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Lesson 1 Linear Equations 2024 2025 (1)

This document provides a comprehensive overview of linear equations and inequalities, including their definitions, solution methods, and graphical representations. It covers linear equations in one and two variables, systems of linear equations, and linear inequalities in one and two variables, along with examples and exercises for practice. The document also discusses the concept of feasible regions in systems of inequalities.

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15 views

Lesson 1 Linear Equations 2024 2025 (1)

This document provides a comprehensive overview of linear equations and inequalities, including their definitions, solution methods, and graphical representations. It covers linear equations in one and two variables, systems of linear equations, and linear inequalities in one and two variables, along with examples and exercises for practice. The document also discusses the concept of feasible regions in systems of inequalities.

Uploaded by

crushpokitasebastian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

(BUMA 020)
ENGR. ELMA V. LUZANO
LESSON 1 – REVIEW OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS AND LINEAR INEQUALITIES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected
to:
▪ Solve linear equations in one or two variables
▪ Graph the solution set of linear equations
▪ Compute the solution set of linear inequalities in one
or two variables
▪ Graph the solution set of linear inequalities
▪ Solve system of linear equations and linear
inequalities.
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE:

A linear equation in one variable can be written in


the form,

ax + b = 0

where : a and b = real numbers , a not equal to zero


EXAMPLES:

1. Solve 6x + 4 = 46

2. Solve 7x + 4 = 4(x + 7)

𝟑 −𝒙 𝒙
3. Solve 𝐱 + =
𝟑 𝟑
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE:

A linear equation in two variables can be


written in the form,

ax + by + c= 0

where : a ,b, c are constants , a & b not


equal to zero

-Can be solved by intercept method


EXAMPLES:

1. Solve 5x + 3y = 15 ( Let x = 0, then let y = 0)


then graph

1. Solve 2x - 4 = 2y + 8
SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS:

A system of linear equations is 2 or more


linear equations with the same variables.
The solution of the system of linear
equations is the point of intersection of the
lines representing the equations.
EXAMPLE:

Solve 2x - y = 4 ---- equation 1


x + 2y = 7 ---- equation 2

SOLUTIONS:
1. Elimination Method
2. Substitution Method
3. Graphical Method
EXAMPLE:

Solve 3x + 2y = 6 ---- equation 1


6x + 4y = 24 ---- equation 2

EXAMPLE:

Solve 4x - y = 4 ---- equation 1


8x - 2y = 8 ---- equation 2
SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN 3 VARIABLES:

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 𝑧 = 𝑑1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 𝑧 = 𝑑2
𝑎3 𝑥 + 𝑏3 𝑦 + 𝑐3 𝑧 = 𝑑3

The solution set =


Consider the system:

x + 2y – 3z = 11
3x - 2y – z = 1
2x + y + 4z = 3
LINEAR INEQUALITIES
LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN ONE VARIABLE:

An inequality is a statement formed by


placing an inequality (<,>) symbol between
numeral and variable expression.

The solution set of such inequality is the set


of all values of the variables that make the
inequality a true statement
EXAMPLE:

1. Solve and graph 7x - 8 < 4x + 7


SOLUTION: 7x - 8 < 4x + 7
7x – 4x < 7 + 8
3x < 15
x < 5

The solution includes all the points on the number line less
than 5, not including 5.
EXAMPLE:

𝒚 −𝟑 𝒚
2. Solve and graph − 𝟏≥
𝟒 𝟐
LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES:
An inequality that can be written as
Ax + Bx < C,
Ax + Bx > C,
Ax + Bx ≥ C
Where: A,B,C are real numbers
A, B not equal to zero

The solution set of such inequality is the


subset of the plane consisting of all points (x , y)
whose coordinates satisfy the inequality.
To find the solution set of a linear inequality:

1. Replace inequality symbol by an equal sign.


2. Graph the corresponding line. If the symbol of
the inequality is < or >, use a dashed line to
indicate that the line is not part of the solution
set.
3. Choose any point that does not lie on the line, if
possible (0,0), & substitute its coordinate to the
given inequality. If the point satisfy the
inequality, all points on the same half plane is
The solution set of the inequality. Otherwise, the solution
is the half-plane not containing the test point.

EXAMPLE:

Solve: 3x + 2y ≤ 6
SOLUTION:
3x + 2y ≤ 6
3x + 2y = 6

Graph the equation by finding the intercepts:


x-intercept, (2 , 0)
y-intercept, (0 , 3)
GRAPH:

Using the origin as a testing point:


3x + 2y ≤ 6
3(0) + 2(0) ≤ 6
0≤ 6
GRAPH: We get a true statement , therefore, the solution set is the half-
plane containing the origin.
EXAMPLE 2:
𝟏
Solve: x + y > 4
𝟐

𝟏
SOLUTION: x + y =4
𝟐
x + 2y = 8

Intercepts: (8,0) & (0,4)


GRAPH:

𝟏
Substituting (0,0) to the inequality, (𝟎) + 0 >4
𝟐
0 > 4 False
Statement is false, the solution set is the half-plane not containing
(0,0)
EXAMPLE 3:
Solve : 2x + y ≥ 0

if x = 0, y = 0 so assign another point:


x = 1, y = -2

Therefore; the line will pass through (0,0) and


(1,-2)
(0,0) can’t be used as test point since the line passes through it.
Instead, use (1,0) which is a point not on the line as the test
point. 2x + y ≥ 0, 2(1) + 0 ≥ 0, 2 ≥ 0 True

The solution set is the half-plane containing the point (1,0)


SYSTEM OF INEQUALITIES IN ONE OR TWO
VARIABLES:

-find the ordered pairs which will satisfy all the


conditions imposed on the variable. The solution set is
known as the FEASIBLE REGION.
EXAMPLE: 3x - y ≥ 6
x + y ≤ 5
SOLUTION: 3x - y ≥ 6
x + y ≤ 5

3x - y = 6; x-intercept (2,0)
y-intercept (0,-6)

x + y = 5 x-intercept (5,0)
y-intercept (0,5)
GRAPH:
EXAMPLE: Solve the system:

x + 2y ≤ 10
3x + y ≤ 9
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0
SOLUTION:
Inequalities x ≥ 0 & y ≥ 0 indicates that
solution set lies on the 1st quadrant, x and y are
positive.

x + 2y = 10; x-intercept (10,0)


y-intercept (0,5)

3x + y = 9; x-intercept (3,0)
y-intercept (0,9)
SEATWORK:

A. Find the feasibility region of


4x + 3y ≥ 24
x+y≤ 8
x≥ 0
y ≥ 0

A. Find the solution set of the following inequalities:

1. 4x + 3y ≤ 24 2. 2x - 3y > 12
HOMEWORK:
A. Find the solution set of the following inequalities:

1. 3x + y ≥ 0 2. x ≥ 4 and y < 3

A. Find the feasibility region of


1. 4x + 2y ≥ 40
3x + y ≤ 15
x≥ 0
y ≥ 0

2. x + y ≥ 20
y≥ 2
x ≥ 0

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