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Unit 2 - Sentence Structure Types

The document provides an overview of sentence structures, detailing four main types: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It explains the basic elements of sentences, including subjects and predicates, and illustrates how these sentence types are constructed using examples. Additionally, it covers the use of conjunctions and adverbs in forming compound and complex sentences.

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Unit 2 - Sentence Structure Types

The document provides an overview of sentence structures, detailing four main types: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It explains the basic elements of sentences, including subjects and predicates, and illustrates how these sentence types are constructed using examples. Additionally, it covers the use of conjunctions and adverbs in forming compound and complex sentences.

Uploaded by

nguyenththam48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:
Sentence Types
Sentence Types

• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
• Compound-Complex
Basic Elements of Every Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Basic Elements

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Mary plays tennis.


Simple Sentence
Simple Sentence

• A simple sentence has one subject and one

predicate.
Simple Sentence

Observe how a simple sentence is constructed:

We went to San Juan yesterday.


Simple Sentence

Pronoun Verb Prepositional phrase

We went to San Juan .

Simple subject Complete predicate


SIMPLE SENTENCE

SUBJECT PREDICATE

Mary plays tennis.

one subject one predicate


Simple Sentence

Tom and Mary play tennis.

Compound Subject

&
Simple Sentence

play tennis and swim.


Tom and Mary

Compound Subject Compound Predicate

& &
SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject

Tom and Mary play tennis.


SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
and
compound predicate

Tom and Mary play tennis and


swim.
Compound Sentence
Compound Sentence
• A compound sentence has more than one
part that can stand alone (independent
clauses).

• Independent clauses are connected by


coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive
adverbs or a semi-colon.
Compound Sentence

We went to San Juan, and

most of us danced all night.


Compound Sentence

Subject Verb Prepositional phrase

We went to San Juan,

Coordinating Predicate
Conjunction
and most of us danced all night .

Subject Verb Modifying phrase


Compound Sentence

Use of Coordinating Conjunctions

SUBJECT PREDICATE

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Compound Sentence
Tom swims,

and

Mary plays tennis.


COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.

Comma before “and”


in compound
sentences!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

Note: Semicolon
before conjunctive
adverb and comma
after conjunctive adverb!
Conjunctive Adverbs “float”

• Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes


called “floating” adverbs because
they can be positioned at the
beginning, in the middle, or at the
end of a clause.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END

Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.


Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
Semicolons

• “If the relation between the ideas


expressed in the main clauses is
very close and obvious without a
conjunction, you can separate the
clauses with a semicolon” (Little,
Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p.
361).
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON

Tom has benefited from his exercise


program; he is slim and energetic.
Complex Sentence
Complex Sentence

• A complex sentence has at least two


parts: one that can stand alone and
another one that cannot

• The part that cannot stand alone is linked


to the rest of the sentence by a
subordinating conjunction
Complex Sentence

Since my boyfriend and I wanted to have fun,

we went to San Juan yesterday.


Complex Sentence

Since we wanted to have fun,

Subordinating Part that cannot stand alone


Conjunction

Subject Predicate

we went to San Juan yesterday.


Complex Sentence

SUBJECT PREDICATE

even though

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Complex Sentence

Bob is popular

even though

he is ugly.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

The most common subordinating


conjunctions are "after," "although,"
"as," "because," "before," "how,"
"if," "once," "since," "than,"
"that," though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether,” and
while."
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence
• This type of sentence has more than one
part that can stand alone, and at least one
that cannot.

• Conjunctions link the different parts of this


sentence.
Compound-Complex Sentence

Since we wanted to have fun,

my boyfriend and I went to San Juan yesterday,

and we danced all night.


Compound-Complex Sentence
Subordinating
Conjunction

Since we wanted to have fun,


Part that cannot stand alone

my boyfriend and I went to San Juan,

Coordinating Subject Predicate


Conjunction

and we danced all night.


Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike is popular

because

he is good looking,

but

he is not very happy.


Exercises

Say if the following sentences are:


Simple, compound, complex or
compound-complex.
1. The bell rang.
2. Bridget ran the first part of the race, and Tara
biked the second part.
3. That he stands at the bottom of the cliff
shocks me.
4. The skier turned and jumped.
5. Though Mitchell prefers watching romantic
films, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he
enjoyed it very much.
Answers
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
4. Simple
5. Compound-complex
1. Because Kayla has so much climbing
experience , we asked her to lead our group.
2. You and I need piano lessons.
3. I planned to go to the hockey game, but I
couldn’t get tickets.
4. Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she
also enjoys kayaking.
5. There are many problems to solve before this
program can be used, but engineers believe
that they will be able to solve them soon.
Answers
1. Complex
2. Simple
3. Compound
4. Compound
5. Compound-complex
References

Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice


Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley,
Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and
Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.

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