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Cambridge International AS & A Level

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COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/13

Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals May/June 2024

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
● Calculators must not be used in this paper.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 16 pages.

DC (KS/SG) 329374/2
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2
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1 (a) Complete the following description.

A kibibyte has a ................................................ prefix. Three kibibytes is the same

as ................................................ bytes.

A megabyte has a ................................................ prefix. Two terabytes is the same

as ................................................ gigabytes.
[4]

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(b) Convert the denary number 241 to hexadecimal.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State what is meant by an overflow in binary addition.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(d) Computers use character sets when representing characters in binary.

(i) Complete the table by identifying the number of bits each of the character sets allocates
to each character.

Character set Number of bits

ASCII

extended ASCII

Unicode

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[1]

(ii) Explain how the word ‘Clock’ is represented by a character set.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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3
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2 A photograph is stored as a bitmap image.

(a) The photograph has a resolution of 4000 pixels wide by 3000 pixels high. The bit depth is
4 bytes.

Calculate an estimate for the file size of the photograph in megabytes.

Show your working.

Working .....................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Answer ...................................... megabytes

[2]

(b) The photograph is compressed before being uploaded to a web server.

(i) Give three benefits of this photograph being compressed using lossy compression
instead of lossless compression.
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1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

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3 ........................................................................................................................................

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[3]
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(ii) Explain how run-length encoding (RLE) will compress the photograph.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Identify two elements of a bitmap image that can be changed to reduce its file size.

1 ................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
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4
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3 The following table shows part of the instruction set for a processor. The processor has two
registers: the Accumulator (ACC) and an Index Register (IX).

Instruction
Explanation
Opcode Operand
LDM #n Immediate addressing. Load the number n to ACC

Direct addressing. Load the contents of the location at the given

LDD <address>
address to ACC

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Indirect addressing. The address to be used is at the given address.
LDI <address>
Load the contents of this second address to ACC
Indexed addressing. Form the address from <address> + the contents
LDX <address> of the index register. Copy the contents of this calculated address to
ACC
LDR #n Immediate addressing. Load the number n to IX

ADD #n/Bn/&n Add the number n to the ACC

ADD <address> Add the contents of the given address to the ACC

DEC <register> Subtract 1 from the contents of the register (ACC or IX)

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SUB #n/Bn/&n Subtract the number n from the ACC

SUB <address> Subtract the contents of the given address from the ACC

INC <register> Add 1 to the contents of the register (ACC or IX)

<address> can be an absolute or a symbolic address

# denotes a denary number, e.g. #123
B denotes a binary number, e.g. B01001010
& denotes a hexadecimal number, e.g. &4A

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5
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(a) The current contents of memory are shown:

Address Data

48 51
49 6
50 48
51 50
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52 49
53 50
54 6

The current contents of the ACC and IX are shown:

ACC 2
IX 50

Complete the table by writing the content of the ACC after each program has run.
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Program number Code ACC content

LDM #50
1 INC ACC
SUB #1

LDI 51
2
ADD 52

LDR #2
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LDX 50
3
DEC ACC

LDD 52
4 SUB 54
INC ACC

[4]
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6
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(b) The processor includes these bit manipulation instructions:

Instruction
Explanation
Opcode Operand
AND #n/Bn/&n Bitwise AND operation of the contents of ACC with the operand
Bitwise AND operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of
AND <address>
<address>
XOR #n/Bn/&n Bitwise XOR operation of the contents of ACC with the operand

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Bitwise XOR operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of
XOR <address>
<address>
OR #n/Bn/&n Bitwise OR operation of the contents of ACC with the operand
Bitwise OR operation of the contents of ACC with the contents of
OR <address>
<address>
Bits in ACC are shifted logically n places to the left. Zeros are
LSL #n
introduced on the right-hand end
Bits in ACC are shifted logically n places to the right. Zeros are
LSR #n
introduced on the left-hand end

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<address> can be an absolute or a symbolic address
# denotes a denary number, e.g. #123
B denotes a binary number, e.g. B01001010
& denotes a hexadecimal number, e.g. &4A

The current contents of memory are shown:

Address Data
100 00001101
101 10111110

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102 11110011
103 00110111
104 00000000

The current content of the ACC is shown:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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7
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Complete the table by writing the content of the ACC after each instruction has run.

The binary number 11111111 is reloaded into the ACC before each instruction is run.

Instruction number Instruction ACC content

1 LSL #2

2 XOR 100
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3 AND 103

[3]
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8
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4 A theatre wants to use a database to store data about the shows that are scheduled, their
customers and the seats that the customers have booked.

In the theatre:

• Each show can take place on multiple dates.

• Some dates can have more than one performance.
• There are multiple rows of seats.
• Each seat can be individually booked by its row letter and seat number, for example row E
seat 2.

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Part of the database design includes these tables:
SHOW(ShowID, Title, Duration)
SEAT(SeatID, RowLetter, SeatNumber)
PERFORMANCE(PerformanceID, ShowID, ShowDate, StartTime)

(a) Identify the relationship between the tables PERFORMANCE and SHOW.

...................................................................................................................................................

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(b) Sample data for the table PERFORMANCE is shown:

PerformanceID ShowID ShowDate StartTime

0001 MK12 5/5/2025 13:00

0002 MK12 5/5/2025 19:30
0003 MK12 6/5/2025 19:00
0004 OP3 7/5/2025 18:30
0005 OP3 8/5/2025 18:30
0006 OP3 9/5/2025 13:00

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Write a Structured Query Language (SQL) script to define the table PERFORMANCE.

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...................................................................................................................................................

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9
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(c) Write an SQL script to return the number of times each show is scheduled. For example, in
the sample data in part (b), the show MK12 is scheduled three times.

The result needs to include the show name and a suitable field name for the number of times
it is scheduled.

...................................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

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(d) Customers give their first name, last name and email address when they are making a
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booking. One booking can include multiple seats.

Describe the additional tables that will need to be included in the database and explain how
these tables will be linked within the database.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

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10
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5 A multimedia design company has an office with a LAN (local area network). The LAN can have
up to 20 devices connected with cables and other devices connected using wireless access.

(a) The company has private cloud storage for its employees to store their work.

(i) Define the term private cloud.

...........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Describe the benefits to the company of using private cloud storage instead of public
cloud storage.

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Part of the internal structure of the wired LAN is a star topology.

Explain how packets are transmitted between two devices in a star topology.

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............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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11
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(c) A different part of the network uses the Ethernet protocol.

(i) A collision is detected.

Describe how the collision is managed using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection (CSMA/CD).

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Identify two drawbacks of using CSMA/CD.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) The devices in the office have static private IP addresses.

State what is meant by a static private IP address.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
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12
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6 Each of the following truth tables has three inputs (A, B and C) and one output (X).

Draw one line to match each truth table with its logic expression.

Truth table Logic expression

A B C X
0 0 0 0 NOT (A XOR B) AND C
0 0 1 1

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0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
(A OR C) AND NOT B
1 1 1 0

A B C X
0 0 0 0

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0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 A NAND B NAND C
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

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A B C X
(A NAND B) OR C
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
NOT (A AND B AND C)
1 1 0 0
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1 1 1 1
[3]

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13
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7 Robots are used to serve food and drink to customers at a restaurant.

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(a) A robot navigates through the restaurant to the table it is serving.

Complete the table by identifying two sensors that can be included in the robot and the
purpose of each sensor in the navigation system.
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Sensor Purpose of sensor in navigation system

.............................................. ..........................................................................................

.............................................. ..........................................................................................

.............................................. ..........................................................................................

.............................................. ..........................................................................................
[2]
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(b) The robot uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to communicate with the customers. The customers
speak to the robot to order their food and drinks.

Explain how AI will be used in this part of the robot.

...................................................................................................................................................

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14
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(c) The navigation system can be considered an example of a control system.

Describe how feedback is used in a control system.

...................................................................................................................................................

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(d) The robot includes a touchscreen for the customer to make their payment.

Describe the principal operation of a touchscreen.

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15
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(e) Program libraries were used when writing the robot’s software.

(i) State what is meant by a program library.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Some program libraries include Dynamic Link Library (DLL) files.

Describe the benefits of a programmer using a library with DLL files instead of using a
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library that does not include DLL files.

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16
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(f) The data from the robots is transmitted to a central computer using a wireless connection.

(i) Complete the table by identifying and describing two methods of data verification that
can be used during data transfer.

Method Description
1
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......................................... ..........................................................................................

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......................................... ..........................................................................................

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2
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......................................... ..........................................................................................

......................................... ..........................................................................................

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[4]

(ii) Explain how encryption can protect the security of data during transmission.

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...........................................................................................................................................

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
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