multilplying a fixed
 non-zero number to the preceding term except the first term. The fixed number is called common ratio.
The common ratio is usually denoted by r.
 When each term of a Geometric Progression is multiplied or divided by a non-zero constant then the
resulting sequence is also a Geometric Progression.
௕ ௖
 Three non-zero numbers a, b, c are in G.P. if and only if b2 = ac or ൅
௔ ௕

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A.P G.P

GENERAL FORM
GENERAL TERM

THREE CONSECTIVE TERMS

NUMBER OF TERMS

i
I

SUM OF TERMS ii ii

iii

Fibonacci Sequence ________________

In a G.P Sum of infinite series =

Compound Interest ( increase ) =

Compound Interest ( decrease ) =

Special series

1. The sum of the first n natural numbers (triangular numbers) =

2. The sum of the first n odd natural numbers =

3. The sum of first n odd natural numbers (when the last term l is given) =

4. The sum of the squares of first n natural numbers =

5. The sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers =

6. Sum of the angles in polygon =

3. ALGEBRA

“Father of Algebra”- Al-Khwarizmi

 Any first degree equation containing two variables x and y is called a linear equation in two
variables. The general form of linear equation in two variables x and y is ax + by + c = 0, where
atleast one of a, b is non-zero and a, b, c are real numbers.
 Linear Equation in two variables Any first degree equation containing two variables x and y is called a
linear equation in two variables. The general form of linear equation in two variables x and y is
ax+by+c = 0, where atleast one of a, b is non-zero and a, b, c are real numbers. Note that linear equations
are first degree equations in the given variables.
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 The general form of a linear equation in three variables x, y and z is ax +by +cz +d = 0 where
a, b, c, d are real numbers, and atleast one of a, b, c is non-zero.
 A linear equation in two variables of the form ax +by +c = 0 , represents a straight line.
 A linear equation in three variables of the form ax + by +cz +d = 0 , represents a plane.
 If you obtain a false equation such as 0=1, in any of the steps then the system has no solution.
 If you do not obtain a false solution, but obtain an identity, such as 0=0 then the system has infinitely
many solutions.
௣ሺ௑ሻ
 An expression is called a rational expression if it can be written in the form where p(x) and q(x) are
௤ሺ௫ሻ
polynomials and q(x) ≠ 0.
 A rational expression is the ratio of two polynomials.
௣ሺ௑ሻ
 A rational expression is said to be in its lowest form if GCD (p(x), q(x)) = 1.
௤ሺ௫ሻ
 A value that makes a rational expression (in its lowest form) undefined is called an excluded value(q(x) = 0).
 Let p(x) be a polynomial. x = a is called zero of p(x) if p(a) = 0.

(a+b)2 = α-β =

(a-b)2 = α2+β2=

α2-β2=
(a+b)3 =
(a-b)3 = α3+β3=

a3+b3 = α3-β3=

a3-b3 = α4-β4=

a2-b2 = α4+β4=

(a+b+c)2 = a4+a2+1

X4+x2+1 = X4+4x2+16 =

Three digit number = Fraction = Distance =

sum of zeros ( α + β ) = product of zeros ( α β ) =

Quadratic polynomials with zeros α and β. _________________________
Relation between LCM and GCD : ___________________________
Solution of quadratic equation by formula method = ___________________________

Nature of roots Δ=
Δ>0
Δ=0
Δ<0
Formation of quadratic equation when roots are given : _________________________

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MATRICES
 A matrix is a rectangular array of elements. The horizontal arrangements are called rows and vertical
arrangements are called columns.
 Row matrix (row vector) : A matrices has only one row.
 Column matrix (column vector):A matrices has only one column.
 Square matrix : A matrix in which the number of rows and the number of columns are equal
A = [aij]m x n will be a square matrix if m =n
 Diagonal matrix : A square matrix in which all the elements above and below the leading diagonal are
equal to zero A = [aij] , aij=0 where i ≠ j.
 Scalar matrix : A diagonal matrix in which all the elements along the leading diagonal are equal to a non-
૙ , ࢝ࢎࢋ࢘ࢋ ࢏ ് ࢐
zero constant A = [aij] , aij = ቄ
,k≠0
࢑ , ࢝ࢎࢋ࢘ࢋ ࢏ ൌ ࢐
 Unit matrix or Identity matrix (In) : I2 = I3 =
૙ , ࢝ࢎࢋ࢘ࢋ ࢏ ് ࢐
A diagonal matrix in which all the leading diagonal entries are 1. A = [aij] , aij = ቄ

૚ , ࢝ࢎࢋ࢘ࢋ ࢏ ൌ ࢐
 Null matrix or Zero-matrix (0n): A matrices has each of its elements is zero.
 Transpose of a matrix : A matrices has interchanging rows and columns of the matrix
 Negative of a matrix :The negative of a matrix A is - A
 Equality of matrices :Two matrices are same order and each element of A is equal to the corresponding
element of B
 Two matrices of the same order, then the addition of A and B is possible
 If A is a matrix of order m x n and B is a matrix of order n x p, then the product matrix AB is m x p.
 A square matrix in which all the entries above the leading diagonal are zero is called a lower
triangular matrix. A = [aij] , aij=0 where i < j
 If all the entries below the leading diagonal are zero, then it is called an upper triangular
matrix. A = [aij] , aij=0 where i > j
 The null matrix or zero matrix is the identity for matrix addition.
 If A be any given matrix then –A is the additive inverse of A.
 Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general. A + B = B + A
 Matrix multiplication is distributive over matrix addition. A(B+C)=AB+AC
 Matrix multiplication is always associative. A(BC)=(AB)C
 If A is a square matrix of order n´n and I is the unit matrix of same order then AI = IA = A.
 AB = 0 does not necessarily imply that A = 0 or B = 0 or both A,B = 0
i) (AB)T = BTAT i) (A+B)2 ് A2 + 2AB + B2 if AB = BA ,Its equal.
4.GEOMETRY
 Similar triangles
corresponding angles are equal (or) corresponding sides have lengths in the same ratio
 AA( Angle-Angle ) similarity criterion
If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another triangle, then the two triangles
are similar.

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 SSS (Side-Side-Side)
Side) similarity criterion for Two Triangles
In two triangles, if the sides of one triangle
riangle are proportional (in the same ratio) to the sides of the other
triangle, then their corresponding angles are equal
 SAS (Side-Angle-Side)
Side) similarity criterion for Two Triangles
and if the corresponding sides including
If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and
these angles are proportional, then the two triangles are similar.
 A perpendicular line drawn from the vertex of a right angled triangle divides the triangle into
ori
two triangles similar to each other and also to original triangle.
∆ADB ~ ∆BDC, ∆ABC ~ ∆ADB, ∆ABC ~ ∆BDC
BDC
஺஻ ஻஼ ஼஺ ஺஽ ஻ா ஼ி
 ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR then ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
௉ொ ொோ ோ௉ ௉ௌ ொ் ோ௎

 If two triangles are similar, then the ratio of the corresponding

sides are equal to the ratio of
the corresponding perimeters.
஺஻ ஻஼ ஼஺ ஺஻
஺஻ା஻஼ା஼஺
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF then ൌ ൌ ൌ
஽ா ாி ி஽ ஽ா
஽ாାாிାி஽

 The ratio of the area of two similar triangles are equal to the ratio of the squares of their corresponding
sides.
௔௥௘௔ ሺ஺஻஼ሻ ஺஻మ ஻஼ మ ஺஼ మ
ൌ ൌ ൌ
௔௥௘௔ ሺ௉ொோሻ ௉ொ మ ொோమ ௉ோమ

 Basic Proportionality theorem or Thales Theorem

If a straight line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the
other two sides, then it divides the two sides in the same ratio.
ratio
‫ܧܣ ܦܣ‬ ‫ܥܣ ܤܣ ܧܣ ܦܣ‬
ൌ , ൌ , ൌ
‫ܥܧ ܤܦ‬ ‫ܥܧ ܤܦ ܥܣ ܤܣ‬
 Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem ( Converse of Thales Theorem)
ratio, then the line must be parallel to the
If a straight line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio,
third side.
 Angle Bisector Theorem
The internal (external) bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side internally (externally) in the
ratio of the corresponding sides containing the angle.
 Converse of Angle Bisector Theorem
If a straight line through one vertex of a triangle divides the
opposite side internally (externally) in the ratio of the other
two sides, then the line bisects the angle internally (externally) at the vertex.
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 Pythagoras theorem (Baudhayan theorem)

In a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two
sides.
Triplets : 2mn , m2-n2 , m2+n2
 Converse of Pythagorous theorem
In a triangle, if the square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other
other two sides, then the
angle opposite to the first side is a right angle.
Circles and Tangents
 If a line touches the given circle at only one point, then it is called tangent to the circle.
 A tangent at any point on a circle and the radius through the point are perpendicular to each other.
 No tangent can be drawn from an interior point of the circle.
 Only one tangent can be drawn at any point on a circle.
 Two tangents can be drawn from any exterior point of a circle.
t a circle are equal,
 The lengths of the two tangents drawn from an exterior point to
 If two circles touch externally the distance between their centers is equal to the sum of their radii.
 If two circles touch internally, the distance between their centers is equal to the difference of their radii.
Tangent-Chord
Chord theorem or Alternate segment theorem
If from the point of contact of tangent (of a circle), a chord is drawn, then the angles which the chord makes
with the tangent line are equal respectively
respect to the angles formed by the chord in the corresponding
alternate segments.
 Converse of Theorem
If in a circle, through one end of a chord, a straight line is drawn making an angle equal to the angle in the
alternate segment, then the straight line is a tangent to the circle.
CEVIAN
 A cevian is a line segment that extends from one vertex of a triangle to the opposite side.
 A median is a cevian that divides the opposite side into two congruent(equal) lengths.
 An altitude is a cevian that is perpendicular to the opposite side.
 An angle bisector is a cevian that bisects the corresponding angle.
angle
 Ceva’s Theorem : Let ABC be a triangle and let D,E,F be points on lines

BC, CA, AB respectively. Then the cevians AD, BE, CF are concurrent
஻஽ ஼ா ஺ி
if and only if ൈ ൈ ൌ1
஽஼ ா஺ ி஺
Menelaus Theorem : A necessary and sufficient condition for
points P, Q, R on the respective sides BC, CA, AB (or their extension)
of a triangle ABC to be collinear is that
஻௉ ஼ொ ஺ோ
஻஼
ൈ ொ஺ ൈ ோ஻ ൌ െ1 where all segments in the formula are directed segments.

5. COORDINATE GEOMETRY
“The Great Geometer” - Apollonius
 The vertices A(x1, y1 ), B (x2, y2 ) and C (x
( 3, y3) of ∆ABC
ABC are said to be “taken in order” if A, B, C are taken in
counter-clock wise direction.
 The inclination of a line or the angle of inclination of a line is the angle which a straight line makes with
the positive direction counter clockwise direction to the part of the line above
ction of X axis measured in the counter-clockwise
the X axis.
 The inclination of X axis and every line parallel to X axis is 0° .
 The inclination of Y axis and every line parallel to Y axis is 90°.
 If ߠ is the angle non
gle of inclination of a non-vertical straight line, then tan ߠ is called the slope or gradient of
the line and is denoted by m.
 The slope of the straight line is m = tan ߠ , ߠ ≤ 180° , ߠ ≠ 90°.
 If ߠ = 0o, the line is parallel to the positive direction
direct of X axis.
 If 0 < ߠ < 90 , the line has positive slope.
o

 If 90o < ߠ < 180o, the line has negative slope.

 If ߠ = 180o, the line is parallel to the negative direction of X axis.
 If ߠ = 90o, the slope is undefined.
 Non vertical lines are parallel if and d only if their slopes are equal.
 Two non-vertical lines with slopes m and m2 are perpendicular if and only if m1m2 = −1 .
 Distance between Two points : _________________________

 The line segment joining the two points internally :___________________________

______

 The line segment joining the two points externally:

externally: ___________________________

 The midpoint of the line segment : _______________________________

 The centroid of the triangle : ___________________________________

 Area of a triangle :

 Area of the quadrilateral :

 Slope i _________________ ii __________________ iii _______________________

 y-intercept c _________________
௔భ ௕భ
 Two lines are parallel if and only if ൌ or a1b2 - a2b1 = 0
௔మ ௕మ

 Two lines are perpendicular if and only if a1a2 + b1b2 = 0

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Equation of straight lines

1. x-axis

2. y-axis
3. Parallel to x-axis
4. Parallel to y-axis
5. Parallel to ax+by+c =0

6. Perpendicular to ax+by+c =0
7. Passing through the origin
8. Slope m, y-intercept cc
9. Slope m, a point (x1 , y1)
10. Passing through two points
11. x-intercept a , y-intercept b
6. Trigonometry

“The Father of Trigonometry” - Hipparchus of Rhodes

sin θ = cos θ = Sin(900- θ) = cos(900- θ) =

tan θ =
cosecθ = sec θ= cosec(900- θ) = sec(900- θ) =
cot θ =
tan θ = cot θ = tan (900- θ) = cot (900- θ) =
IDENTITIES

TABLE :

Angle 00 300 450 600 900

sin θ

cos θ

tanθ

Cosec θ

sec θ

cotθ

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 7. MENSURATION

SHAPE C.S.A(LSA) T.S.A(SA) VOLUME(Capacity)

Solid right circular

cylinder
Right circular
hollow cylinder

Solid right circular cone

Frustum

Sphere

Hollow sphere

Solid Hemisphere

Hollow Hemisphere

Cube

Cuboid

area Perimeter 1m3 = _______ litres

Circle 1litre=_______cm3
1m = ________ cm
1km =_________m
Square Shortcut :

Rectangle

Triangle

Parallelogram, Rhombus

Trapezium

Cone l = h= r=
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CSA of a cone (______________) = Area of the sector (______________________)

Length of the sector (___________) = Base circumference of the cone(____________)

Volume of water flows out through a pipe = _____________________

8. STATISTICS

“Father of Indian Statistics” - Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis

 Measures of Central Tendency

• Arithmetic Mean • Median • Mode
 Different Measures of Dispersion are
Range ,Mean, deviation, Quartile deviation , Standard deviation , Variance, Coefficient of Variation
 The mean of the squares of the deviations from the mean is called Variance.
 The positive square root of Variance is called Standard deviation.
 The value of SD will not be changed if we add (or) subtract some fixed constant to all the values.
 When we multiply each value of a data by a constant, the value of SD is also multiplied by the same
constant.
 If the C.V value is less, then the observations of corresponding data are consistent.
 If the C.V value is more, then the observations of corresponding data are inconsistent.
 Standard deviation of the first n natural numbers, (ߪ) =
 Standard Deviation of any consective odd integer or even integer (ߪ) =
 Variance is the square of standard deviation.
 Standard deviation of a collection of data remains unchanged when each value is added or Subtracted by
a constant.
 Standard deviation of a collection of data gets multiplied or divided by the quantity k, if each item is
multiplied or divided by k.
 Coefficient of variation =
1. Range =
2. Co-efficient of range =
3. Standard Deviation (ߪ)

Step deviation
Direct method Assumed Mean Actual Mean
method

Ungroup
data

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 Group data

PROBABILITY
 A random experiment is an experiment in which

i) The set of all possible outcomes are known (ii)Exact outcome is not known.

 The set of all possible outcomes in a random experiment is called a sample space. It is generally denoted
by S.
 Each element of a sample space is called a sample point.
 In a random experiment, each possible outcome is called an event.
 An event will be a subset of the sample space.
 If an event E consists of only one outcome then it is called an elementary event.
1. Tossing an unbiased coin twice S =
 No of cards -
2. Tossing an unbiased coin thrice S =
 Black card -
3. Rolling an unbiased die once S=
 Red card -
4. Rolling an unbiased die twice S =
 Red king -
5. The probability of an event A lies between ____________
 Black Queen -
6. The probability of the sure event P(S) = _________
 Red diamond -
7. The probability of an impossible event p(ø) = _______
 Red spade -
8. The probability that the event A will not occur p(‫________ = )̅ܣ‬
 Face cards -=
9. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, Then P(A∩B) = _________

10. P(AUB) =

11. P(AUBUC) = WE CAN EVERYTHING

12. Only one = BUT WANT TO WORK HARD
13. Prime numbers = A.Balaiah
p(‫= ) ܤ ∩ ̅ܣ‬
Tirunelveli
14.
9750493961
15. p(‫ܤ ∩ ܣ‬ത ) =

16. p(‫ܤ ∩ ܣ‬ത ) + p(‫= ) ܤ ∩ ̅ܣ‬

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