Book 5 43

Essentials of
English Grammar and Composition
Book 5

1. Looking Up a Dictionary
A. The alphabetical order is:
1. grace 2. grammar 3. grateful 4. greed 5. greeting
6. grey 7. grief 8. grip 9. growl 10. growth
11. grumble 12. grumpy

B. 1. 246 2. 245 3. 246 4. 245 5. 245

6. 244 7. 245 8. 244 9. 246
Students may also be asked to arrange all the words in alphabetical order. That will
be an additional exercise.
C. Ask the students to make as many words as possible. Then a consolidated list may
be written on the blackboard. This will enlarge the students’ vocabulary. They can,
of course, arrange their own words in alphabetical order.
Some words are given below:
1. airy 2. acid 3. city 4. cart 5. coat
6. coir 7. dirt 8. dart 9. tiny 10. tidy
11. torn 12. tray 13. rain 14. riot 15. yarn
16. yard 17. actor 18. adorn 19. candy 20. diction

2. The Sentence
D. 1. Reading a magazine regularly is a good habit.

2. Which magazine should I read?
3. Suggest a good children’s magazine.
4. Did you go to the school today?
5. What announcement did the Principal make?
6. The Principal announced the names of the prize-winners.
7. They will be given prizes and certificates on the Annual Function day.

F. Note that some words have to be capitalised and only full stops have to be put in.
Mr Prasad was the head of a service organisation. One day he had a lot of work to
do. There were some mistakes in the accounts also. This had upset him. He sat at
his table in an angry mood and did his work. Just then a visitor entered the room.
He gently called Mr Prasad. Mr Prasad paid no attention to him. The visitor again
tried to say something. Mr Prasad gave him an angry look and kept on working.
The visitor quietly walked out of his office. He had read about the work being done
by Mr Prasad and liked it. He wanted to present him a cheque for one lakh rupees.
Mr Prasad had lost a great opportunity.
44 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

H. Students’ individual response.

In addition to ensuring grammatical accuracy, encourage the students to use their
imagination and come out with really appealing sentences.
I. 1. As 2. Ex 3. In 4. Im 5. As
6. Im 7. Im 8. As 9. In 10. Ex
J. 1. How cluttered your bed and table look! (table and bed)
2. The teaching of Mathematics should be made more interesting.
3. Do not forget to set the alarm.
4. Who is going to distribute the prizes among the prize-winners?
5. Did you write this essay without taking help from anybody?
6. What a beautiful sight the rainbow is!
7. Wash your hands carefully before eating your food.
8. All the members of the marriage party were well dressed.
9. I saw an ape-like creature running up the hill quickly.
10. Didn’t you feel scared at that strange sight?

3. Subject and Predicate

D. Subject
1. The travellers
2. All the members of the team
3. a long ladder
4. The leader of the party
5. My ambition
6. These children’s favourite indoor game
7. (You)
8. Most people in the countryside
9. Who
10. all his books
1. All insects have six legs.
E.
2. Children are fond of asking questions.
3. A good student is always punctual.
4. None of us heard the telephone bell ringing.
5. Life in the hills has its own charms.
6. Indian farmers are hard-working people.
7. Very few trains halt at these small stations.
8. A long train journey can be tiring.
F. 1. Some trees 2. Teachers’ Day 3. A rabbit 4. The weather/It
5. Sri Lanka 6. X 7. Sea water
All other appropriate responses are acceptable.
G. Students’ individual response.
 Book 5 45

4. Parts of Speech
B. Sentence Nouns Pronouns Adjectives
No.
1. mangoes I, you some, sweet
2. girl, pool – little, deep
3. Poonam, dress – pretty, blue
4. party you grand
5. stars, sky I seven, twinkling
6. India, country, rivers, mountains It rich, many
7. sweets, jar – six, big
8. puppy, food It weak
9. lanes They narrow, dirty
10. book, library She old

C. Verbs Adverbs
1. swept carefully
2. have gathered outside
3. was played yesterday
4. told never
5. went upstairs
6. opened quietly
7. worked hard
8. was again
D. Interjections Prepositions Conjunctions
1.   – near or
2.   – to, by, on but
3.   – for until
4. Hurrah in and
5.   – of that
6. Alas with and
7.   – to If
F. 1. noun 2. verb 3. noun 4. adverb
5. adjective 6. adverb 7. preposition 8. verb
9. adverb 10. adjective
G. plans – verb bath – noun iron – noun
iron – verb colour – verb colours – noun
walk – verb walk – noun
H. Students’ individual response.
The sentences given below are meant to illustrate the use of the given words. All
suitable responses from the students should be acceptable.
1. Draw (noun) The match ended in a draw.
(verb) Neha is trying to draw a picture of an old man.
2. Water (noun) Get me a glass of water.
(verb) Pooja waters the flowers every day.
46 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

3. Plant (noun) Plants need sunlight to grow.

(verb) The gardener planted the sapling in a flowerpot.
4. Heat (noun) The sun gives us heat and light.
(verb) Heat some oil in a frying pan.
5. Hand (noun) Human hand is a wonderful machine.
(verb) I finished the painting and handed it to the teacher.
6. Kick (noun) We won the match through a penalty kick.
(verb) He kicked the ball as hard as he could.
7. Match (noun) We went to watch the football match.
(verb) The teacher matched the handwriting of the two students.
8. Play (noun) She performs her part very well in the play.
(verb) Children played football in the park.

5. Nouns
B. 1. City 2. Soap 3. Country 4. Television
C. Across 4. Gomti 6. Sachin 8. Gagarin 9. Tagore
10. Mowgli
Down 1. Edison 2. Marconi 3. April 5. Kerala
7. Ooty 8. German
E. 1. beauty 2. Sincerity, virtue 3. progress 4. price
5. advice 6. memories, childhood 7. fear
8. truth, non-violence 9. knowledge, power 10. profit
F. 1. bravery 2. wisdom 3. honesty 4. sincerity 5. pride
6. innocence 7. intelligence 8. laziness 9. kindness 10. anger
G. dom : kingdom, wisdom, freedom
ity : reality, equality, scarcity
ment : payment, agreement, treatment
th : depth, truth, growth
Sentences will be students’ personal response.
H. 1. strength 2. Knowledge 3. popularity 4. height
5. independence 6. marriage 7. loss 8. punishment
J. 1. team 2. choir 3. mob 4. fleet
5. clump 6. crowd 7. troupe
K. 1. litter 2. audience 3. crew 4. colony
5. anthology 6. army/regiment/battalion
L. 1. bouquet 2. suite 3. fleet 4. committee
5. bunch 6. mob 7. audience
O. 1. U 2. U 3. U 4. U 5. C
6. U 7. U 8. C 9. U 10. C
11. C 12. C 13. C 14. U 15. C

6. Nouns: Singular and Plural

H. 1. buses 2. roofs 3. valleys 4. teeth 5. peaches
6. women 7. storeys 8. mangoes 9. knives 10. stories
11. hobbies 12. photos 13. mice 14. flies 15. leaves
 Book 5 47

I. 1. The wolves chased the sheep.

2. Put the books on the shelves.
3. The women cut the mangoes with knives.
4. The fairies played the pianos.
5. The chiefs of the armies got ready for a war.
6. The ladies took out the keys from the purses and opened the locks.
7. The oxen felt afraid of the wolves and ran away.
J. 1. The goose made a lot of noise.
2. The doctor pulled out the aching tooth.
3. The child flew a kite.
4. The tree shed even the last leaf.
5. The servant swept the chimney.
6. A car needed a battery.
7. The mouse had made a hole in the box.

7. Nouns: Gender
B. 1. F 2. N 3. C 4. M 5. C
6. N 7. M 8. F 9. C 10. N
11. M 12. C 13. F 14. C 15. M
D. mare, empress, nephew, sir, tigress, gentleman, heroine, widower
duchess, headmistress, peahen, bull, milkmaid, goddess, washerwoman, brother
E. 1. The bride was congratulated by her friends.
2. The girl is staying here with her aunt.
3. A girl sat on the back of a mare.
4. My sister-in-law is a great poet.
5. The hostess welcomed my grandmother warmly.
6. The queen declared the princess the heiress to the throne.
7. Our landlady went to the city along with her niece.
8. The priestess worshipped the goddesses.
9. The sales assistant was very polite. She showed my mother a variety of dresses
for my sister.
10. A lady and her maid-servant are waiting at the door.

8. Nouns: Possession
C. 1. the bird’s song 2. Achilles’ heel
3. the baby’s dress 4. the Principal’s bungalow
5. Mala’s gift 6. my friend’s birthday
D. 1. the foxes’ tails 2. the babies’ dresses
3. a children’s film 4. the women’s cries
5. the drivers’ uniforms 6. the firemen’s helmets
E. 1. the deer’s horns 2. the cows’ tails
3. the children’s tears 4. the ladies’ shoes
5. the carpenters’ tools 6. the students’ essays
48 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

F. 1. the children’s toys 2. the chemist’s shop

3. the puppies’ food 4. the ladies’ tailor
5. the boys’ school 6. St. Peter’s church
G. 1. Lord Krishna’s friend 2. their guru’s house
3. the king of Dwarka 4. Sudama’s wife
5. bundle of rice 6. his friend’s wife
7. his friend’s palace 8. Lord Krishna’s help
9. the site of his hut 10. the gate of the house
11. Lord Krishna’s men 12. his friend’s kindness
9. Adjectives
D. 1. old, grey 2. brave, fearless 3. Big, beautiful
4. noble, great 5. fierce, mighty 6. hungry, clever
7. ancient, grand 8. warm, sunny, light
E. 1. bitter 2. Noble 3. chilly 4. smooth
5. shabby 6. healthy 7. handsome
J. 1. seven, N 2. many, N 3. some, Q 4. first, N
5. enough, N 6. enough, Q 7. no, N 8. no, Q
M. 1. This 2. These 3. That 4. Those 5. Such
6. these 7. that 8. this 9. those 10. such
N. 2. these cute, white puppies 3. these new, red cars
4. those big oak trees 5. those fresh, pink roses
6. such lovely babies 7. these colourful, silken feathers
O. 2. this brave soldier 3. this honest and polite man
4. that rare diamond ring 5. that funny story
6. such a sharp knife 7. that interesting book
1. What
R. – Interrogative your – possessive
2. Whose – Interrogative her – possessive
3. Which – Interrogative my – possessive
4. Which – Interrogative his – possessive
5. What – Interrogative your – possessive
6. Whose – Interrogative my – possessive
7. What – Interrogative    –
8. – your – possessive
9. Which – Interrogative (yours is a pronoun)
10. Whose – Interrogative –
S. great – quality beautiful – quality
small – quality green – quality
terrible – quality their – possessive
two – number this – demonstrative
his – possessive hard – quality
his – possessive strong – quality
 Book 5 49

What – interrogative first – number

easy – quality second – number
hot – quality third – number
happy – quality last – demonstrative
such – demonstrative his – possessive
clever – quality his – possessive

T. Across 4. narrow 6. cruel 8. false 9. timid

10. rude 11. humble 13. costly
Down 1. dangerous 2. front 3. modern 5. coarse
7. tight 12. best
U. y : starry, greedy, thirsty
ly : lovely, monthly
ish : foolish, childish
ful : faithful, useful, helpful
The sentences will be students’ personal response.

10. Adjectives: Degrees of Comparison

C. Positive Comparative Superlative
fat fatter fattest
rich richer richest
wide wider widest
heavy heavier heaviest
strange stranger strangest
red redder reddest
tall taller tallest
many more most
young younger youngest
wonderful more wonderful most wonderful
mad madder maddest
good better best
able abler ablest
clever cleverer cleverest
interesting more interesting most interesting
bad worse worst
grey greyer greyest
thin thinner thinnest
pretty prettier prettiest
important more important most important
old older, elder oldest, eldest
ugly uglier ugliest
noble nobler noblest
little less least
courageous more courageous most courageous
50 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

far farther, further farthest, furthest

lazy lazier laziest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
bright brighter brightest
difficult more difficult most difficult
D. 1. Bunty is as playful as a puppy.
2. Reema is as beautiful as her mother.
3. The dancer is as graceful as a swan.
4. The ant is as hardworking as the bee.
5. Mr Lal is as tall as Mr Singh.
E. 1. The sun is larger than the earth.
2. Iron is heavier than wood.
3. Gold is costlier than silver.
4. Seema is prettier than Neelu.
5. A train journey is more comfortable than a bus journey.
F. 1. Rohit is the best batsman in our team.
2. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.
3. Mr L.N. Saraf is the richest person in our city.
4. Madhuri is the loveliest girl in this group.
5. David Copperfield is the most interesting novel I have read.
G. 1. the oldest 2. as old as 3. younger than
4. older than 5. youngest
J. 1. much 2. a little 3. much 4. fewer 5. a few
K. 1. heavier 2. sincere 3. smart 4. narrowest 5. better
6. important 7. most important 8. more 9. hottest 10. bad
11. worse 12. worst

11. Articles (A, An, The)

C. 1. A, an 2. A, an 3. An, a 4. An, a 5. A, an
6. A, a 7. An, a 8. A, an

D. 1.  2. an, a 3. , ,  4. A, an 5. a, 
6. a, an 7. a,  8. a, 

F. 1. an 2. the 3. a 4. The 5. 
6. The 7. an 8. the
G. 1. an, The 2. an, an, The, the 3. a, The, the, the
4. an, an, The 5. The, the, the 6. A, a, the, the, the

I. 1. the U.S.A. 2. The Red Fort,  3. , the Alps

4. , the Shatabdi Express 5. the only son 6. the richest
7. the last bus, the next one
 Book 5 51

J. Rover was a smart dog but he had a poor memory. One day he was upset because he
had lost his bone. He was sure he had buried it under an apple tree. But now there
was no trace of it.
Rover asked all his friends if they knew anything about the bone. But they could not
help him.
The butterfly did not know the area well. The cat scolded him for being careless. The
bear kept on eating the honey he had collected and did not even look towards him.
Sad and irritated, Rover went to lie down in his basket in the kitchen. His master was
making a delicious pear tart. Rover just loved pear tarts. “Pear, pear,....,” he repeated
the word to himself. And suddenly he remembered that he had burried the bone under
a pear tree and not an apple tree.

12. Pronouns
E. I Person II Person III Person
1. we, us – he
2. us you –
3. me, mine yours He
4. us, we You –
5. – You She, it
F. 1. Ashok and Dilip are brothers. They are my cousins. I love them very much.
2. When the dog saw the stranger, it began to bark at him.
3. Tara is a dancer. Last night she danced so well that everybody praised her.
4. Sunil has a number of books. They contain stories. But he does not lend them to
anyone.
5. Arjun invited Jaya to his birthday. She presented him a watch. It was an expensive
one. He liked it very much and thanked her for the beautiful present.
1. They
M. – personal;
themselves – reflexive
2. Ours – personal
3. What – interrogative
4. These – demonstrative
them – personal
5. Who – interrogative
6. itself – reflexive
7. I – personal
myself – emphasising
8. She – personal
herself – emphasising
9. you – personal
yourself – emphasising; you – personal
10. You – personal, yourself – emphasising,
me – personal
N. 1. herself 2. myself 3. himself 4. yourself
5. yourselves 6. itself 7. ourselves 8. themselves
52 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

P. 1. mine 2. ours 3. his 4. yours 5. theirs

6. hers 7. yours 8. mine 9. his 10. yours
Q. 1. These shoes are hers. 2. This garden is his.
3. These tools are his. 4. That frock is yours.
5. This dog is hers. 6. These toys are ours.
7. These fields are theirs. 8. That geometry box is mine.
S. 1. They, hers, her 2. they 3. yours
4. herself (other responses possible) 5. She, it
6. themselves 7. I, you 8. I, them, Who
9. ours 10. Who

U. 1. her 2. themselves 3. him 4. mine 5. herself

6. yours 7. I, them 8. yours 9. yourself 10. ours

Review 1
A. 1. verb 2. noun 3. adjective 4. adverb 5. adverb
6. preposition 7. pronoun 8. adjective
B. 1. We take a bath every day. 2. The depth of this well is ten metres.
3. What is the height of this hill? 4. What is the weight of this box?
5. Her singing gave me happiness. 6. He was sad because of his poverty.
7. The teacher gave me punishment. 8. A man of sincerity keeps his promise.
C. 1. litter 2. swarm 3. flight 4. pack 5. bunch
6. bundle 7. band

D. (a) buses, teeth, wolves, mosquitoes, deer, flies, handkerchiefs, shelves, photos,
puppies.
(b) empress, milkmaid, cow, horse, lady, gander, vixen, landlady, goddess, tigress.

E. 1. the elephant’s legs 2. the elephants’ legs

3. – 4. the Principal’s office
5. – 6. the students’ duties
F. Positive Comparative Superlative
tall taller tallest
young younger youngest
noble nobler noblest
heavy heavier heaviest
thin thinner thinnest
famous more famous most famous
pretty prettier prettiest
many more most
bad worse worst
little less least
G. 1. biggest 2. fast 3. costlier 4. Many 5. More
 Book 5 53

H. 1. a 2. The 3. the 4. an 5. The, an

6. a, the
I. 1. her 2. It 3. myself 4. Who 5. These
6. yourselves

13. Verbs
B. set, spent, treated, visited, hope, are doing, said, are, replied, fell
accompanied, sat, examined, saw, came, was, were returning, said, have seen, say, are,
is, complained
exclaimed, is, will be, are bringing, are doing
G. 1. plays, transitive 2. is cooking, transitive 3. are, incomplete
4. sang, intransitive 5. helped, transitive 6. seems, incomplete
7. will be, incomplete 8. grow, intransitive 9. grew, incomplete
10. grow, transitive 11. is sleeping, intransitive
12. finished, transitive 13. has broken, transitive
14. fly, transitive 15. was flying, intransitive
16. are learning, transitive

14. The Tense

D. 1. am 2. is 3. are 4. is
5. Are 6. are 7. is, are
E. We shall be in Shimla next month.
(Will be can be used with all the subjects. Shall be is used with we.)
F. The sentences given below are meant to illustrate the use of simple past tense. All
suitable responses from the students should be acceptable.
1. They were very strong when they were younger.
2. He was a sincere student when he was in school.
3. Most of the trains were late yesterday.
4. The river was in flood last month.
5. Tina had a high fever yesterday.
6. I had many toys to play with two years ago.
7. We had a cricket match last month.
8. My parents were in Paris two years ago.
9. They had their end-term tests last week.
10. Mary and Lucy were in the same school when they were younger.
G. 1. are 2. is, will be 3. will be
4. has 5. have 6. am, will have
7. have, are 8. had, has 9. were
10. had, have

15. Simple Present Tense

D. 1. sting 2. take 3. looks 4. know
54 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

5. gives 6. reaches 7. follows, drives 8. remember

9. make 10. speaks, speaks
E. 1. Satish likes western music.
2. Renu does the sums very fast.
3. John and Mary take exercise regularly.
4. He flies kites on windy days.
5. You generally share your toys with your friends.
6. Amit always brushes his teeth before going to bed.
7. She usually carries an umbrella on hot days.
8. Alok never quarrels with his friends.

F. 1. This train stops at small stations.

2. He/She grows apples in this garden.
3. This shopkeeper treats the customers politely.
4. This newspaper gives the latest news.
5. An elephant remembers even old things.
6. A colourful curtain makes a room bright.
7. Sometimes a child asks very interesting questions.
8. An aeroplane flies high in the sky.
G. Across 2. shine 5. worship 8. falls 9. sing
10. teach
Down 1. knows 3. hits 4. flies 6. reach
7. rises 8. fight
H. is, carry, uses, is, is, stands, has, are, live, swallow, raise

16. Present Continuous Tense

E. 1. breaking 2. buying 3. coming 4. cutting
5. dying 6. flying 7. forgetting 8. losing
9. putting 10. sitting 11. teaching 12. writing
F. 1. are buying 2. is running 3. are sitting 4. am looking
5. are wearing 6. is discussing 7. is raining 8. are taking
G. 1. She is doing her washing at this moment.
2. My grandfather is doing some breathing exercises now.
3. They are repairing the damaged roads today.
4. The farmer is ploughing the field now.
5. The doctor is examining the patients at this moment.
6. My mother is helping me with my homework today.
I. 1. are praying 2. pray 3. drives 4. is driving
5. is switching 6. switch

17. Present Perfect Tense

Present
F. Past Past Participle
1. do did done
2. cut cut cut
 Book 5 55

3. feel felt felt

4. shine shone shone
5. sweep swept swept
6. fly flew flown
7. flow flowed flowed
8. lose lost lost
9. stand stood stood
10. drive drove driven
11. see saw seen
12. hear heard heard
13. catch caught caught
14. drink drank drunk
15. fight fought fought
G. 1. Our parrot has adjusted in our house quite well. It has made friends with Bouncer,
our dog. It has learnt quite a few new words.
2. Today is Soumya’s birthday. Papa has given her a new watch. Mummy has bought
a new dress for her. Ashish has brought her some comics.
3. Amit’s father gave him a thousand rupees on his birthday. He has deposited half
the money in his bank. He has spent three hundred rupees on buying storybooks.
With the rest of the money, he has bought some new CDs of computer games.
4. Our old house was rather small for us. So we have shifted to our new house. Papa
has given me a room on the second floor. I have already decorated my room.

18. Simple Past Tense

D. 1. Dry leaves fell off.
2. I felt sorry for my mistake.
3. I always bought new books.
4. She met me in the evening.
5. Very beautiful roses grew in our garden.
6. The moon shone brightly in the sky.
7. The eagle flew at a great height.
E. Only the words to be filled in are given.
lacked, was, took, expected, felt, failed, learnt, gave, told, took, won, went, felt,
handed, decided.
F. 1. bit 2. quarrelled 3. stole 4. cut 5. taught
6. spent 7. heard, came 8. saw, stopped
G. Across 1. shone 4. heard 6. rose 8. thought
10. knew
Down 1. swept 2. felt 3. caught 5. drank
7. saw 9. hit

19. Past Continuous Tense

D. 1. was distributing 2. was looking
3. was sailing 4. was practising
56 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

5. were throwing 6. were decorating

7. was writing 8. was walking
9. were running 10. was buying
20. Simple Future Tense
D. 1. I will go to bed at 10 o’clock tonight.
2. We will go on a picnic next Sunday.
3. Sunil will miss his classes tomorrow.
4. Mr Gupta will buy a new suit next month.
5. I will learn my lessons tomorrow morning.
6. We will play carrom tomorrow morning.
7. The Principal will meet the parents next Monday.
E. Students’ individual response.
21. The ‘Going to’ Form
D. 1. is going to 2. are going to 3. are going to
4. is going to 5. is going to
22. Future Continuous Tense
D. 1. will be working 2. will be showing 3. will be waiting
4. will be sleeping 5. will be leaving 6. will be landing
7. will be hoisting 8. will be having 9. will be playing
10. will be going
23. Can, May, Should, Must
B. 1. cannot see 2. Can, lend 3. can help 4. cannot read
5. can join 6. cannot cross 7. Can, suggest 8. cannot recollect
9. cannot reach 10. can take
D. 1. May, live 2. may, buy 3. may skip 4. May, take
5. may leave 6. May, enjoy 7. May, borrow 8. may borrow
9. may submit 10. May, be
F. 1. should set 2. should leave 3. should not go 4. should think
5. should be 6. should cultivate 7. should attend 8. should not tease
9. should sell 10. should not discourage
H. 1. must not talk 2. must pay 3. must visit 4. must be
5. must not make 6. must look 7. must not pick 8. must not board
9. must participate 10. must keep
24. Negative Sentences
C. 1. This river is not very deep.
2. We were not ready for the examination.
3. His father will not be in the office today.
4. The Chief Minister has not rejected the proposal.
5. Do not go upstairs.
6. Shivani is not sure of her success.
7. Do not take this medicine if you have a fever.
8. The students had not got their identity cards with them.
 Book 5 57

1. You do not know the truth.

D. 2. Ritu does not follow the rules.
3. These children do not need my help. 4. She does not ask relevant questions.
5. They do not buy books from his shop. 6. John does not speak English fluently.
7. Sudha does not like her new frock. 8. My watch does not keep correct time.
9. I do not find his name at the top. 10. This shop does not sell stationery.
*Short forms like don’t and doesn’t are acceptable.
1. Hema did not win the race.
E. 2. The sun did not shine brightly.
3. We did not keep the windows open. 4. My dream did not come true.
5. The Chief Guest did not give away 6. We did not feel sure of our victory.
the medals.
7. They did not sell the tickets at 8. The teacher did not mark me absent.
lower rates.
9. Her toy aeroplane did not fly 10. I did not get a comfortable seat in
very well. the train.
*The short form didn’t is acceptable.
25. Interrogative Sentences
C.1. Can he prove the truth of his statement?
2. Does the book have an impressive cover?
Or
Has the book an impressive cover?
3. Was it a good example?
4. Will he soon be a rich man?
5. Should they buy a dictionary?
6. Had the car broken down?
7. Is that the end of the story?
8. Do these chairs have cushioned seats? or Have these chairs...?
9. Are there carpets on the floor?
10. Is this machine working well?
D. 1. Does this story teach us a moral?
2. Does Ritu get up early?
3. Do ships sail on seas?
4. Does this river dry up in summer?
5. Does Hari go to the village school?
6. Does Mala work in a bank?
7. Do his parents live in France?
8. Does Poonam go to her office by car?
9. Do delicious grapes grow in our garden?
10. Does your grandmother tell interesting stories?
11. Does Geeta send beautiful birthday cards to her friends?
12. Do these birds migrate to far-off lands in search of food?
13. Do they feel active because of the cold climate of their country?
14. Do people waste much time in sending unnecessary e-mails?
15. Does she always carry a red umbrella?
58 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

E. 1. Did she leave a message for me?

2. Did the girls sing the national anthem at the end?
3. Did the captain explain the plan clearly?
4. Did the actors forget some lines of the play?
5. Did he do the work in time?
6. Did the zookeepers keep the animals in comfort?
7. Did they hear the speech attentively?
8. Did she bring flowers for me?
9. Did the fisherman take his net to the river?
10. Did Gopi follow his father through the crowd?
F. 1. Your uncle has a car.
2. The mangoes were ripe.
3. The ship hit a rock.
4. The train will be late today.
5. All the passengers had got down.
6. Mukul had a dream last night.
7. He is happy with his result.
8. She lent you money.
9. You return the library books in time.
10. It takes her only five minutes to reach home.
H. 1. What is your father? 2. Where is he playing?
3. How did you come? 4. When do you go to bed?
5. Who will give away the prizes? 6. Whose house is this?
7. What did they say? 8. Why did you reach the school late?
J. 1. isn’t she? 2. can’t you? 3. haven’t you/don’t you?
4. aren’t they? 5. can they? 6. has she?
7. won’t they? 8. did he? 9. will you?
10. doesn’t he?

26. Active and Passive Voice

D. 1. A 2. A 3. P 4. P
5. P 6. A 7. P
G. 1. are accepted. 2. is spoken
3. is exported. 4. are advised
5. are disbursed. 6. are requested
H. 1. The bills are checked by an accountant.
2. Prerna is liked by most of the girls.
3. I am not disturbed by these children.
4. Water is not wasted by us.
5. Our health is destroyed slowly by junk food.
6. His address is known to me.
J. 1. were written 2. was closed 3. was first conquered
4. was changed 5. was completed 6. was hit
 Book 5 59

K. 1. An excellent speech was delivered by the headboy.

2. Our summer vacation was spent at Manali.
3. Her dance performance was praised by everybody.
4. No damage was caused by the accident.
5. I was approached by several people for help.
6. Flowers were not picked by the children.
M. 1. will be discussed 2. will be held
3. will be declared 4. will be awarded
5. will be changed 6. will be built
N. 1. The report will be read out by the secretary.
2. The main role will be played by Ankita.
3. Clear instructions will be given by us.
4. Songs of this movie will surely be liked by you.
5. This poem will be learnt by me tomorrow.
6. Brushes, paints and some papers will be bought by her.
P. 1. are being shifted 2. are being widened
3. are being honoured 4. is being serviced
5. is being taken 6. are being checked
Q. 1. The lawn is being mowed by Mr Saxena.
2. A superb performance is being given by suhani.
3. No time is being wasted by them.
4. Tomato soup is being drunk by her.
5. The fields are being irrigated by the farmer.
6. Brakes are being applied by the driver.
S. 1. were being decorated 2. was being put
3. was being laid 4. was being rehearsed
5. were being issued 6. were being guided
T. 1. An interesting story was being narrated by Mrs Akram.
2. Wickets were being kept by Rishabh.
3. Truth was not being spoken by her.
4. Only e-books were being bought by us.
5. The artists were being applauded by the audience.
6. A science movie was being watched by them.
V. 1. have been filled 2. has been appointed
2. have been demolished 4. have been cancelled
5. has been well planned 6. have been asked
W. 1. A new house has been bought by us.
2. Tickets have been booked in advance by us.
3. An expensive medicine has been prescribed by the doctor.
4. All my friends have been invited by me.
5. This team has been coached by Ravi Shastri.
6. The match has been won easily by India.
X. 1. An interesting story was being narrated by Mrs Rao.
60 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

2. Great kindness has been shown by her.

3. Air is polluted by firecrackers.
4. The application will not be accepted by Mrs Kelkar.
5. The movie was not liked by us.
6. Christmas carols were being sung by us.
7. Holi is celebrated with dry colours by these villagers.
8. I have not been informed by anybody.
9. Money will not be borrowed by me.
10. I was helped by them in every possible way.

27. Subject-Verb Agreement

E. 1. is 2. am 3. are 4. is
5. is 6. is 7. are 8. is
F. 1. I am not careless. 2. That pencil is mine.
3. The glass is on the table. 4. This woman is satisfied.
5. This lock is very strong. 6. That garden is beautiful.
7. He (she) is honest and sincere. 8. You are a nice child.
G. 1. was 2. were 3. was 4. were
5. were 6. were 7. was 8. were
H. 1. have 2. has 3. has 4. has
5. have 6. have 7. has 8. have
I. 1. spends 2. go 3. teaches 4. are
5. is 6. is 7. leads

Review 2
A. 1. like 2. tries 3. try 4. says 5. likes
6. leaves 7. remember 8. wear
B. 1. is carrying 2. are swimming 3. are making 4. is cleaning
5. is telling 6. are going 7. am waiting
C. 1. felt 2. met 3. began 4. knew 5. ate
6. took 7. wrote 8. hid
D. 1. is raining 2. was singing
3. will be making 4. shall be going (are going is acceptable)
5. was getting 6. was doing
7. is learning 8. are ringing
1. Those machines were not costly.
E.
2. Sonia is not a careless girl.
3. They do not have money to buy the house.
(They have no money to buy the house.)
4. Jack does not have a pen in his pocket.
(Jack has no pen in his pocket.)
5. I have not won a (any) prize.
 Book 5 61

6. Neelu did not forget to write her name.

7. Sudha’s parents do not get up late in the morning.
8. Jyoti does not share her toys with her friends.
F. 1. Are they hardworking children?
2. Is the dog a faithful animal?
3. Has the elephant a sharp memory?
(Does the elephant have a sharp memory?)
4. (Has the deer a beautiful set of horns?)
Does the deer have a beautiful set of horns?
5. Will they leave early in the morning?
6. Does Anu eat her breakfast late?
7. Is she working as well as studying?
8. Did she keep her things neatly?
G. 1. are 2. has 3. was 4. are 5. was
6. work 7. are 8. have 9. respect 10. waste

28. Adverbs
C.1. weekly: adverb of frequency, added to the verb is published.
2. respectfully: adverb of manner, added to the verb treat.
3. inside: adverb of place, added to the verb come.
4. back: adverb of place, added to the verb will come.
5. up: adverb of place, added to the verb went.
6. almost: adverb of degree, added to the verb was packed.
7. early: adverb of time, added to the verb arrives.
8. daily: adverb of frequency, added to the verb brush.
twice: adverb of frequency, added to the verb brush.
9. before: adverb of time, added to the verb have read.
10. courageously: adverb of manner, added to the verb faced.
D. Adverbs of manner : politely, cheerfully, wisely, fast.
Adverbs of time : now, late, tomorrow, early.
Adverbs of place : there, above, outside, somewhere.
Adverbs of frequency : often, never, sometimes, always.
Adverbs of degree : quite, almost, wholly, very.
F. slowly, smartly, happily, loudly, wholly, lazily, silently, angrily, carefully, cheerfully,
wisely, bravely, luckily, decently, gracefully.
G. run : fast, slowly, madly, blindly, rashly, carefully, etc.
play : sportingly, confidently, carefully, carelessly, etc.
read : fast, carefully, carelessly, slowly, fluently, thoroughly, casually, etc.
write : neatly, untidily, lucidly, carelessly, etc.
speak : confidently, clearly, frankly, fluently, etc.
work : efficiently, carefully, carelessly, sincerely, honestly, hard, regularly, fast,
slowly, rashly, confidently, neatly, etc.
62 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

All other appropriate responses are acceptable. Consolidated lists should be prepared
on the blackboard.
H. Across 3. downstairs 5. never 7. always 8. soon
10. outside 11. very 12. early
Down 1. wholly 2. quite 4. seldom 6. rather
7. almost 9. nearly

29. Prepositions
C. 1. in, of 2. of 3. into 4. after 5. with
6. around 7. by 8. of 9. with 10. from, to
11. with, in 12. over 13. On, with 14. for, under 15. in
D. 1. at 2. from 3. into 4. along 5. across
6. to 7. on, between 8. by, for
E. 1. on 2. among 3. of 4. behind 5. in
6. against 7. for, under 8. with, over
F. 1. by 2. in 3. on 4. to 5. at
6. over 7. at 8. from 9. to 10. in

G. at, in, by, On, at, in, from, of, for, to, into, out, in, on, in.

30. Conjunctions
D. 1. when 2. Although 3. If 4. that
5. unless 6. so that 7. or 8. because
9. and 10. until 11. Although 12. but
E. 1. that 2. unless 3. If 4. although 5. and
6. but 7. because 8. until 9. When 10. so that
F. after, and, wherever, As, and, that, that, who, and, so, that.

31. Punctuation and Capital Letters

I. 1. Do you need my help? Yes, I do.
   2. Will you speak a bit loudly, Rachit?
3. The room was small, dark, dirty and smelly.
4. Delhi is one of the most polluted cities, isn’t it?
5. The question paper was very difficult. Two questions were, in fact, out of course.
6. Oh, I didn’t know that.
7. All our hopes lay with Gaurav. He, however, got out in the very first over.
J. 1. a chemist’s shop 2. chemists’ shops
3. Vikas’s bag 4. women’s hostel
5. the kangaroo’s pouch 6. officers’ flats
7. babies’ dresses 8. Dr Das’s class
9. children’s literature 10. this child’s parents.
K. 1. “Who has made these curtains dirty?” angrily asked the mother.
2. “Mr Nobody,” said Prerna.
 Book 5 63

3. “Pussy cat, Pussy cat, where have you been?” asked the child.
4. “I’ve been to London to look at the queen,” said Pussy cat.
5. “What can you tell me about the great scientists of the eighteenth century?” the
teacher said to Vibhu.
6. “They’re all dead, Ma’am,” replied Vibhu.
L. “I want to reach the moon,” said King Jang Bahadur to his minister Ram Chand.
“But how do you plan to reach the moon, Your Majesty? It’s too far off,” said Ram
Chand.
“I don’t care. I want to be the first man to reach the moon,” said King Jang Bahadur.

32. Direct and Indirect Speech

G. 1. Anvita said that she could not finish the project that day.
2. The teacher said that plastic bags are a great threat to health.
3. I told Ankita that Papa had ordered online some toys for her.
4. Mrs Jha told Ankur that there was no suitable role for him in that play.
5. He told you that he was accepting that job for your sake.
6. Mrs Rawat said that all the children would have to do that exercise.
7. The old woman told her son that she was always praying for his good health.
I. 1. His father asked him which books he needed immediately.
2. Anshu’s mother asked her when she had come back.
3. Mr Sehgal asked the children why they were feeling so excited.
4. The teacher asked me why I was late for the class. I replied that I had missed the bus.
5. Saloni asked me whether I had change for five hundred rupees.
6. I asked the stranger whether that road led to the airport.
7. Suhel asked me whether I went for boating in the backwaters. I replied that I did
not get time.
8. Juhi asked me whether I would get an A1 grade in that paper.
K. 1. The student requested the teacher to lend him/her his/her pen for a while.
2. Mother commanded Pooja to go to the market immediately and bring half a dozen
eggs.
3. Mrs Kumar suggested to the assistant to buy those stationery items online.
4. The farmer advised his sons not to quarrel over silly matters.
5. The young man pleaded with his father to pardon him for his misbehaviour.
6. Karan’s father advised him not to go to bed so late at night.
7. Sumati requested Mrs Ray to allow her to participate in the spellathon.
8. The Principal ordered the students not to fool around and to go to their
classrooms.
L. 1. The Principal asked me to wait till he/she came back.
2. The sales assistant informed her that they did not deal in hosiery goods.
3. I asked Lokesh whether he was comfortable in his new school.
4. The porter informed me that the train stopped there for only two minutes.
5. The doctor suggested to the patient not to eat chilly or spicy food.
6. They asked her what brought her to their office.
7. Mr Nagar said that it is important to control noise pollution also.
8. I asked Priya how she had solved that tricky problem.
64 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

9. I requested the boys to listen to what I was saying.

10. He asked me whether I was afraid. I told him that I was not.

33. Words That May Often Be Confused

C. 1. pair 2. prey 3. root 4. waist 5. peace
D. 1. – 2. Principal 3. – 4. lose 5. –
E. 1. quite, quiet 2. wait, weight 3. hare, hair 4. heel, heal 5. sells, cells
F. 1. sail 2. meat 3. rode 4. fair 5. allowed
6. weak 7. buy 8. dear 9. weight 10. flew
11. maid 12. prey
Sentences will be students’ personal response.

34. Synonyms and Antonyms

B. hurt – injure; loyal – faithful; large – huge;
sleepy – drowsy; serious – grave
C. 1. purchase 2. conversation 3. tidy 4. fortunate
5. foolish 6. quiet 7. certain 8. start
9. vacant 10. assembly
D. Across 4. common 5. cheat 6. assistance 8. end
10. hurry 12. allow 13. delight
Down 1. find 2. praise 3. courteous 6. annual
7. wealthy 9. short 11. reply
H. bold – timid; safety – danger; stale – fresh;
permanent – temporary; depart – arrive.
I. 1. low 2. silent, quiet 3. dull 4. wide
5. deep 6. polite 7. late 8. remember
9. reward 10. negative 11. dear, expensive, costly
12. smooth 13. useless 14. senior 15. artificial
J. 1. untidy 2. disagree 3. incomplete 4. uncommon
5. imperfect 6. disobey 7. immoral 8. discontinue
9. irregular 10. unpopular 11. impure 12. indecent
13. unnecessary 14. unnatural 15. dishonest
K. Across 1. brave 3. cruel 4. innocent 7. haste
10. entrance 12. defend 13. wild
Down 1. borrow 2. written 5. true 6. sharp
8. ancient 9. proud 11. end

Review 3
A. 1. neatly 2. quietly 3. greedily 4. lovingly
5. safely 6. easily 7. regularly 8. Luckily
B. 1. on 2. among 3. to, for 4. at, in
5. from (in), of 6. into, to 7. in, at, in, on, to
C. 1. that 2. or 3. If 4. Although
5. when 6. until 7. but
 Book 5 65

D. Neeraj was having tea at Regal restaurant. He felt the quality of tea was rather poor.
He went to the manager and said, “Why don’t you serve good tea here?”
The manager said, “Sir, we got this tea from Darjeeling.”
“Is that why it is so cold?” asked Neeraj.
E. 1. maid, made 2. fair, fare 3. deer, dear 4. road, rode
5. whether, weather
F. 1. purchase 2. conversation 3. faithful 4. vacant
5. grave 6. assistance 7. tidy 8. courteous
G. 1. impure 2. discontinue 3. incorrect 4. disconnect
5. untidy 6. impossible 7. incomplete 8. irresponsible
H. 1. timid 2. fall/set 3. delay 4. depart
5. artificial 6. tame 7. humble 8. defend

35. Reading Comprehension

1. A. 1. F; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T.
B. 1. this removes the dirt and dust and prevents scalp infections.
2. nourishment to our hair and skin.
3. eggs; milk; Vitamin B12.
4. slowing down the process of greying and ageing.
C. 1. Shampoo keeps our hair clean by removing the dirt and dust and preventing
scalp infections.
2. Consumption of amla juice, ash gourd juice, pumpkin and coconut water helps
in enhancing hair growth.
3. For healthy hair, we should avoid the intake of maida, deep fried dishes, sweets
made of white sugar, soft drinks, tea and coffee.
D. 1. balanced diet 2. enhances 3. regime
E. 1. Hair – Neha has blonde hair.
Heir – The king declared his youngest son the heir to the throne.
2. Cereal – We have milk and cereals in our breakfast.
Serial – My mother loves watching T.V. serials.
2. A. 1. We can adopt a stray dog instead of going for a pet from the pet shop.
2. We shouldn’t throw waste food in plastic bags because cows, buffaloes and dogs
tend to swallow the plastic along with the food, which can cause choking.
3. Helpers at animal shelters walk the dogs, clean cages, feed animals and also
help in transporting the animals.
4. Birds will visit us everyday if we keep some grains and water in a dish for the
birds everyday in the balcony or on the roof.
5. Money, blankets, towels, newspapers, pet food, cleaning products and vaccines
are some of the things these organisations need.
B. 1. vegetarian 2. vaccines 3. donate 4. volunteer
Students’ individual response.
C.
D. 1. adopt 2. consider 3. rescue
E. Students’ individual response.
66 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

3. A. 1. There are many qualities of a true friend:

a. A true friend is consistent and honest.
b. He is not afraid to give an honest opinion.
c. He provides companionship and continuous support.
d. He is not jealous or envious.
e. There is no feeling of rivalry between true friends.
f. True friends stand by each other both in good and difficult times.
(The student may write any two qualities.)
2. A good friend should avoid feelings of pride, jealousy or rivalry in friendship.
3. Sugriva supported Rama in his difficult times and did not rest till Sita was
found. Karna honoured his friendship with Duryodhana even after knowing that
he in reality was the son of Kunti and the Pandavas were his brothers.
B. 1. c; 2. c; 3. b.
C. 1. T; 2. T; 3. F; 4. F; 5. T.
D. 1. Fair-weather friends are friends that throng to us during our prosperity. They
don’t support us in difficult times, so their company should be shunned.
2. It means that both the friends should honour their pact of friendship and support
each other at all times.
4. A. 1. She was wild with grief over the death of her son.
2. She wanted the Buddha to work some miracle and bring her son back to life.
3. The Buddha wanted some mustard seed to save her child but he said that it
must come from a house where no one had died.
4. She could not find even a single house unvisited by death.
5. She finally appealed to the Buddha to make her his disciple.
B. 1. ... she wanted him to restore her child to life.
2. ... she thought it would be easy for her to fulfil the condition laid down by the Buddha.
3. ... death had come to all.
4. ... she could perform the last rites.
C. The sentences are:
1. “She was wild with grief ... sari.”
2. “I have been to everyone ... will not breathe.”
3. “Can’t you save ... miracles?”
5. A. 1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. F.
B. 1. Agartala 2. dighis 3. green imperial pigeon
4. Tripura Sundari 5. Pilak
C. 1. Halams, Jamatias, Reangs, Noatias, Mogs, Mundas (any four).
2. The word ‘Tripura’ could have come from the name of the powerful king Tripur,
or from the state’s main goddess, Tripura Sundari.
3. Bamboo is strong enough to resist earthquakes and strong winds. Hence, it is
used in making houses, shops and granaries. It is also used for making mats
and jewellery.
4. The Hojagiri dance is performed while standing on pots. This makes it special.
D. 1. sculptures 2. resist 3. granary 4. ancient
 Book 5 67

Students’ individual response.

E.
6. A. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F
B. 1. Each leaf of a Venus flytrap has two hinged parts with long hairs on the edge.
When an insect touches the hairs, the two parts quickly snap shut and the insect
is trapped.
2. Some plants catch insects to meet their requirement of nitrate.
3. The leaves of the sundew plant are covered with hairs having drops of a sticky
liquid at their end. As soon as an insect touches the hair, it gets stuck fast to
the leaf. A juice oozes out of the leaf and digests the insect.
4. The pitcher plant has a long vase-shaped leaf with a pocket at the bottom filled
with sweet-smelling nectar. This pitcher-like shape of the leaf gives the plant
its name.
C. 1. mechanism 2. glistens 3. nectar 4. absorb 5. swampy
7. A. 1. The aim of the Safe Pedestrian Drive is to generate awareness among pedestrians
and motorists to become responsible road users.
2. a. The pedestrians should use zebra crossing/subway/foot overbridge for crossing
the road.
b. Pedestrians should not use a cellphone/ear phones while crossing the road.
3. If someone is crossing the road at the zebra crossing, the motorist should stop
the vehicle immediately.
4. a. A motorist should stop before the stop line.
b. Motorists should not drive on pavements as it can endanger the lives of the
pedestrians.
B. 1. motorists 2. Delhi Police 3. 15 days
Students’ individual response.
C.
D. 1. Use – (noun) What will be the use of carrying a torch with us?
– (verb) Mr Sharma rarely uses his car.
2. Stop – (noun) I will be waiting for you at the bus stop.
– (verb) He stopped the car in the middle of the road.
3. Start – (noun) I have not been informed from the start.
– (verb) The child started laughing when he saw the clown.
All suitable responses from the students should be acceptable.
8. A. 1. Increasing number of factories, vehicles, use of aerosols and sprays, refrigerators
and air conditioners, contribute towards air pollution.
2. Chemicals from the smoke and fumes rise up into the air. There they mix with
the water vapour in the clouds and make it acidic.
3. Acid rain turns the soil acidic and consequently the crops are damaged.
4. Water from acid rain falls on the lakes and seas and kills the fish and other
animals.
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T
C. 1. water vapour 2. smoke 3. fertile 4. disastrous
68 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

9. A. 1. The speaker is playing hide-and-seek with his friends.

2. The speaker is afraid that his friends might plan to disappear and leave him
there all alone.
3. The speaker expects to find mad monsters instead of his friends.
4. The speaker is not enjoying the game. He is uneasy while playing the game. He
is afraid that his friends might lay a trap and play a trick on him.
B. 1. seek 2. shrieking 3. grope 4. monster
C. 1. weak, seek, peak 2. me, tree, free 3. disappear, fear, clear
All suitable responses from the students should be acceptable.
10. A. effect, light, turns, silver, fruit, kennel, breasts, claws, eyes, look.
B. 1. (i) trees and their fruit (ii) windows (iii) thatched roofs
(iv) the paws of the dog (v) the breasts of the doves
(vi) the claws and the eyes of the mouse
(vii) fish (viii) reeds (ix) stream
2. The rest of the dog’s body is probably in the shade, so the moonlight does not
fall on it.
3. The movement of the harvest mouse.
4. silently, like a log, sleeps the dog, silver-feather sleep, moveless fish (sleep is
usually silent).
5. The sound ‘s’. The repetition of a sound gives a musical effect to the poem.
C. 1. peer 2. casements 3. kennel 4. couched 5. scampering

36. Listening Comprehension

D. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
E. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
F. 1. Writers’ 2. first 3. robot 4. Chairman 5. ‘We Shall Overcome’
6. winning
G. 1. sleeping 2. golden 3. silk 4. animal 5. flags
6. new year 7. Chang
H. 1. whether 2. piece 3. road 4. fair 5. accepted
6. brake 7. steel
I. rain; pane; play; today; all; ball; do; you